《高三英语总复习：定语从句学案 .doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高三英语总复习：定语从句学案 .doc（14页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、定语从句 什么是定语从句？用来充当定语的句子称为定语从句。什么是定语？Underline the attribute:a beautiful girla fallen leafa washing machineseven boysnothing difficult a boy behind me application formstone table（引导学生总结：用形容词、名词、过去分词、现在分词、介词短语、数词等修饰名词或者代词叫定语）定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不等式或相当于形容词的词或短语等。单个词作定语时，通常放在它所修饰的名词之前。如：The b
2、lack bike is mine.（形容词）Whats your name?（代词）They make paper flowers.（名词）说明1：当定语修饰不定代词：nothing, anything, everything, something 等时，定语在不定代词后面。如：I tell him something interesting. （形容词 interesting 作不定代词 something 的后置定语）He has something to do. （to do 为不定式作后置定语）说明2：短语或从句作定语时，也放在被修饰的名词之后。如：The boys in the r
3、oom are in Class Four. （in the room 是介词短语作 the boys 的后置定语。）定义：在复合句中充当定语的从句叫定语从句。功能：定语从句的作用相当于形容词，用来修饰主句中的某一名词或代词或整个主句，所以，也称作形容词性从句。位置：定语从句结构：先行词+ 引导词+ 定语从句概念：先行词： 被定语从句修饰的词定语从句：一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后引导词;： 在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词，有关系副词或关系代词1.先行词（被定语从句所修饰，总是出现在定语从句的前面）This is the boy who/that won the first prize
4、in the English Speech Competition.简单句 This is a boy. This boy won the first prize in the English Speech Competition.并列句 This is a boy and he own the first prize in the English speech competition.从并列句到定语从句的演变1. I saw a pretty girl, and she was playing the piano.从句: I saw a pretty girl who/ that was p
5、laying the piano.2. I admire a boy, and he was admitted into a key university.从句: I admire a boy who/ that was admitted into a key university.3. The wealthy man purchased a car, and it was broken yesterday.从句: The wealthy man purchased a car that/ which was broken yesterday.4.I have a friend, and hi
6、s father is a doctor.从句: I have a friend whose father is a doctor.总结：并列句-定语从句的演变注:1). 找同类词2). 省去相同的部分3). 选用关系词3.从定语从句到省略句的演变1. I saw a pretty girl,and she was playing the piano.从句: I saw a pretty girl who was playing the piano.省略: I saw a pretty girl playing the piano.2. I admire a boy, and he was a
7、dmitted into a key university.从句: I admire a boy who was admitted into a key university.省略: I admire a boy admitted into a key university.3. The wealthy man purchased a car, and it was broken yesterday从句: The wealthy man purchased a car that/ which was broken yesterday.省略: The wealthy man purchased
8、a car broken yesterday.4.I have a friend, and his father is a doctor.从句: I have a friend whose father is a doctor.省略: I have a friend 5:语法填空：1）I saw a pretty girl playing (play) the piano.2）I admire a boy admitted (admit) into a key university.3）This was the pen purchased (purchase) by me yesterday总
9、结：从定语从句到省略句的演变1). 省去关联词2). 省去be动词3)._ 定语从句的引导词有哪些？连词分类并列连词and, but, or, so, for并列、递进或顺承关系and, both.and., neither.nor., not only.but also., as well as转折、对比关系but, yet; while选择关系or, either.or., not.but.因果关系so, for从属连词that, which, when, where定从引导词关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose, as关系副词when, where, why
10、名从引导词从属连词that, whether, if连接代词what, who, whom, which, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever 连接副词where, when, why, how, wherever, whenever状从引导词时间状从when, while, as, before, after, till, until, since, as soon as, immediately, instantly, directly, the moment, the minute, hardly.when., no sooner.
