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1、初中英语八大时态,Review of Tenses,1、The Simple Present Tense 一般现在时态,教学重、难点,一般现在时,表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态 常与every day , on Sundays, sometimes , often ，usually ,always,等连用 结构 ： 1、主语+动词原形+其他 Eg. I have a meeting on Sundays . They visit their parents once a month.,注: 主语(三单)+ 动词(第三人称单数形式)+其他,Eg. She likes it very much.
2、She usually goes to school at 7 oclock every morning.,动词第三人称单数形式,在动词后+s 在以s,x,ch,sh,o结尾的动词+es 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词， 先变y 为i，再加es 特殊 have-has 等,help guess fly make leave fix swim know,play close go study get read bring watch,写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式,carry do wash visit exercise enjoy jump have,s,ies,es,s,es,s,s,s,es,s
3、,ies,s,s,s,has,es,s,s,es,s,s,es,ies,s,一般现在时否定式,be + not dont do / doesnt do,II 一般现在时的否定式,1.Be 动词的否定式: be + not,I am a teacher. You are a worker She is a doctor We are friends.,Im not a teacher You arent a worker She isnt a doctor. We arent friends.,is not=isnt are not=arent,否定句,2.当主语是单数第三人称时，它与助动词Do
4、es有关，但是动词谓语一定要恢复为原形。当主语是其他人称时，它与助动词Do有关。,I like English. She likes it very much. We go to work by bike.,I dont like English. She doesnt like it very much. We dont go to work by bike.,否定句,概念：用 yes 或 no 来回答的疑问句叫做一般疑问句。 一般疑问句句首的第一个词一般读得比较重。,III一般疑问句,1.对于be 动词，疑问句要求把be 提前，第一人称变成第二人称。,疑问句,I am a teacher.
5、,Are you a teacher?,You are a worker.,Are you a worker?,He is a student.,Is he a student?,We are friends.,Are you friends?,2.对于实意动词，疑问句要求是：当主语是他(he)，她(she)，它(it)时，句子前面加does，并把动词恢复原形；当主语是其他人称时，句前加do ，第一人称(I/we) 换第二人称(you)。,I often go there. You like the music. He goes to work by bus . We /You/They li
6、ke it.,Do you often go there ? Do you like the music.? Does he go to work by bus ? Do you/they like it?,1.He has a meeting on Sundays . 2.He goes to school at seven in the morning . 3.My father and mother go out for lunch on Sundays. 4.We do our homework after school.,把下列句子改为一般疑问句,Does he have a mee
7、ting on Sundays ?,Does he go to school at seven in the morning?,Do your father and mother go out for lunch on Sundays ?,Do you do your homework after school ?,exercise,把下列句子改为否定句,1.My father has an egg for breakfast . 2.Li Lei does his homework after school. 3.We do our homework at home. 4.They have
8、 a meeting every morning .,My father doesnt have an egg for breakfast .,Li Lei doesnt do his homework after school.,We dont do our homework at home .,They dont have a meeting every morning .,1.We often _ (play) in the playground. 2. He _ (get) up at six oclock. 3. _ you _ (brush) your teeth every mo
9、rning? 4.What _ he usually_ (do) after school? 5.Danny_ (study) English, Chinese, Maths, Science and Art at school. 6.Mike sometimes _(go) to the park with his sister. 7.She _ (watch) TV with his parents every evening. 8._ Mike _(read) English every day?,用所给动词的正确形式及助动词填空,play,gets,Do brush,does do,s
10、tudies,goes,watches,Does read,2、一般过去时,The Simple Present Tense,教学重、难点,一般过去时,一般过去时指动作发生在过去 有时候会有例如yesterday, last year等表示 过去时间的标志 一般过去时主要要注意动词的变化,be动词和实意动词,含有be动词的一般过去式,She is in Beijing. She was in Beijing . I am a student. I was a student. We are friends. We were friends.,含有be动词的一般现在时变一般过去时, 把is和am
