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1、应用文写作,一、简介 应用文是人们日常生活和工作中广泛使用的文体。书信、通知、请柬、便条、日记、演讲稿、倡议书、履历表都是常见的应用文体。,二、应用文的写作特点： 1、应用文的语言一般来说都比较规范，有其自身特定的语言表达方式，考生在平时要积累不同文体常用的套话及写作格式（如书信开头和结尾的套话要运用恰当，格式要正确）。 2、应用文的目的在于传达基本信息，在写作时要突出特点。 3、应用文的语言重在实用，要求语言平实、准 确、简洁，句子不要过长，最好让读者一眼就明白文章要表达的内容。 4、不同的文体应采用不同的时态，如：日记一般用过去时，海报、便条、通知采用一般将来时。,三、分类讲解 I 书信
2、英语书信一般分为商业信函（BUSINESS LETTERS）和私人书信（PERSONAL LETTERS）两种，包括请求信， 邀请信， 感谢信， 应聘信、投诉信等。格式如下：1.信头 （heading）2.称呼 （salution) 3.正文（body）4.结束语（complimentary close ）,5.签名（signature）,Xinghua High School Beijing,102600 China May 6, 2008,President George Hopkings Pace Middle School New York, NY 10038 USA,Yours si
3、ncerely， Li Xiuting （President of Xinghua High School）,Dear Mr. Hopkings,书信的基本格式,具体写法1、信头1）写信人的地址和日期，写在右上角。写地址由小到大：门牌号码、街名、城（县）名、省名、国名其顺序是：第一行：门牌和路名，或邮政信箱，楼房名称第二行：市（县），省，国名第三行：日期（月,年,日或日,月,年）2）收信人的姓名和地址这一部分低于写信人地址一至两行，写在左上角.,2. 称呼用语 写给机构的信一般用Gentleman, 如果知道对方是男士则常用Sir(s), 女士则用Madam(s), 相互认识的人之间一般用De
4、ar Hiltom,Professor Brown, Miss Li, Dear Comrade Luo等。,3.书信正文 书信正文就是一篇文章，可运用描述，议论，抒情，说明等各种方法写。怎么写取决于内容。 写回信，常应先提到收到对方的信，并表示谢意。常用的用语： Thank you for your letter of April 7, 2010 I was glad to receive your letter of April 4. I was most pleased to hear from you.,I have just received your letter. I am gl
5、ad to tell you that We are pleased to inform you that I am sorry to tell you that I learned that Sorry to reply to your letter so late.,4、 结束语:低于正文以一两行，从信笺的中间或偏右开始书写。第一个词的第一个字母要大写。结束用语后面一般用逗号。Best wishes / regards 祝好 All my best wishes.With my best respects and regards.Wishing you good luck / Succes
6、s /good health.Good luck to you. Give my love / regards to Remember me to your family.Say hello to everybody.Looking forward to hearing from you.,5、签名:写信人应在低于结束用语一或两行签字，即使是打印的，也应该亲笔签名。常用签名：用于机关或不太熟悉的人：Yours truly ; Yours faithfully; Yours sincerely 用于熟人之间：Yours sincerely；Very sincerely yours; 用于亲属。挚
7、友之间；Yours lovingly; Yours loving father/mother; yours; Yours ever; 用于对上级或长辈 Yours respectfully / Respectfully yours,1.你近来如何？ 2.收到你的来信很高兴。 3.我很高兴知道- 4.这是关于-的信息。 5.顺便提一下， 6.请你-好吗？ 7.我真盼望着- 8.给你最好的祝愿。,1. How are you? How have you been? How is everything going on with you?,2. How nice to hear from you.,
8、3. Im glad to know-,4. Here is the information about the coming sports meet. I am writing to tell/ ask you - You want to know what is going on in schools in China? Now, I will tell you about it.,5. By the way,6. Would you please-?,7. Im really looking forward to-,8. Best wishes. Best regards. All th
9、e best to you.,练一练以下写信套语,各种书信写法 1.投诉信：对商品质量问题、服务不满意等，向有关单位写信投诉，提出意见，属公务信函，用词较正规，无客套语。 常用句式： 1、我写信是为了投诉书店的服务质量。 I am writing to complain about (the poor service at your bookstore). 2、如果您能、我将非常感激。 I would appreciate it / be grateful/ be satisfied if you could kindly,3、我认为您有必要采取措施解决问题。 I think it neces
