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1、小学部分一、名词复数规则1一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds2以 s. x. sh. ch 结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches3以“辅音字母 y”结尾,变 y 为 i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries4以“f 或 fe”结尾,变 f 或 fe 为 v, 再加-es,如:knife-knivesLeafleaves5不规则名词复数:man-men, woman-women,
2、 policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen,child-childrenfoot-feet, tooth-teethfish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese二、一般现在时一般现在时基本用法介绍【No. 1】一般现在时的功能1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如:The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如:I get up at six everyday.我天天六点起床。3.表示客观现实。如:The earth goes around t
3、he sun.地球绕着太阳转。一般现在时的构成1. be 动词:主语 be(am,is,are) 其它。如:I am a boy.我是一个男孩。2.行为动词:主语 行为动词( 其它)。如: We studyEnglish.我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时,要在动词后加-s或-es。如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。【No. 2】一般现在时的变化1. be 动词的变化。否定句:主语 be not 其它。 如:He is not a worker.他不是工人。一般疑问句:Be 主语 其它。如:-Are you a student?-Yes. I a
4、m. / No, Im not.非凡疑问句:疑问词 一般疑问句。如:Where is my bike?2.行为动词的变化。否定句:主语 dont( doesnt ) 动词原形( 其它)。如: I dont like bread.当主语为第三人称单数时,要用 doesnt 构成否定句。如: He doesnt often play.一般疑问句:Do( Does ) 主语 动词原形 其它。如:- Do you often play football?- Yes, I do. / No, I dont.当主语为第三人称单数时,要用 does 构成一般疑问句。如:- Does she go to wo
5、rk by bike?- Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt.动词 s 的变化规则1一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks 2以 s. x. sh. ch. o 结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses,wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes3以“辅音字母 y”结尾,变 y 为 i, 再加-es,如:study-studies三、现在进行时1现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。2现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为 be 动词 ing.3现在进行时
6、的否定句在 be 后加 not。4现在进行时的一般疑问句把 be 动词调到句首。5现在进行时的非凡疑问的基本结构为:疑问词不达意 be 主语 动词 ing?但疑问词当主语时其结构为:疑问词不达意 be动词 ing?动词加 ing 的变化规则1一般情况下,直接加 ing,如:cook-cooking2以不发音的 e 结尾,去 e 加 ing,如:make-making, taste-tasting3假如末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加 ing,如:run-running, stop-stopping四、将来时理论及练习一、概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划
7、或预备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, the day after tomorrow(后天) 等。二、基本结构:be going to do;will do.三、否定句:在 be 动词(am, is, are)l 后加 not 或情态动词 will 后加 not 成 wont。例如:Im going to have a picnic this afternoon. Im not going to have a picnic this afternoon.四、同义句:be going to = willI am
8、 going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow.五、一般过去时1一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。2Be 动词在一般过去时中的变化:am 和is 在一般过去时中变为was。(was not=wasnt)are 在一般过去时中变为 were。(were not=werent)3句中没有 be 动词的一般过去时的句子否定句:didnt 动词原形,如:Jim didnt go home yesterday.动词过去式变化规则:1一般
9、在动词末尾加-ed,如:work -worked , cook-cooked2结尾是 e 加 d,如:live lived3末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped4以“辅音字母 y”结尾的,变 y 为 i, 再加-ed,如:study-studied5不规则动词过去式:am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, si
10、ng-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, swim-swam, sit-sat六、人称代词和物主代词主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性Imemymine youyouyouryours hehimhishis sheherherhers itititsitsweusourours具体用法1. Hello 的用法:Hello 的意思为“您好” ,一般可作为熟人,亲朋好友之间的打招呼用语,语气比较随便,例如:Hello,Li Hua!你好,李华。Hello,Tom!你好,汤姆!Hello 也可
11、以用以引起某人注意,常用在打电话时或者在路上碰见熟人时,相当于中文中的“喂”,有时也可用 Hi 来代替hello ,但前者显得更随便。2. Whats your name?的用法:当两人初次见面互相询问姓名时,可用 Whats your name? 来提问,回答时,可用 My name is .来回答,接着反问对方时,可用 And whats your name?来提问。例如:Hi!Whats your name?你好,你叫什么名字?Hi!My name is Lucy.And whats your name?你好,我 叫露西。你叫什么名字?My name is Wang Ying.我叫王英。