11、改成was,把are改成were,练习:,1. She is a teacher. She _a teacher. 2. They are from Japan. They _ from Japan. I am very tired. I _ very tired. He is too young to go to school. He _too young to go to school. 5. You are late for school. You _late for school.,was,were,was,was,were,不含be动词的一般过去时,不含be动词的句子改写成一般过去时
12、， 把句子中的动词改为过去式形式。通常有 五种写法。,I work in this city. I worked in this city last year.,They live in Shanghai . They lived in Shanghai last year.,动词过去式的写法：,一般情况， 在动词末尾 加ed,动词以e结尾的，直接在词尾加d,3、 辅音加y结尾，变y为i加ed I study in Beijing. I studied in Beijing .,Study,copy Cry ,fly,4、重读闭音节结尾，双写词尾字母加ed she stops. she sto
13、pped.,5 、特殊 I go to school by bike every day. I went to school by bike yesterday.,例如：have/hashad, go-went, eat-ate, say-said thinkthought, come-came,不规则动词练习,I think you are right. I thought you were right. She eats an apple every week. She ate an apple an hour ago.,3、一般将来时,The Future Simple Tense,教学
14、重、难点,一般将来时,相对于讲话时间将要发生的动作或情况,2.时间状语（判断标准）：,tomorrow 明天 next week 下周 the day after tomorrow 后天 soon 不久 in the future 在将来 in+一段时间 多久之后才.,The Future Simple Tense,1.will+动词原形 (I /we shall) 2.be going to+动词原形 3.be+v-ing 4.一般现在时表将来,结构,1.will/shallv原形 表示一个将来的动作或状态，“要,会” Eg. 1) She will go to the park tomor
15、row. 2) I will return home as soon as I finish my task.,2、be going to + v原形 表示打算做某事 表示现在已经有迹象表明将要发生某事。 - What _do this evening? - I am going to do my lessons. 看那些乌云要下雨了. Loot at the dark clouds. It _rain.,is going to,are you going to,3. be +v-ing go, come, leave, start, arrive, stay, fly, land, take
16、 off等动词可用现在进行时表示安排和计划或即将发生的动作。 我们明天动身去青岛. Were leaving for Qingdao.,6.表示与生日,日历,课时安排或交通时刻表有关的动作(一种规律) ，用一般现在时表示将来时态 常用于转移动词如： ( begin, come , leave, go, arrive, start, stop, return, open, close ） Eg. 1、The evening class begins at 19:00. 2、The train starts at two.,If 条件句中，动词用一般现在时表将来。,If we hurry, we
17、may catch the bus. 如果我们快点的话，我们也许会赶上公交车 If it rains tomorrow, the travel will be canceled.如果明天下雨的话，旅游将取消。,1. What are you going to do this afternoon? I am going to the cinema with some friends. The film _quite early, so we _ to the bookstore after that. A. finished; are going B. finished; go C. finis
18、hes; are going D. finishes; go,Exercise:,2. My younger brother _be 15 years old next year. A. is going to B. will C. is to D. should,1. The agreement _ come into force next year. Im not feeling well, and I _ go to see a doctor. If you_ _(dont pass) the exam, you will be criticized by your parents.,w
19、ill,will,dont pass,5.How _ you _ spend your holiday? Ive decided to repaint this room. Oh, have you? What colour _ you _ paint it? The weather is so nice and I am going to sit in the garden. Thats a good idea. I _ join you.,will,are,going to,are,going to,4、现在进行时,Review of the Present Continuous Tens
20、e,教学重、难点：,知识要点：,一.现在进行时的定义:,现在进行时是表示现在、说话瞬间或当前一直正在做着的动作.,Eg: 1. Jenny is watching TV now. 2.I am writing.,五.现在进行时的判断：,（1）一般句中用到表示“在现在”的时间状语，如：now, right now, at the moment 或Its+几点钟”句型，常判断用现在进行时。Eg: Lets go fast .Mr. Wu is waiting for us now. Its six oclock.The children are playing basketball.,(2)句中用
21、到“Listen！” “Look!” “Keep quiet” “Dont make noise!”等提示语时，表明说话间另一个动作正在进行，这时，句子也要用现在进行时。 Eg: Keep quiet ! The teachers are talking in the office.,She,read,is,ing,now.,Listen!,The bird,is,sing,ing.,二.现在进行时的谓语结构:,现在进行时的谓语结构为:am/is/are +现在分词.Am/is/are 在现在进行时句子谓语结构中作助动词用，无词义。Am/is/are的选择运用由句子的主语人称或数决定。,A:
