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1、Unit5 What are the shirts made of?知识点精编及练习1. 被动语态1）构成：be+及物动词的过去分词2）用法：（常用被动语态的情况）不知道动作的执行者 e g. The window was broken last night.不必提到动作的执行者 e.g. The machine is made in China.动作的执行者很模糊 e.g. They were given a warm welcome.强调或侧重动作的承受者 e.g. The sick boy was taken good care of.有些动词习惯上常用被动语态 e.g. Its sai
2、d that he will go to Beijing with his parents3)主动语态与被动语态的转换步骤(三步): 先找到主动句的宾语，把它变为被动句的主语。 将谓语动词由主动形式变为被动形式“be+ done”。 将主动句的主语变为被动句中介词by的宾语。 4) 含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，有两种方法： 将间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语保持不变； 将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语用介词to或for引导。 e.g. He told us a story（变被动语态） We were told a story（by him）或：A story was told to us by
3、him常见的接双宾语的动词有:1)pass sb sth=pass sth to sb 2) give sb sth= give sth. to sb 3)teach sb sth=teach sth to sb 4)show sb sth=show sth to sb 5) bring sb sth=bring sth to sb 6)send sb sth=send sth to sb7) tell sb sth=tell sth to sb 8) sell sb sth=sell sth to sb 9)make sb sth= make sth for sb 10)buy sb sth
4、 =buy sth for sb 11) get sb sth= get sth for sb 12) cook sb sth =cook sth for sb 5) 被动语态中by短语的省略 被动语态中的“by+宾语”表示及物动词所表示动作的执行者。但是在遇到以下情况时，表示动作执行者的by短语常常被省略。动作执行者不确定时 e.g. Many people are killed in traffic accidents every year. 不必表明动作执行者时 e.g. These trees were planted last year. 动作执行者为一般大众时e.g. Both E
5、nglish and Spanish are spoken in this area. 这些动词短语本身已经是被动形式,不需再加by短语 be made of/from由制成 be covered with用覆盖 6) 被动语态注意事项1) “主+系+表”结构无被动语态，用主动表被动。2) there be 结构无被动语态3) 句子的谓语为不及物动词，无被动语态4) 主动句中宾语是反身代词的，无被动语态5)短语动词的被动语态：在变为被动语态时，要将短语动词视为一个整体，其后的介词或副词不能省去。e.g. He takes care of his younger sister.His young
6、er sister is taken care of by him.6) 在主动语态中，在 make, let, have, hear, see, watch, notice等词后接不带to 的不定式做宾补，在被动语态中，要加上to.e.g. His father makes him do the dishes after dinner. He is made to do the dishes after dinner by his father.2. be made短语 1) be made of“用(材料)制成”(可直接看出原材料) e.g. These chairs are made o
7、f wood.2) be made from“用(材料)制成”(不可直接看出原材料) e.g. The paper is made from wood. 3) be made in“在(地点/时间)制造” e.g. The computer is made in Zhengzhou. This phone was made in 2017.4) be made into“被制成(成品)”e.g. The piece of wood will be made into a small bench. 5) be made up of“由组成”e.g. The class is made up of
8、 45 students.6) be made by“由某人制作”或“用什么方式组成” e.g. The TV set is made by the workers in the factory .The kite is made by hand.3. leaf cn. 叶子；叶 pl. leaves【扩展】：常见的-f/ -fe结尾的可数名词变复数wolfwolves (狼 ) lifelives(生命)thiefthieves（小偷） knifeknives (刀)shelfshelves (架子) halfhalves (一半)selfselves (自己) wifewives(妻子)4
9、. be famous短语 1) be famous for+事物“以著名”=be known fore.g. Hangzhou is famous for the West Lake. 2) be famous as+身份“作为著名”=be known ase.g. He is famous as a writer. 3) be famous to “为.所熟知 =be known to e.g. He is famous to the people all over the world .5. seem 系v. “好像，似乎”1) seem+ adj. 或to do 作表语e.g. He
10、seems quite happy. My temperature seems to be all right.2) 句型：It seems that从句.=(从)主+seem+to do sth.e.g. It seems that they agree with him. =They seem to agree with him. 6. be good 短语1) be good for“对有好处”,其反义词为be bad for e.g. Junk food is not good for our health.e.g. Smoking is bad for you. 吸烟对你有害。2)
11、be good to“对好”，其反义短语为be bad toe.g. She is very good to us. 她对我们很好。e.g. The boss is bad to his workers.那个老板对他的工人不好。3) be good at“在方面擅长”， 同义短语为do well in。e.g. She is good at English and Chinese. = She does well in English and Chinese. 她擅长英语和汉语。4) be good with“和相处得好；擅于和相处”e.g. Are you good with childre
12、n? 你和孩子们相处得好吗？7. 几组关联词组 1）both.and.“不仅而且；和都”只能连接两个并列的词或短语。当连接的两个并列成分作主语时，谓语用复数形式。e.g. Both she and I are students. 2) neithernor “既不也不”就近原则e.g. Neither you nor I am a worker.3) not only but also “不仅而且”就近原则e.g. Not only the students but also the teacher likes playing soccer.4) eitheror “或者或者”就近原则e.g.