12、 句中的 Whats 是 What is 的缩写形式。3.Good morning,class (teacher).的用法:Good morning,class.同学们好。 Good morning,teacher.老师好。这是上午上课时,老师和全班同学互相问候时用语。Goodmorning 是上午问候时的用语,多用于熟人,朋友或家人之间, 是比较正式的问候用语。句中问候语放在前面,称呼语则要放在后面,并用逗号隔开。例如: Good morning.Mr.White.怀特先生,你好。4.英语字母:英语中有 26 个字母,每一字母有大写形式和小写形式两种。大小写形式如下:A a B b C c
13、D d E e F f G g H h I I J j K k L l M m N n O o P p Q q R rS s T t U u V v W w X x Y y Z z 1.Are you?的用法。这是一疑问句型,意思是“你是吗?”用来询问姓名,职业, 身份等,例如:Are you a worker?你是一名工人吗?Are you a student?你是学生吗? 回答时用 Yes,I am(.是的,我是。)或者 No,Im not.(不,我不是)来回答,注意 Yes 和No 后面都有逗号,不能省略。2. Nice to meet you.的用法:这是两位初次见面相识后的用语,意思
14、是“见到你很高兴。” 见面相识可由自我介绍,第三者介绍或者询问相识。例如:Hello!Im Xiao Hua.你好,我是小华Hello!Im Xiao Li.你好,我是小李。Nice to meet you,Xiao Li.小李,见到你我很高兴。Nice to meet you,too,Xiao Hua.小华,见到你我也很高 兴。3. Where is ?的用法:这一句型表示“某物或某人在什么地方”。它同中文的句型结构不一样,where 在前,而某物或某人在后,例如:Where is my book?我的书在哪儿?Its there.在这儿。Where is Tom?Tom 在哪儿?He is
15、 here.他在这儿。句中的 where is 可以缩写成“wheres”。4. am,is 和 are 的用法:这三个词都是“是”的含义,但用法比中文中的“是”要复杂, 英语中的 am,is 和 are 都是 be 的变化形式,根据不同的主语选用不同的动词,主语 I 用 am,表示复数的主语和单数“you”则要用 are,其它则用 is。I am a teacher.我是教师。You are a worker.你是一个工人。You are students.你们是学生。She is Miss Gao.她是高小姐。This book is mine.这本书是我的。【与熟人打招呼】:英美人一天中
16、见面都要打招呼,根据一天中不同的时间选用不同的说法,早上和上午时说 Good morning,下午时说,Goodafternoon,晚上见面时则要说 Good evening。对方也用相同的问候语来回答。例如:Good morning,Mr.Green.Good morning,Miss Li.【Sorry 的用法】:Sorry 表示“对不起”或“抱歉”,用于对自己的过错,失误,不能做某事或者不能提供对方的请求时常用 sorry 或者 Im sorry 来表示。例如:Can you spell your name?你能拼一下你的名字吗?Im sorry.I cant.对不起,我不能。 What
17、s the time,please?请问几点钟了? Sorry,I dont know.对不起,我不知道。【Excuse me 的用法】:这是用于向某人询问一件事或提出请求而打扰某人时的用语。意思是“对不起”,“请问”。例如:Excuse me!Where is my bag?对不起,我的包在哪儿呢?Excuse me!Are you Teacher Wang?对不起,请问你是王老师吗?【Whats 的用法】:这个句型用于询问某人叫什么或者某个东西是什么,例如:Whats this?Its a book.这是什么?这是一本书。Whats your name?你叫什么名字?My name is
18、Lucy.我叫 Lucy.初中部分1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、 look at (感官动词)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump 2 (比较级 and 比较级) 表示越来越怎么样 3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟(容易) 4 agree with sb 赞成某人 5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个 世界 7 along with 同一道,伴随 eg : I wil
19、l go along with you 我将和你一起去 the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树 8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的 10 ask for 求助 向要(直接接想要的东西) eg : ask you for my book 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么 12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在岁时 eg:I am sixte
20、en I am at the age of sixteen 14 at the beginning of 的起初;的开始 15 at the end of +地点/+时间 最后;尽头;末尾 eg : At the end of the day 16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候 17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句 感觉/对什么有信心,自信 eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test 18 be
21、+ doing 表:1 现在进行时 2 将来时 19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原) 能够 eg : She is able to sing She can sing 20 be able to do sth 能够干什么 eg :she is able to sing 21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧,害怕 eg : Im afraed to go out at night Im afraid of dog 22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么 eg: Im allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视 I
22、should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视 23 be angry with sb 生某人的气 eg : Dont be angry with me 24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气25 be as原级as 和什么一样 eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高 26 be ashamed to 27 be away from 远离 28 be away from 从 离开 29 be bad for 对什么有害 eg : Reading books in the sun i