22、I am watching TV at home. B: Dave is cleaning the floor. C: The students are seeing a movie.,2.将现在进行的肯定句变为否定句时，在be动词后面加上not. Eg: Steve is talking to his teacher. The children are eating some apples at my home.,-Steve isnt talking to his teacher.,-The children arent eating any apples at my home.,四.现在
23、进行时的形式转换：,1.将一个现在进行时的肯定句变为一般疑问句时， 将句中的is或are提到句首。 Eg: Steve is talking to his teacher . I am singing.,-Is Steve talking to his teacher?,-Are you singing?,Talk about the people in the picture.,Whats he doing? Hes reading.,* What are they doing? *They are playing basketball. ,5、过去进行时,Review of the Pas
24、t Continuous Tense,教学重、难点：,过去进行时,过去进行时的用法与现在进行时相仿，表示过去某时刻或阶段正在进行的动作。 结构：be（过去式）+v.ing Eg. I was reading a novel when you called. 你打电话时我正在看一本小说。,exercise,Danny _ _(watch) TV, when you sang. I _ _ _ _(play computer game) at this time yesterday.,was watching,was playing computer game,6、将来进行时,表示将来某时刻正在进
25、行的动作。 结构：will / shall +be+v.ing Eg. We will be having dinner in a minute. 一会儿我们就吃饭。 Danny will be playing football an hour later. Danny 一会儿将会在打球。,Have a try试一试:,He_ (watch) TV now. I _(swim) at this time yesterday. She _(see) the sunrise at the top of the mountain this time tomorrow.,is watching,was
26、 swimming,will be seeing,Translate翻译,他们一会儿就开会。 They will be having a meeting. 我一会儿就洗衣服。 I will be washing clothes.,7、 The Present Perfect Tense 现在完成时,教学重、难点：,现在完成时,现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果. 通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词 just，already, before, yet, never, ever 等状语连用。,现在完成时结构,助动词have (has) + V过去分词 注：has 用于第
27、三人称单数，have 用于其他所有人称。 否定句：have/has+ not +V过去分词 Eg. He has never heard of that before. I have worked here for 20 years. She has already finished the work. My aunt havent lived in China for 3 years.,2.现在完成时表示过去已经开始，持续到现在,也许还会持续下去的动作或状态。可以和表示延续的时间状语连用。 如for、since 等引导的时间状语。（注意：句中谓语动词要用延续性动词）,一段时间的表达方法有两种
28、: for: +一段时间 for a year for two weeks for three years,过去的某一时刻, since 9 oclock since last week 一般过去时态的时间状语从句 since you came since you got home.,注意:for 和since 所引导的时间状语都表示一段时间.,Since,注意点（1）：一些表示短暂性动作的动词如come, go, leave, arrive, buy, begin, start, become等不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，这些动作需用表示状态的词连用。,I have had this co
29、at for one year.,试比较：,1） I have bought this coat for one year.,转化成延续性动词归纳,1.直接转化成延续性动词 buy catch (get) a cold borrow come/go /become,have,have a cold,keep,be,2.转换成be+名词 join the army join the Party go to school,be a soldier,be a Party member,be a student,3转换成be+形容词或副词 die finish begin leave fall sle
30、ep close open,be dead,be over,be on,be away,be asleep,be closed,be open,4.转换成 be+介词短语 go to school join the army,be in school,be in the army,2) My uncle has come back for 2 days.,My uncle has been back for 2 days.,3) The train has left for an hour.,The train has been away for an hour.,4) The twin br
31、others have joined the army for 2 years.,The twin brothers have been in the army for 2 years.,注意点（2）,have been to 与have gone to 的区别。,（3） have been (to)和have gone (to)的区别： have / has been (to) 表示“曾经到过某地”，说话时此人不在那里，已经回来。侧重指经历。 have / has gone (to) 表示某人“已经去某地了”，说话时此人可能在路上或已到那里. 试比较： He has been to Beij