13、 Either he or we are right.8. hardly adv. 几乎不；几乎没有hardly本身含有否定意义，当用在附加疑问句中时，附加部分用肯定。e.g. There is hardly a cloud in the sky, is there?【扩展】类似的词还有：no, none, no one, nothing, nobody, never, seldom(很少), few(少量的修饰cn.复数), little(少量的修饰un.) 等e.g. He seldom goes to see the film, does he? He is never late for
14、 school, is he?9. avoid vt. 避免；回避avoid+ n. / pron. /v-ing e.g. Try to avoid accidents. 尽量防止发生事故。e.g. I avoided him as much as possible. 我尽量避开他。e.g. He avoided answering my questions.他避而不答我的问题。10. 辨析：everyday & every day 1) everyday adj. “每天的，日常的，平日的”。仅用在名词之前做定语，不能单独使用。 e.g. everyday activities 日常活动
15、everyday English 日常英语everyday life 日常生活 everyday clothes 平日里穿的服装2) every day 是副词短语，意为“每天”通常用作句子的时间状语从句。e.g. We should eat vegetables and fruits every day.我们应该每天都吃蔬菜和水果。11. allow v. 允许 1) allow sth. “允许某事” I dont think she will allow it. 我想她不会允 许这件事情。2). allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事e.g. My parents don
16、t allow me to stay up late.3). allow doing sth.“允许做某事”e.g. We dont allow smoking in our house. 在我们家不允许抽烟。4). be allowed to do sth.“被允许做某事” e.g. Passengers are not allowed to smoke on the bus.在公交车上，乘客不允许抽烟。12. 辨析：look for & find & find out 1) look for“寻找”，强调的是找的动作或过程。e.g. He is looking for his socks
17、everywhere.2) find “找到”，强调的是找的结果。e.g. I cant find my pen. Can you help me to look for it?3) find out“找出、发现、查明”指经过观察、调查，把某事、某物查出来、搞清楚、弄明白。e.g. Can you find out what time the meeting starts?你能查清楚会议什么时候开始吗？13. competitor cn. 参赛者；竞争者 e.g. That company is a strong competitor for us. 【词汇扩展】compete v. 竞争 e
18、.g. We can compete with the best teams. competition n. 比赛；竞赛e.g. Who won the singing competition?14. turninto表示“把变成”e.g. Can you turn an egg into a flower?turn into表示 “转变；变成” e.g. The sunny morning turned into a rainy day.【扩展】turn 短语turn up （把声音）调高 turn down（把声音）调低；拒绝turn on 打开（水；电） turn off 关掉（水；电）
19、turn to 转向；翻到(某页) ；求教于turn left/ right 向左/ 右转15. send out 放出；派遣；发送 （sent-sent）e.g. People used to send out sky lanterns to ask for help when in trouble. 【扩展】send for 派人去请 send up 发射；使上升 e.g. They sent me for a doctor. 他们派我去请医生。16. in trouble 处于困境中e.g. Have you ever been in trouble?你以前遭遇过困境吗？【扩展】“in
20、+ n”短语in danger 处于危险中 in silence 默默地in need 需要帮助 in surprise 吃惊地in excitement 兴奋地17. celebration cn. 庆祝活动；庆典 un. 庆祝；祝贺e.g. Well hold a celebration next week.【扩展】celebrate v. 庆祝e.g. They are celebrating their grandpas 80th birthday.18. be covered with 被覆盖e.g. The top of Qomolangma is covered with sno
21、w all year round.珠穆朗玛峰顶部终年被积雪覆盖。coverwith 用覆盖e.g. She covered her face with her hands, crying sadly.19. rise into 上升到中e.g. Look! The sky lanterns are rising into the air slowly.【辨析】：rise & raise1) rise vi. 常指自然的“上升、上涨、起立、起床等” e.g. The sun rises in the east .2) raise vt. 常指人为的“增加、上涨、升上去等”e.g. If you