10、sary for you to do something /take some measures to solve the problem. 4、我希望问题可以得到尽早解决。 I do hope that the problems can be solved as soon as possible. 5、我相信你们从现在开始会认真对待这件事情，并努力避免此类 事情再次发生。 I believe that you will take this issue seriously from now on and try every means to prevent its recurrence.,投诉
11、信习作： You are required to write a letter of complaint to the headmaster about the library. The letter should included the following information. some seats are always occupied; the environment is too noisy to study; some library staff are rude to the student .,Dear President, My name is Li Ming. I am
12、 writing to you today to intimate with some undesirable things that I have found in the library. You may not realize so much our library, the landmark of our school, weighs in our minds. It is a place we are most proud of and where we like to spend most of our time. In such a decent place we have no
13、ticed recently some phenomena, which hurt our eyes and mind. Some seats are “permanently occupied,vacant seats.” Some other students are too noisy, talking among themselves, leaving mobile phone beeping anytime. And some library staff is ill mannered and rude. These and other things have already don
14、e damage to the fame of our university and caused a lot of inconvenience to the users. Dear President, we hope that something can be done to reverse the current situations. Let our cozy, quiet, effective library come back. Best wishes, Yours sincerely, Li Ming,2.感谢信,感谢信的写作主要分以下三个部分。 首先开头要明确的对对方提供的帮助
15、或赠送的礼品表示谢意。 主体部分则需列举对方提供的帮助，说明该帮助所起的作用，或表达对所受礼品的喜爱以及以后如何使用及收藏等。 结尾部分需再次表达诚挚的谢意并问候对方。,感谢信开头段常用句子： * I am writing this letter to thank you for* I am writing to show my sincere appreciation for* I would like to convey in this letter my heartfelt thanks to you for* I feel deeply indebted to you and I re
16、ally dont know how to thank you enough for your help.* I am writing these few lines to express my sincere thanks, not only to yourself but to * This letter is to express my thanks and appreciation for,感谢信结尾段常用句子： * I hope you will give me the chance to return your kindness.* Please accept my gratitu
17、de, now and always.* I must thank you again for your generous help.* My true gratitude is beyond the words description.* I am most grateful for your selfless donation.,感谢信常用词汇： appreciate, beyond words, convey, express, courtesy, generosity, grateful gratitude, hospitality, satisfy,hospitable, timel
18、y,friendly,假设你是李华，昨天参加了美国朋友David的生日聚会，请写封感谢信，表达你对聚会的喜爱和对David的祝福。 注意： 1适当展开想象，语意连贯，结构完整。词数不少于120。 2不能写成诗歌形式；不能使用真实姓名和学校名称。,March 18, 2010 Dear David, Im writing to express my grateful feeling to you. Thank you for inviting me to your birthday party last night, which brought me lots of entertainment.