11、than.地点状从where, wherever条件状从if, unless(=if not), so/ as long as, on condition that, in case, suppose/ supposing, provided/ providing原因状从because, for, as, since, now that, considering that目的状从so that, in order that, in case, for fear that结果状从so that, so/ such.that.方式状从as, as if/ though比较状从than, as.as
12、., not as/ so.as.让步状从although, though, even if/ though, as, while, what/who/when/where/however2.引导词（ 在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词，有关系代词或关系副词）关系代词which/that/who/whom/whose1） which指代的先行词是事物The noodles which/that/省略 I cooked were delicious.(作宾语)2） that指代的先行词既可以是人也可以是物例1：A plane is a machine that/which can fly.例2
13、：The man that/who was killed in the accident is Toms uncle.3) who/whom指代的先行词是人，whom是who的宾格形式，但在限制性定语从句中，且关系词不直接位于介词后面时，who可替代whom。例1：The girl whom/who/that/省略 you work with is his girl friend.=The girl with whom you work is his girl friend.4）whose指代的先行词即可是人也可是物，但whose后面必须接一个名词，不能单独使用，所以确切来说whose应该叫做
14、“关系形容词”，一般译为“.的”例1：He was a painter whose pictures were not well-known in his life time.例2：The tree whose leaves are red was planted last year.5）关系代词的省略问题。在限制性定语从句中，若关系代词在从句中充当宾语时，且关系词不直接位于介词后面时，可省略；在非限制性定语从句中，不能省略关系词例1（充当动宾）：I like the meal that/which/（省略）we had last night.例2（充当介宾）：Who is the man t
15、hat/who/（省略）you were talking to？=Who is the man to whom you were talking ？关系副词when、where、why1）when引导定语从句时，先行词必须是表示时间的名词，when在从句中充当时间状语，修饰从句谓语动词。例1：We will put off the picnic until next week when the weather may be better. 例2：The day when we stop learning is the day when we die.例3：（2016全国1）But my con
16、nection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s， I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.定语从句关系词的选择指代词成分分人物人和物主语that, whothat, whichthat宾语(that, which, whom)(that, which)that表语thatthatthat定语whos
17、ewhosewhose6. 先行词是人从句中缺宾语.例如：1).Do you know the man_/_/_/_ the teacher is talking to?= Do you know the man_ the teacher is talking?2).She is the person_/_/_/_ you should turn to for help.= She is the person_ you should turn for help7.先行词是物从句中缺主语.1)Aplaneisamachine_/_canfly2).I had a book _was bought
18、 yesterday.8.Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语)(1) They rushed over to help the man_ car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。(2) Please pass me the book _ cover (=_ the cover) is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。(3). The tourists, _ the eldest is 70 (the eldest of whom is 70), are from Singapore. I saw three films this month, two _
19、were very interesting.9.关系代词在从句中作表语，例如：1.He is not the boy _ he used to be .2;China is no longer the country_ it used to be.10.、当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时Can you remember the scientist and his theory_ we have learned?特殊情况：注意一：1） 先行词被形容词最高级修饰时，例如：This is the most interesting movie _ I have ever seen.（作宾语可省略）T
20、his is the most beautiful park_ we have visited.2）先行词被the very，the only the same, the last等修饰时，例如：This is the very book_ Im looking for.（作宾语，可省略）3）先行词被序数词修饰时，例如：The first thing _ we do in the morning is to clean the classroom.（作宾语，可省略）4）当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, no
21、ne, little, some等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much，each等修饰时.Have you taken down everything _ Mr. Li has said?5）当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时Who is the man_ is standing there? Which is the T-shirt_ fits me most?6)、当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时Can you remember the scientist and his theory_ we have le
22、arned?7）先行词是主句的表语或关系代词在从句中作表语，例如：He is not the boy _ he used to be. China is no longer the country_ it used to be.8).当在there be句型中，总结：在以上八种情况中通常只用关联词_不用_注意二： 宜用which而不用that的情况1. 在非限制性定语从句中。Bamboo is hollow, _ makes it light.2. 在关系词前有介词时。This is the room_Chairman Mao once lived.3. 当先行词本身是that时。The cl
23、ock is that_ can tell us the time.总结：在以上情况下通常只用关联词_不用_注意.三 先行词有下列词修饰时只能用as引导定语从句, 如as.as；so.as；such.as；the same+ 名词+as。You can buy as many books _you want in this bookstore. (as作want的宾语)Such computers_are used in our office are made in South Korea.(as作定语从句的主语) This jewel is the same one _I showed yo
24、u the other day. (as作showed的直接宾语)This jewel is the same one_ I showed you the other day.(that作showed的直接宾语）注意四.“the same + 名词 + as”(同名同物)与“the same + 名词 + that”(同名异物)的区别。 (1) She wore the same dress_she wore at Marys wedding. 她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。(2) She wore the same dress_ her young sister wore. 她穿着
25、和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。注意 五：定语从句suchas 与结果状语从句such that的区别：as在所引导的定语从句中作主语，宾语；that在结果状语从句中不做成分(3)He has such a good laptop_ I want to buy. (4)He has such a good laptop_ I want to buy one.总结：as 与that 的区分：练 习选择正确的关系代词填入题目中的空白处。(that which who whose whom )1.Do you see the bridge_was built last year2. The nurse _
26、 we talked with can speak English well.3. The old gentleman _ you met just now is a famous writer.4. The girl to _ I lent my bike works in a hospital.5. She was the brave girl _name is known to everybody.二关系副词：关系副词指示对象作用例句When时间状语1.Ill never forget the days _ I worked together with you.2.The time_we