32、ing. 他曾去过北京。 （人已回来，可能在这儿） He has gone to Beijing. 他已经去北京了。 （人已走，不在这儿）。,一般过去时与现在完成时之比较,一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作，和现在不发生关系。而现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况。,分析比较,I saw this film yesterday. （只说明动作发生在过去。） I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。） She has returned from Paris. （她已从巴黎回来了。）
33、She returned yesterday. （她是昨天回来的。） He has been in the League for three years. (在团内的状态可延续) He joined the League three years ago. ( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。),注意：句子中如有一般过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。例如： （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （对）Tom wrote a letter
34、to his parents last night.,Exercises,( ) 1. I have watched the game. When _ you _ it? A. have; watched B. do; watch C. did ;watch D. will; watch,( )2. Mr. Green _ in China since five years ago. A. lived B. has lived C. lives D. is going to live ( )3. His grandma _ for two years. A. died B. has died
35、C. was dead D. has been dead,B,B,D,( )4. Where is Han Mei now? She _ to Shanghai. She will be back in two days. A. has gone B. has been C. goes D. had gone ( )5. _ you _to the United Stated ? No, never,but I went to Canada a few years ago A. Have; been B. Have; gone C. Did; go D. Do; go,( )6. How lo
36、ng have you _ the football team of the school? A. played B. been at C. joined D been on,A,A,D,( )7. Where have you _ these days? I have _ to Kunming with my friends. A been , gone B been , been C gone , been D gone, gone ( )8. How long have you _ this book? A. bought B. borrowed C. had D. lent ( )9.
37、 Excuse me, _ you seen the film yet? Yes, I _ it last night. A have, see B have, have seen C have, seen D have, saw,B,C,D,（2）现在完成时,My daughter _(go) out. I _(hear) from her these days.(改为现在完成时的否定句) They _(leave) for two years. The old man _(die) for 4 months. We _(see) you recently.(否定句）,has been go
38、ne,havent heard,have been away,has been dead,havent seen,8、The Past Perfect Tense过去完成时,The Past Perfect Tense过去完成时,过去完成时的构成 助动词 had (用于各种人称和数) + 过去分词,When I got to school, the bell had rung.,2. 过去完成时的用法: 主要是表示在过去某个时间,或是动作之前 已经发生或完成的动作.也就是过去的过去.,The Past Perfect Tense过去完成时,3. 常用的几种方式: 用介词by, before 等
39、构成的时间短语.,We had learnt 20 English songs by the end of last month.,The plane had taken off when I reached the airport. By the time I got up , my brother had left home.,用连词when, before, after或者短语by the time 引导的时间状语从句.,By the time I got outside, the bus had already left.,By the time I got outside, the
40、bus had already left.,我出去的时候,公共汽车已经开走了.,by the time 意思是 “到的时候”, 相当于 when , 后接过去时的句子 时, 主语的谓语动词用过去完成时态.,主要动词的过去式和过去分词,ring rang rung get got gotten go went gone leave left left start started started be was/were been take took taken run ran run wake woke woken,1.When I_( get) there, the Smiths already
41、 _ (have) their dinner. 2.By the end of last year they _(produce) more than 500,000 tractors. 3.Tom_(read) at least 20 novels in the past year. 4._you_(give) the book to Jim yesterday? No, because he _(borrow) one from the library. 5.He said that he_never_(hear) of that before.,got,had had,had produced,had read,Did,give,had borrowed,had,heard,Bye Bye,