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1、2021嘉定二模 Whatever happened to the fight of carbon capture?碳捕获之战到底发生了什么？Debates have been going on around the subject of carbon capture. Scientists, especially engineers and geologists, have strongly criticized green groups who claimed that carbon capture and storage (CCS) schemes are costly mistakes
2、.围绕碳捕获的主题一直在进行辩论。 科学家，尤其是工程师和地质学家，强烈批评绿色团体，他们声称碳捕获和封存 (CCS) 计划是代价高昂的错误。 The scientists insisted that such schemes are vital weapons in the battle against global heating. They also warn that failure to set up ways to trap and store carbon would make it impossible to meet the emissions target by 2050.
3、 “CCS is going to be the only effective way in the short term to prevent our steel industry, cement manufacture and many other processes from continuing to pour emissions into the atmosphere,” said Professor Stuart Haszeldine, of Edinburgh University. “If we are to have any hope of keeping global te
4、mperature increases down below 2 degrees Celsius, we desperately need to develop ways to capture and store carbon dioxide.”科学家们坚持认为，此类计划是对抗全球变暖的重要武器。 他们还警告说，如果不能建立捕集和储存碳的方法，就不可能实现到 2050 年的排放目标。爱丁堡大学的斯图尔特海斯泽尔丁 （ Stuart Haszeldine ）教授说，其他过程不会继续向大气中排放排放物。 “如果我们希望将全球温度升高控制在 2 摄氏度以下，我们迫切需要开发捕获和储存二氧化碳的方法。
5、” Green groups claimed CCS would not make “a meaningful contribution to 2050 climate targets”. They say CCS was not a reliable way to decarbonize the energy system and that CCS has a “history of over-promising and under-delivering”. Instead, they urged the construction of more renewable energy plant
6、s to be given priority.绿色团体声称 CCS 不会“对 2050 年气候目标做出有意义的贡献”。 他们表示，CCS 并不是一种可靠的能源系统脱碳方式，而且 CCS 有“过度承诺和交付不足的历史”。 相反，他们敦促优先建设更多可再生能源工厂。 But the claims were dismissed by engineers and geologists. “These claims are quite unfair,” said Michael Stephenson, director at the British Geological Survey. “The tec
7、hnology behind carbon capture and storage is fully mature. It offers us a genuine solution to some of the problems we face in trying to deal with global wanning.”但工程师和地质学家驳回了这些说法。 “这些说法非常不公平，”英国地质调查局局长迈克尔斯蒂芬森（Michael Stephenson）说。 “碳捕获和储存背后的技术已经完全成熟。 它为我们在应对全球变暖时面临的一些问题提供了真正的解决方案。” A government spok
8、esman for the Department of Energy and Climate Change said, “We are committed to meeting our climate change targets in a way that is affordable and provides secure energy to families and businesses. We are considering the role that CCS could play in decarbonization of the UK. But we also need to tak
9、e government spending into account. CCS had better come down in cost.”能源和气候变化部的一位政府发言人说：“我们致力于以负担得起的方式实现我们的气候变化目标，并为家庭和企业提供安全的能源。 我们正在考虑 CCS 在英国脱碳中可以发挥的作用。 但我们也需要考虑政府支出。 CCS 最好降低成本。” 【参考答案】There are debates around carbon capture and storage (CCS) schemes. Scientists believe CCS plans are necessary i
10、n fighting global warming and meeting the emissions target. However, green groups claim CCS has not achieved desired effects and advocated renewable energy, which scientists criticized because they think CCS technology is mature. The government hopes CCS can be less expensive. (57 words)关于碳捕获和封存 (CC
11、S) 计划存在争议。 科学家们认为，CCS 计划对于应对全球变暖和实现排放目标是必要的。 然而，绿色团体声称CCS没有达到预期的效果并提倡可再生能源，科学家们批评，因为他们认为CCS技术已经成熟。 政府希望 CCS 可以更便宜。 (57 字) 概要写作的写作步骤第一步：阅读A. 认真阅读给定的原文材料。如果一遍不能理解，就多读两遍。阅读次数越多，你对原文的理解就越深刻。B.该决定原文中哪些部分重要，哪些部分次重要了。对重要部分的主要观点进行概括。C. 简要地记下主要观点主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括摘要重要的东西。第二步：动手写作A. 摘要应尽量用自己的话完成。不要直接引用原文的句子。B. 应
12、该遵循原文的逻辑顺序。这样你就不必重新组织观点、事实。C. 摘要必须全面、清晰地表明原文所载的信息，以便你的读者不需翻阅原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意。D. 写摘要时可以采用下列几种小技巧：1) 删除细节。只保留主要观点。2) 选择一至两个例子。原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。3) 把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子，那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可。4) 避免重复。在原文中，为了强调某个主题，可能会重复论证说明。但是这在摘要中是不能使用的。应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。5) 压缩长的句子。如下列两例：“His courage in
13、battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.”可以概括为：”He was very brave in battle.”“He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.”可以概括为：”He was in financial difficulties.”6) 还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。请看下面的例子：Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were v
14、isited by only a few people in the past. Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels on these mountains, and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ago.”可以概括为：Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, once visited by only a
15、 few people, are today accessible to many, thanks to better wages, paid holidays, new hotels and better transportation services.”7) 使用概括性的名词代替具体的词，比如：“She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some textbooks. She intended to read all of them during th
16、e winter vocation.”可以概括为：”She brought home a lot of books to read during the vocation.”8）使用最短的连接词。比如，可以使用but, then, thus, yet, though，不能使用at the same time, in the first place, because of these, on the other hand等较长的连接词。通常，使用分号就能够达成使用连接词的效果。9) 文章中的第一人称说的话通常在摘要中转换成第三人称，从而把大段的对白简化，比如：Kate looked at Pau
17、l disapprovingly: You use much too much salt on your food, Paul its not good for you!” Paul put down his knife and frowned: “Why on earth not! If you didnt have salt on your food it would taste awful like eating cardboard or sand just imagine bread without salt in it, or potatoes or pasta cooked wit
18、hout salt!” Kate was patient. She didnt want to quarrel with Paul. She wanted to persuade him. She said firmly: But too much salt is bad for you. It causes high blood pressure and later on, heart-attacks. It also disguises the taste of food, the real tastes which are much more subtle than salt, and
19、which we have lost the sensitivity to appreciate any more.”可以用第三人称概括为：Kate suggested Paul that he should eat less salt. She thought that eating too much salt would do hard to Pauls health and that it could reduce the real tastes of food. But Paul disagreed. He said that food without salt would be ta
20、steless.第三步：修改成文首先，与原文比较看是否把所有重要的观点都概括了，摘要中的观点是否与原文中的完全一致。其次，如果摘要中出现了不必要的词汇、短语或长句子，删除它们。第三，检查拼写、语法和标点符号的错误。最后，保持语言简单明了。另外，可以通过以下五个方面来核对(checklist)写好的摘要。1. Does the summary include the main points?2. Are words or sentences copied or your own words?3. Are there any ideas outside the passage?4. Are transitional words used to make writing coherent?5. Are all the sentences, spelling, and punctuation marks correct?