19、 During the party, what impressed me most was your happy family. Both your parents love you very much and were enthusiastic over me. I really enjoyed it because it made me feel at home. And the dessert and other snacks you,offered me were tasty. In addition, the light music and candle light created
20、a nice and warm atmosphere. On an account of that, I was able to open my heart to your other friendly and active friends like brothers and sisters. Thanks again for your dinner. Im in the hope that youll be as delighted as last night forever. And the unforgettable experience will be stored in my min
21、d forever. Yours ever, Li Hua,3. 求职信： 求职信分为推荐信和自荐信两种，它是书面表达的重要体裁之一，也是高考书面表达的热点内容。写求职信可按下列七个步骤进行。 下面举例说明： 假设你叫李平，你从报上得知某公司欲招聘一名英语翻译，请你给该公司经理写一份求职信，你的个人资料如下：,1.简况：姓名，李平；年龄，30岁；身高，1.80米；健康状况，良好；业余爱好，游泳、唱歌、跳舞。2.简历：1994年北京大学毕业后分配到南通中学工作，1996年调至苏州中学工作至今。 3.工作：工作认真负责，与人相处融洽。4.特长：精通英语，尤其口语，已将多本中文书籍译成英语，懂一些日
22、语、能用日语与外宾对话。联系电话：3654731联系地址：苏州市人民路一号,第一步：介绍消息来源介绍消息来源实际上是求职信的开篇交待句，它可使求职信显得自然、顺畅；而不介绍消息来源，会使收信人感到意外、突然，文章也缺乏过渡、照应，本文消息来源可作如下介绍：Dear manager，I learned from the newspaper that your company wanted to hire an English translator.第二步：表明求职心愿介绍完消息来源后，应向收信人表明自己的求职心愿，即写信的目的，本文求职心愿可作如下介绍：Im interested in this
23、 job very much. Id like to get this job.,第三步：介绍个人简历某单位需要新人，求职人也有求职心愿，但这并不意味着这项工作非你莫属。如果你没有干好这项工作的经历、实力，也是难以适应的。因此，介绍个人简历是必不可少的。本文个人简历可介绍如下：Now Id like to introduce myself to you. My name is Li Ping. Im 30 years old. Im 180 cm tall. Im healthy. I like swimming，singing and dancing in my spare time. I
24、graduated from Beijing University in 1994.Then，I went to work in Nantong Middle School.In 1996，I began to work in Suzhou Middle School and I have worked there until now.,第四步：摆出求职优势仅有一定的工作经历而没有自身的优势和特长，也很难求得称心如意的工作。因此，求职时应表明自己除了具有一定的工作经历之外，还具有一定的优势和特长，这样才能稳操胜券。本文可通过如下方法摆出自己的优势：I work hard and I can g
25、et along well with others. Im good at English and especially my spoken English is very good. Ive translated many Chinese books into English. I can understand Japanese and I can talk to foreigners in Japanese freely.,第五步：提出获职打算丰富的工作经验，一定的优势和特长，只能代表过去和现在的情况，如果获职后自以为心愿已了，从此高枕无忧，马虎从事，那也是得不到用人单位认可的。显然表明获
26、职后努力工作的决心是感动用人单位的领导从而顺利谋得此项工作的重要一环。 本文获职打算可作如下介绍： If you agree with me，Ill work hard and try to be a good translator.,第六步：请求答复联系如果单位领导同意了你的求职要求，你必然要请他和你联系，以便你及时做好准备，到用人单位应聘或报到。为准确起见，请求答复联系时你还应当提供你的通讯地址、邮政编码、电话号码、电子信箱等。本文答复联系的内容可作如下介绍：If you agree with me，please write a letter to me or phone me. I li
27、ve at No.1 Renmin Road，Suzhou city. My telephone number is 3654371.,第七步：表明感激之情无论你的请求是否能够得到满意的答复，你给用人单位写信就是给对方添了麻烦，因此你应向对方表明感激之情。本文可这样来表明感激之情：Thank you very much. 上述七步内容联成一个整体，再加上下面的信尾，就成为一封完整的求职信。Yours Truly LiPing,实战训练：假如你是王林，李明是你的好友，他对Brown先生的公司（firm）感兴趣，打算到该公司谋职（apply for a position）。请根据下面李明的简历表，
28、用英语写一封推荐信，词数120左右。姓名：李明，性别：男，国籍：中国， 出生地：山东济南，婚否：已婚，出生日期：1968.5.1，通讯地址：济南市人民路148号， 电话：6600537，教育程度：大学，职业：律师，外语水平：擅长英语、懂些日语，其他：有三年工作经验，办事认真，待人诚恳，与人相处和睦,Dear Mr.Brown， My friend-Li Ming wants to apply for a position with your firm. Now，Id like to introduce my friend to you. Li Ping graduated from a col