22、know the answer, you can raise your hand .20. be seen as 被视作 主动形式为： seeas 把视为 / 看作e.g. The girl sees her pet dog as her friend.【扩展】同义短语：“把视为 / 看作”regard / consider / treatase.g. The teacher regards/ treats/ considers his students as his friends.21. complete 1) v. 完成complete (doing) sth. 完成(做)某事 (近fi
23、nish) e.g. Have you completed doing your homework?2) adj. 完整的；完全的 completely adv. e.g. Is this a complete story?这是一个完整的故事吗？e.g. I completely trust him. 我完全信任他。22. be used 短语1) be used for +n./v-ing被用来（做） 表用途或目的e.g. Knives are used for cutting (=to cut) things.2) be used as + n. 被用作 强调用途e.g. The box
24、is used as a table. 这个箱子被用作桌子。 3) be used by 被使用 后接动作的被执行者e.g. The tools are used by the workers in the factory. 练习一、将下列句子改为被动语态。1. Mrs. Lin looks after the two children very well._2. He often makes his son stay at home alone._3. They dont water the flowers in the garden every day._4. Does Mike use
25、the new bike?_5. The teacher often repeats the story._二、用所给词的适当形式填空。1. He tried to avoid _ (answer) my questions in the meeting.2. The products are mainly _ (make) in China.3. I find it _ (interest) that I have conversations with my friends in English.4. My father was too tired because of his work,
26、and so he had to rest before _ (eat) dinner.5. Ann is better than me at _ (paint) pictures.三、用方框中所给词的适当形式填空international competitor be made of famous make1. New York is _ for its skyscrapers（摩天大楼）. 2. It seems that these buildings _ bamboo.3. Ive already learned _ a kite.4. Weifang holds an _ kite f
27、estival every year.5. Zhang Jie beat the other _ and won the first prize in the speech competition.四、单项选择（ ）1. He knows _ about the festival, so he asks Jim about it.A. a lot B. a little C. little（ ） 2. Lets have a picnic tomorrow. That _ wonderful. A. sounds B. listens C. hears（ ） 3. Could you tell
28、 me _ ? A. how can I make a kite B. how should I make a kite C. how to make a kite（ ） 4. The sports meeting _ every term at this school. A. is holding B. holds C, is held（ ） 5. They went _ a vacation _ Beijing last year. A. to, on B. on, to C. on, in（ ）6. Chinese _ by the largest number of people. A
29、. speaks B. speak C. is spoken D. speaking（ ）7. -Can I smoke here? -Sorry, smoking _.A. not allow B. isnt allowing C. doesnt allow D. isnt allowed（ ）8. Rice _ in winter in the north.A. grows B. is growing C. is grown D. grew（ ）9. She _ sing English songs in her room.A. often hear B. is often heard C
30、. often hears to D. is often heard to（ ）10. _ tea grown in Hangzhou?A. Is B. Do C. Does D. Are答案：一：1. The two children are looked after very well by Mrs. Lin.2. His son is often made to stay at home alone by him.3. The flowers in the garden are not watered every day by them.4. Is the new bike used by Mike?5. The story is often repeated by the teacher.二：1. answering 2. made 3. interesting 4. eating 5. painting 三：1. famous 2. are made of 3. to make 4. international 5. competitors四： 1-5 CACCB 6-10 CDCDA11原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！