23、s bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好 30 be born 出生于 31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事 be busy with sth 忙于 32 be careful 当心;小心 33 be different from 和什么不一样 34 be famous for 以著名 35 be friendly to sb 对某人友好 36 be from = come from 来自 eg :He is from Bejing He comes from Bejing Is he from Bejing ? Does he come from
24、Bejing ? 37 be full of 装满的 be filled with 充满 eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water 38 be glad+to+do/从句 39 be going to + v(原) 将来时 40 be good at(+doing) = do well in 在某方面善长, 善于 41 be good for 对什么有好处 eg : Reading aloud is good for your English 42 be happy to do 很高兴做某事43 be helpf
25、ul to sb 对某人有好处 eg : Reading aloud is helpful to you 大声朗读对你有好处Exercising is helpful to your bady 锻炼对你的身体有好处 44 be in good health 身体健康 45 be in trouble 处于困难中 eg : She is in trouble They are in tronble 46 be interested in 对某方面感兴趣 47 be late for = come late to 迟到 eg: Be late for class 上课迟到 48 be like 像
26、 eg : Im like my mother 49 be mad at 生某人的气 50 be made from 由制成(制成以后看不见原材料) 51 be made of 由制成(制成以后还看得见原材料) 52 be not sure 表不确定 53 be on a visit to 参观 54 be popular with sb 受某人欢迎 55 be quiet 安静 56 be short for 表*的缩写 eg: 陶 is short for 陶俊杰 57 be sick in bed 生病在床 58 be sorry to do sth be sorry for sb eg
27、 : I am sorry for you 59 be sorry to hear that 60 be sorry to trouble sb eg : I am sorry to trouble you 61 be strict in doing sth 严于做某事 eg : Hes strict in obeying noles 62 be strict with sb 对某人要求严格 eg: Some students are not strict with them selves 这些学生对自己不严格 63 be strict with sb in sth 某方面对某人严格 64 b
28、e supposed to do 被要求干什么 65 be sure 表确定 66 be sure of doing sth 对做某事有信心eg: He is sure of winning I am sure of learning English well 67 be sure of sth 对做某事有信心 eg: Im sure of my head (my teacher 我相信我的大脑(老师) 68 be sure that sth 对做某事有信心 eg: Im suer that he can pass the test 我相信他能通过考试 69 be sure to do sth
29、 一定会做某事 eg: We are sure to pass the test 我们一定会通过这次考试 We are sure to learn English well 我们一定能学好英语 70 be terrified of + 名/动 doing 害怕 71 be terrified to do sth 害怕做某事 72 be the same as 和什么一样 73 be used to doing sth 习惯做某事 eg: My father is used to getting up early 我爸爸习惯早He is used to sleeping in class 他习惯
30、上课睡觉 74 be worth doing 值得做什么 75 be(feel) afraid to do sth 害怕做某事 be afraid of sth 害怕某物 be afraid that 丛句76 because+句子 because of +短语 eg : He was late because he had a headache He was late because of his headache 77 begin to do = start to do 开始做某事startwith=beginwith 以什么开始什么 eg : Lets begin the game wi
31、th the song I begin to go home 78 betweenand 两者之间 79 borrow sth from sb 向借 lend sth to sb ( lend sb sth 借给什么东西 eg : I borrowed a pen from him he lent a pen to me ( he lent me a pen 80 both = the same(as) = not different(from) 表相同81 bother 打 扰 bother sb to do sth eg : Im sorry to bother you ,but can
32、you tell me to way to the station 我十分道歉打扰你,但是你能告诉我怎么去车站 the problem has been bothering me for weeks 这个问题困扰了我几个周了 Hes bothering me to lend him money 82 by the end of 到为止 83 call sb sth eg : We call him old wang 84 care 关 心 eg : Dont you care about this countrys future ?你为什么不关心国家的未来 85 catch up with s
33、b 赶上某人 86 chat with sb 和某人闲谈 take sb to + 地点 带某人去某地87 come in 进 88 come over to 过来 89 come up with 提出 eg: Can you come up with a good idea 你能想出一个好办法吗? 90 communicate with sb 和某人交流 91 consider + doing 考虑做什么 eg : Why not consider going to lu zhou 为什么不考虑去泸州? 92 dance to 随着跳舞 eg : She likes dancing to t
34、he music 她喜欢随着音乐跳舞 93 decide to do sth 决定做某事 94 do a survey of 做某方面的调查 95 do better in 在方面做得更好 96 do wrong 做错 97 Dont forget to do sth 不要忘了做某事 98 Dont mind +doing /从句 /名词 不要介意 99 each +名(单)每一个eg : Each student has many books 每一个学生都有一些书 100 end up +doing 101 enjoy +doing 喜欢 102 escape from 从逃跑 eg: Th
