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1、Unit 2 The universal language Grammar and usage,In todays class, we shall: explore the rules of verb-ing forms as subjects and objects. apply the rules by doing some exercises.,Learning objectives,Lead-in,Find verb-ing forms and figure out their functions.,1. Sliding into the habit was easy, but it
2、was difficult to quit the habit. 2. Going to Hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours. 3. Asking a womans age is impolite in his country.,Lead-in,Find verb-ing forms and figure out their functions.,4. Well come back more frequently and were also considering taking them to the city to live with us. 5.
3、As the largest rainforest in the world, the Amazon rainforest plays a significant role in maintaining the fine balance of the Earths ecosystem. 6. I was used to checking the news and my friends social media updates every few minutes.,Exploring the rules,1. 动词-ing形式在句中可以用作主语。如： Talking mends no holes
4、. Watching them was a thrilling experience. Walking in step is not easy. 2. 有时可用it作形式主语，而将动词-ing形式这个真正的主语置于后面，基本句型是：it+be+形容词/名词+动词-ing形式。如： Its difficult finding your way around here. Its no good complaining. It was a waste of time reading that book.,动词-ing形式作主语,Exploring the rules,3. 动词-ing形式作主语时，
5、有被动形式。如： Being taken to the zoo is a luxury for kids. Being lost can be a terrifying experience. 4. 动词-ing形式有时前面还可加物主代词或名词所有格等表示逻辑上的主语，构成复合结构。如： Your denying everything will get you nowhere. Johns going off in such a hurry is very risky. His making trouble in class annoyed the teacher.,动词-ing形式作主语,E
6、xploring the rules,1. 动词-ing形式可以充当动词的宾语以及介词后的宾语。如： We are considering paying a visit to the Science Museum. Im fond of collecting stamps and coins. 2. 后接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词有：admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, deny, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy, finish, forgive, imagine, include, involve,
7、 keep (on), mention, mind, miss, postpone, practise, prevent, recall, risk, stand, stop, suggest, understand等。如： I have no choice but to delay putting on the show. My temporary job involves travelling around the world.,动词-ing形式作宾语,只接动词-ing,Exploring the rules,3.后接动词-ing形式作宾语的短语有：have (no/much/some/.
8、) difficulty/trouble/a hard time (in), take pleasure in, spend time/money (in), waste time (in), be worth, be busy, feel like, be committed to, be attached to, cant help等。如： What is worth mentioning is his sincere attitude. It feels like allocating adequate time for each subject is impractical.,动词-i
9、ng形式作宾语,只接动词-ing,Exploring the rules,Exploring the rules,4. 动词-ing形式作宾语，有被动形式（being done）和完成形式（having done）。如： This question is far from being settled. He went back to London without having achieved any success. 5. 有时动词-ing形式前还可加物主代词或名词所有格等充当宾语，构成复合结构。如： He strongly objected to your saying that. I n
10、ever dreamed of its hurting you. You can be sure of his agreeing.,动词-ing形式作宾语,Exploring the rules,Exploring the rules,1. Do you feel like _ (eat) out tonight? 2. _ (read) is a good way to enlarge your vocabulary. 3. She didnt remember _ (meet) him before. 4. He gives people the impression of _ (writ
11、e) many poems. 5. No one can avoid _ (influence) by advertisements. 6. It is a waste of time _ (go) to the doctor with most mild complaints. 7. _ (equip) with global vision and the spirit of innovation is crucial to Chinas young generation.,Practice,eating,Reading,meeting,having written,being influe
12、nced,going,Being equipped,Exploring the rules,In Chinas Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, there lived a man named Boya, who was a master of the qin. Playing the qin was his life. He played so well that everyone enjoyed listening to his music and thought highly of his techniques. However,
13、 Boya believed no one could understand his music until he met Zhong Zigi. Boya did not say anything before playing the qin, yet Zhong Ziqi was able to paint a picture of great mountain ranges in his mind. When Boya continued playing, Zhong Ziqi said he had heard the sound of a river flowing quickly.
14、 In fact, Boya had intended to call the piece High Mountains and Flowing Water. Having someone that really understood his music pleased Boya, who never got tired of sharing his music with Zhong Ziqi. The two soon became great friends and before going their separate ways, they agreed to meet at the M
15、id-Autumn Festival the next year. However, Zhong Ziqi failed to show up on that day. When Boya learnt about Zhong Ziqis death, he was overcome with sorrow. He played High Mountains and Flowing Water in front of Zhong Ziqis grave. After he finished playing the piece, he destroyed the qin and said, “S
16、ince the only person that understands my music is gone, its no use keeping the qin.”,Exploring the rules,Having someone that really understood his music pleased Boya, .,., its no use keeping the qin.,Playing the qin was his life.,. everyone enjoyed listening.,Boya did not say anything before playing
17、 the qin, .,When Boya continued playing, .,., who never got tired of sharing his music with Zhong Ziqi.,. before going their separate ways, .,After he finished playing the piece, .,Working out the rules,When the verb-ing form is used as the subject of a sentence, we can sometimes use the preparatory
18、 subject it at the beginning of the sentence. The verb-ing form can also be used as the object of a (1)_ or a (2)_.,verb/preposition,preposition/verb,Applying the rules,B1,Circle the mistakes and write down the correct forms in the blanks.,1. Listen to music is my favourite thing to do. _ 2. I reall
19、y enjoy to read biographies of musicians. _ 3. Its no use try to play the violin if youre not going to give it your best shot. _ 4. Would you mind to teach me how to play the guitar? _ 5. These instruments were meant for play traditional Chinese music. _,Listening,reading,trying,teaching,playing,App
20、lying the rules,If you have to choose music from the Earth to send into space, what music do you think is capable of (1) _ (represent) mankind? The sound of the Chinese qin is one answer to this question. In 1977, two spacecraft called Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 were sent out (2) _ (explore) the solar
21、system. On both spacecraft, there is a selection of music from our planet. (3) _ (send) music into outer space was the idea of the famous scientist Carl Sagan, who believed intelligent life existed on other planets. The music was intended as a universal language to greet intelligent life in space (i
22、f there is any). A group of scientists and artists got down to (4)_ (choose) suitable music. Of course, they had,representing,to explore,Sending,choosing,Applying the rules,trouble (5)_ (select) which pieces of music to include. In the end, 27 different pieces of music (6)_ (last) 90 minutes were pu
23、t on the spacecraft. China is represented by a recording of Guan Pinghu (7)_ (play) an ancient piece called Flowing Water on the Chinese instrument qin. It is said that Boya wrote it. It took about 40 years for the Voyager spacecraft (8)_ (enter) the space between the stars. We do not know what will
24、 happen in the end, but maybe the sound of the qin will one day be heard on a distant planet.,selecting,lasting,playing,to enter,Applying the rules,Holding music festivals will give the public more chances to appreciate Chinese.,Applying the rules,Organizing traditional music tours around the countr
25、y might give people more access to traditional Chinese music. Encouraging students to learn how to play traditional Chinese musical instruments can increase appreciation of the music. The media companies can contribute by making more documentary films or TV programmes to promote traditional Chinese
26、music. People might benefit from having traditional Chinese music competitions locally or countrywide. Chinese music communities could suggest starting more websites about traditional music.,Sample answer,Homework,Write several sentences about what kind of music you like best and explain the reasons, using verb-ing forms correctly.,