29、lege three years ago and since then he has worked as a lawyer. He is good at English and knows some Japanese. He works hard and is careful in everything he does. He is honest，kind and easy to get on with. He was born on May 1，1968 in Jinan，Shandong Province，China.,He is married and lives at No.148 R
30、enmin Road，Jinan city.He shows great interest in your firm. If he is accepted，he will do his best. Im sure he will be fit for the position. If you agree with him，please write a letter to him，his telephone number is 6600537. Thanks very much! Yours truly, Wang Lin,4. 邀请信 结构要点:邀请信是邀请收信人参加某项活动的书信，包含三个方
31、面：1.邀请对方参加活动的内容、时间和地点；2. 与该活动有关的注意事项；3.期待对方接受邀请，并可表示感谢。,非正式邀请信：Write a letter to one of your high school classmates who is in a nearby city, and invite him/her to your city at this weekend. Some necessary details must be included. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using “Li Ming”
32、instead. Dear Linda, We havent seen each other for six years after graduation. I am so glad to hear that you have graduated from UCLA and come back to work in Suzhou. If you are free this Saturday, please come to Shanghai and have a good time with me.,We can first go to the Century Park, where the f
33、lowers are all in blossom. Lets go boating on the lake isnt it pleasant in the cool breeze? Then I will treat you to dinner at a western restaurant on Huaihai Roadit is small but really niceIm sure you will enjoy it. After dinner, lets go to a concertyou are a music lover, arent you?If you couldnt c
34、ome, please notify me before Friday. If you can, please tell me which train you will take and I will meet you at the railway station.I am looking forward to meeting you. Sincerely yours, Li Ming,正式邀请信： 语言注意点:邀请信叙事一定要清楚、明白。如写给朋友，可选用活泼、真诚的言辞；如写给长辈、上级、名人等，则语言应正式、礼貌。Write a letter to invite a famous pro
35、fessor to give a lecture to the English postgraduate students in your university. Some necessary details must be included. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using “Li Ming” instead.,Dear Professor Michael Hutchison,We are very glad to hear that you are attending an international c
36、onference in Beijing. We are writing this letter to inquiry the possibility of inviting you to deliver a lecture on American literature for our postgraduate students on the evening of June 16.We have long been noticed that you have done a lot of substantial and creative work in this field. Two of yo
37、ur books have become textbooks for our students for several years. So all of us believe your lecture will benefit our students and teaching staff alike.,If you can manage to come, please tell us the number of your flight and we will meet you at the airport. If you cant make it, please also let us kn
38、ow.We are looking forward to your coming. Sincerely yours, Li Ming,II 日记 日记是每日生活的记载，是一种记事文体。一、日记的格式英文日记通常由书端和正文两个部分组成。日记常以第一人称记下当天生活中的所见、所闻、所做或所想的事情。中、英文的日记三格式大致一样。英语日记的书端是专门写日记的日期、星期和天气的。左上角是日期(年、月、日)、星期。右上角写上当天的天气情况，如：Sunny, Fine, Rainy, Windy, Snowy, Cloudy等。,1、日期表达有多种形式。年、月、日都写时，通常以月、日、年为顺序，月份可以
39、缩写，日和年用逗号隔开。例如： March 18, 2010 或者 Mar. 18, 2010A) September 1, 2009或September 1st, 2009也可省略写成Sept. 1, 2009或Sept. 1st, 2009； B) the 1st of September in 2004(月份不可以缩写) ,只有月、日September 1或September 1st(月份可以缩写) C)只有年、月September 2004或the September of 2004(月份不可以缩写) 以上的1或1st都应读作the first。,2.星期也可以省略不写，可将其放在日期