35、e prisoners have escaped from the prison 犯人从监狱里逃跑出来 103 expect to do sth 期待做某事 104 fall down 摔下来 fall off 从哪摔下来 105 fall in love with sb /sth 爱上什么 106 far from 离某地远 eg : The school is far from my home 107 find +it +adj +to do 发现做某事怎么样 108 find sb/sth +adj 发现什么怎么样 eg : I find the book interesting 109
36、 finish 完成+doing(名词) 110 fit to sb = be fit for sb 适合某人 111 forget to do 没有做而忘了 forget doing 做了而又忘了 eg: Dont forget to go home I forget closing door 112 fromto 从某某到某某 eg: From me for her 113 get /have sth down 做完,被(别人)做eg: I have my hair cut 我理了发(头发被剪了) Tom got his bad tooth pulled out 汤母把他的坏牙拔掉了(被牙
37、医拔掉了) 114 get a part-time job= find a part-time job 115 get along well with sb = get on well with sb 与某人相处得好 116 get along with sb = get on with sb 与某人相处 117 get ready for = be ready for 为什么而准备 eg : I get ready for math I am ready for math 118 get sb in to trouble 给某人麻 119 get sb to do sth 120 getfr
38、om 从某处得到某物 121 give a talk 做报告 eg: He is give a tall 122 give sth to sb give sb sth 给某人某物 123 go fish 钓鱼 go swimming 游泳 124 go on to do 去做下一件事 go on doing 继续做这件事 125 go out away from go out of 126 go to school 上学(用于专业的)go to the school 去学校(不一定是上学) 127 good way to 好方法 128 hate to do 讨厌没做过的事 hate doin
39、g 讨厌做过的事129 have a party for sb 举办谁的晚会 130 have a talk 听报告 谈一谈 131 have been doing 现在完成进行时 eg : You have been talking You have been sleeping since 132 have been to ( 地方)去过某过地方 have gone to (地方) 去了某地还没回来 133 have fun +doing 玩得高兴 134 have sth to do 有什么事要做 eg: I have a lot of homework to do 我有很多家庭作业要做
40、I have nothing to do 我没什么事情做 135 have to do sth 必须做某事 136 have trouble (problem) (in) doing sth 做什么事情有麻烦 137 havetime +doing 138 have(时间)off 放假 eg: I have month off 我请一个月得假 139 hear sb +do/doing 听见某人做某事/正在做某事140 help a lot 很大用处 141 help sb with sth ones sth 帮助某人某事(某方面) help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事 14
41、2 hope to do sth 希望做某事 143 How about(+doing) = What about(+doing) 144 how do you like = what do you think of 你对什么的看法 145 if : 是否wether eg: I dont know if (wether) I should go to the party 我不知道我是否应该去参加晚会 He dont know if (wether) we will arrive on time tomorrow morning 他不知道我们明天早上是否能准时到达 146 if :如果,假如(
42、全部接一般时态)条件语态从句eg: Ill go to LuZhou if it doest rain 假如明天不下雨, 我就去泸州 If they change the plan they will let me know 假如他们要改变计划,他们会让我知道的 Ill go to England ,if I have enough money next year 如果我明年由足够的钱,我就要去英国 147 in ones opinion = sb think 某人认为148 in some ways 在某些方面 149 in the end = finally(adv) 最后 150 in
43、the north of 什么在什么的北方 (north 北 sowth 南west 西 east 东 ) 151 in the sun 在太阳下 152 increase 增加 eg : Theyve increased the prece of petrol by 3% 他们把石油价增加了 3% the population has increased from 12 million ten years ago to 18 million now 153 instead of +(名 ) 代替 eg: Id like an apple instead of a pear 我想要苹果,而不要
44、梨子 I like English instead of math 我喜欢英语而不喜欢数学154 introduce sb to sb 介绍某人给某人 introduce oneself 自我介绍 155 invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事 156 It takes sb sometime to do sth 做某人花掉某人多少时间 eg : It took me 5 minutes to do my homework It takes me half an hour to cook 157 Its +adj +for sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事怎么样158
45、 Its +adj +to do 做某事怎么样 159 Its +adj for sb 对于某人来说怎么样 Its +adj of sb 对某人来说太怎么样 160 Its +adj(for sb) to do(对某人来说) 做某事怎么样 Its +adj of sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事太怎么样 eg : Its nice of you to help me with my English 161 Its a good idea for sb to do sth 对 来说是个好主意 162 Its important to sb 对某人来说很重要 eg: Its important to me 163 Its time to do sth Its time for sth 到了该去做某事的时间 eg : Its time to have class Its time for class 该去上课了 164 join = take part in 参加165 just now 刚才 166 keep +sb /sth +adj /介词短语 让什么保持什么样? 167 keep out 不让 进入 168 keep sb adj 让保持 eg: I want to keep my mother happy keep healthy 保持健康 169 key to