27、 got together finally came.Where地点状语1.This is the mountain village_ _I stayed last year.2.The house _I lived ten years ago has been pulled down3.Shanghai is the city _ _I was born.Why原因状语(1) Please tell me the reason _you missed the plane.(2) I dont know the reason _ _he looks unhappy today.总结：关系副词（
28、在句中作状语）关系副词=介词+关系代词_=for which（先行词一般是reason）_=in/ at/ on/ . which (介词同先行词place搭配)_=during/ on/ in/ . which (介词同先行词time搭配) 某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的介词+关系词结构可以同关系副词when ,where和why 互换。where = in/at + whichwhen=in/on/at/during + which why = for whichwhose=of which/whom+the+物/人=the+物/人+of which/whom例如：1. This
29、is the house _ I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子。=This is the house _ I lived two years ago.2. Do you remember the day_ you joined our club？ 还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？=Do you remember the day _ you joined our club？3. This is the reason _he came late.=This is the reason_ he came late.4. the way为先行词的定语从句通常由in
30、 which, that引导，而且通常可以省略。The way in which/ that/省略he answered the question was surprising.判断改错 This is the mountain village where I visited last year.( ) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.( ) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.( )Ill never forget the d
31、ays (which) I spent in the countryside.( )二、非限定性定语从句：非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常和1.主句间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立 Her house, _ was built a hundred years ago, stood still in the earthquake. (那座房子在地震中依然耸立，它是一百多年前建造的。）2.在非限定性定语从句中，不能用that，而用who, whom代表人，用which代表事物,when where why 分别代表时间 ,地点,原因(做状语)3. as和which
32、引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是：1)、As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。Which还可指代主句中的某个词或短语。(1) He married her, as/which was natural.(2) He was honest, as/which we can see.2)、as 引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后，意为“这，这一点”。as有“正如，正像”的意思(1) As is known to all, China is a developi
33、ng country.(2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent.(3) John, as you know, is a famous writer.(4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I dont believe.Exercise 1：并列句改成定语从句1.She was the one ，and she did most of the talking。大部分时间都是她在说话。 1. The boy studies best in his class
34、 and I know him我认识的那个男孩在班上学习最好。2. I happened to meet the professor ,and I got to know him at a party. 我碰巧遇见了那位在一次聚会上认识的教授。3. Yesterday I came across a few friends and I went to the park with him.昨天 我碰见了几个朋友，我和他们一起去了公园。4. she is a teacher ?and her hair is very short.她是位头发很短的老师吗？5. He is the man and h
35、is car was stolen last night. 他就是昨晚被盗车辆的车主。6. I like the room and its window looks out to the sea.我喜欢那间窗户面向大海的房间。7. The train which has just left is for Shenzhen.刚开走的火车是驶往深圳的。8. The story was very popular and he told it.他讲的那个故事很有名。9. E-mail English is a new kind of written English and it is being us
36、ed to save time.电子邮件英语是一种可以节约时间的新型书面英语。10. Jack is no longer the person and I met him five years ago.杰克不再是五年前我见到的杰克了。 11. Theres the book and you are looking for. it 这正是你在找的书。12. Ill never forget the day and I won the prize on the day我永远不会忘记我获奖的那天。13. Do you remember the year and she went abroad in
37、the year你记得她出国的那一年吗？14. I still remember the time and I travelled by plane at the time.我仍然记得坐飞机旅行的那个时候。15. This is the mountain village and I stayed there last year.这就是我去年待过的山村。16. Keep the books in a place and you can find them easily.把书放在你容易找到的地方。17. The building where we are working was built fiv
38、e years ago.我们的办公大楼是五年前修的。18. Tell me the reason and she was late for it请告诉我她迟到的原因。20.I dont want to listen to any reason and you were absent for the reason我不想听任何你缺席的理由。Exercise2:定语从句改成省略句1.The person who spoke at the meeting just now is my brother.2.He has passed the driving test,whichsurprises all
39、 of us. 3.This is the play（戏剧）which was written by Shakespeare .4.He is the student who was punished by me.5.This is the house which was broken last night .6.I have a friend who often helps me.7.This is the book which was purchased by us.Homework: 书面表达假如你是李华,邀请外教Peter来本校的英语演讲比赛做评委.内容包含以下要点/1. 主题:人与自
40、然 2. 时间:下午两点到五点、3. 地点:501教室, 4,参加人数:10人4. 注意: 1. 词数100左右; 2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯的;_【课后练习之基础训练A组】1. I have a friend _ likes listening to classical music.2. Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress _ I gave her.3. The man _ leg broke in a match used to be a football player.4. My parents live in a house_
41、is more than 100 years old.5. The boy with _ John spoke is my brother.6. Is there anything _ you want to buy in the town.7. Opposite is St. Pauls Church, _ you can hear some lovely music.8. The first one _ stands up is a little boy.9. I remember the day _ I first met him.【课后练习之基础训练B组】1. Look out! Dont get too close to the house roof is under repair.2. I will never forget such a beautiful village I spend my childhood with my grandparents.3. The voice of China has set up a stage some people can realize their dreams. 4. I am looking for the days my daug