40、前或后，星期和日期之间不用标点，但要空一格，星期也可缩写。如：Saturday, October 22nd, 2009； October 22nd, 2009 Saturday 3.天气情况必不可少。天气一般用一个形容词如 :Sunny, Fine, Rainy, Snowy 等表示。写在日期之后，用逗号隔开，位于日记的右上角。如：Saturday, March 4, 2010, Windy，1st January, 2010, Fine,二、日记的要求日记的正文是日记的主要部分，写在星期和日期的正下方，可以顶格写，也可以内缩3至5个字母的空间。由于记载的内容通常已经发生，谓语动词多用一般过去
41、时。但也可根据具体情况，用其它时态。如：记叙天气、描写景色，为了描写生动，可以使用现在时，以表现当时的情景。再如文后发表感想或评论可用现在时态或将来时态。记日记力求简单明了，有连贯性。若有文字提示，则应重视提示，把握要点。,Saturday, April 17 Rainy I had an unforgettable experience today. This morning, I was on my way to deliver letters _ I noticed dark clouds _ in the sky. _, I took off my jacket and covered
42、 the letters with it. _, it started to rain. When I came to a new address and handed a letter to a little girl _ a raincoat, I was wet through. _ saying anything, I hurriedly continued my journey. _ I heard the girl shouting behind,“Wait a minute, Uncle!” I stopped and turned round. _, the girl ran
43、up and handed me her own raincoat, _, “Take this to keep off the rain.” Looking at the raincoat, I felt warm at heart.,when,gathering,Immediately,Before long,in,Without,Suddenly,To my surprise,saying,III 通知,1、口头通知是主事人或主事部门向相关对象口头传达或发布的通知。传达叙述要尽量口语化，内容要项的表述要简明扼要，发布的信息要准确。口头通知的形式简单，无需发布通知的时间和发布通知的地点,若
44、无必要,也可略去发布通知的主事人或主事部门。通知内容直接叙述。,1.口头通知常用称呼语，如:Ladies and gentlemen，Boys and girls等。2.为了提醒注意,口头通知开头常用下列提示语:May I have your attention，please.，I have something important to tell you!” “ Please be quiet.”等。3.口头通知发布完毕,通常用结束语，如:Thats all.，Thank you.等，以表示礼貌。口头通知发布人通常用第一人称。,Announcement,Ladies and gentlemen
45、, Dear friends,/ Boys and girls,May I have you attention please?/Attention, please!,Thats all. Thank you.,通知套语背一背：,Ladies and Gentleman, Attention please! Im very glad to tell you that an English lecture will be held at 2:00 pm on May 4. It will be held in the reading-room. It will be given by Profe
46、ssor Donald White from Illinois University. He is on a visit to our school. Professor White will give us a talk on the difference between American English and British English pronunciations. I think you will be interested in it. After the lecture, well have a discussion on the subject. Im sure well
47、learn a lot from it. Please attend the lecture on time. Dont forget to take notes while listening. Thats all. Thank you.,Ladies and Gentleman,Attention please!,Thats all. Thank you.,Im very glad to,I think,Im sure,1, 2, 3, 4,Please attend,the lecture on time. Dont forget to take notes while listenin
48、g.,2、书面通知,书面通知即告示，是主事人或主事部门以书面形式向相关对象，以布告的形式张贴或写在布告牌栏上的常见实用文体。书面通知一般篇幅短小，言简意骇。 需要写明事件、地点、时间和告之对象。,书面通知的一般格式如下:1.书面通知正文上面正中，往往用NOTICE一词。2.正文表述可采用叙述形式。也可以用广告形式突出某个部分(如主题、人物、时间、地点)。文字力求简明扼要，一个句子可分为几行书写，分行书写时，尽量居中，各行的第一个字母须大写。3.通知发布日期一般写在正文的左下角（在落款的下一行）或右上角（在notice的下一行）。4.发布通知的主事部门或主事人。一般写在正文后的右下角，也可写在NOTICE的正上方。,Notice,The StudentsUnion May 4, 2010,通知的格式：,范文 Notice It has been decided that an English writing composition will be held in our school. All the students are welcome to take part in the competition. The compositions must be about the lives of us st