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1、-英语中几个常见连词and-but-or的用法汇-第 11 页英语中几个常见连词and,but,or的用法汇总and的六点用法(1) 表示联合，意为“和”、“又”、“而且”：We were cold and hungry. 我们饥寒交迫。I woke up and got out of bed. 我醒了就起床了。He played the piano and she sang. 他弹钢琴，她唱歌。(2) 有时用于连接两个相同的词语，表示连续性：The train ran faster and faster. 火车开得越来越快。We waited for hours and hours. 我们一
2、直等了好几个小时。The boys laughed and laughed. 这些孩子笑个不停。【注】但有时连接两个相同名词表示不同的质量和种类：There are dictionaries and dictionaries. 词典很多，有好有坏。Dont worrythere are rules and rules. 别担心规则与规则不一样。(3) 在口语中用在 come, go, run, stay, stop, try 等之后表示目的，大致相当于不定式符号 to：Come and have tea with me. 过来跟我一起喝杯茶。We ought to stop and think
3、. 我们应该停下来想一想。(4) 有时用在祈使句后，表示结果，意为“那么”：Work hard and youll succeed. 努力干吧，你会成功的。Arrive late once more and youre fired. 你再迟一次，你就会被开除。比较：If you work hard, youll succeed. 如果你努力干，你会成功的。(5) 有时表示对比(有类似but的意思)：He is rich, and (yet) leads a modest life. 他很富有，但却过着朴素的生活。Robert is secretive and David is candid.
4、罗伯特深藏不露，而戴维则有啥说啥。(6) 用在 good, nice, fine 等之后，表示“很”，“挺”：Its nice and cool under the tree. 这树下很凉快。The book is good and expensive. 这本书很贵。or的用法归纳表示选择，意为“或”“还是”：Is the radio off or on? 无线电关上了还是开着的?Would you prefer tea or coffee? 你喜欢茶还是咖啡？Is he asleep or awake? 他睡着了还是醒着?Are you going to America by boat or
5、 by air? 你到美国是坐船还是坐飞机？You may go or stay, according as you decide. 是去是留由你自己决定。Are you from North China or South China? 你是华北人还是华南人?You can come now or you can meet us there later. 你可以现在来，也可以稍晚和我们在那里碰头。表示一种否定的条件，意为“否则”：Come on, or well be late. 快点，否则我们要迟到了。Hurry up, or youll be late for school. 赶快，否则你
6、上学就要迟到了。Dress warmly, or else youll catch cold. 穿暖和点，否则你会感冒的。Be careful, or youll break that vase! 小心，否则你会把那花瓶打碎!Cross the road very carefully. Look both ways, or you might be knocked down. 过马路要非常小心，要看两边，不然会被车撞倒。可表示“要不就是”：He must be joking, or else hes mad. 他一定在说笑话，要不就是疯了。The book must be here, or e
7、lse youve lost it. 这书一定在这儿，要不就是你丢失了。用于否定句中代替and。He was not clever or good-looking. 他不聪明，也长得不好看。比较：They sang and danced. 他们既唱歌又跳舞。They didnt sing or dance. 他们既没有唱歌也没有跳舞。用于习语The work is more or less finished. 工作大体上完成了。They consist of 1700 or more tribes. 他们由1700个或更多部族构成。Theres just one or two details
8、I want to make sure about. 还有一两个细节我想弄清楚。Either your mother or your father may come with you. 你母亲或是你父亲会陪你去。but的用法举例1. 连接词或短语It was a sunny but not very warm day. 那一天天气晴朗，却不太暖和。He drives not carefully but slowly. 他开车不是很小心，而是开得很慢。2. 连接句子This isnt a good one but it will answer. 这不太好，但可以将就用。He looks hone
9、st, but actually hes a rogue. 他看起来很老实，实际他是一个坏蛋。She has had no answer to him but he gave no answer. 我向他说了早上好，但他没有回应。The ice remained, but there was no water underneath. 冰还在，但下面却没有水。Mrs. Brown was about to begin, but Jennie spoke first. 布朗夫人正要开始讲话，珍妮先讲了。At first he was a little shy, but now he acts mo
10、re natural. 开始时他有些腼腆但现在他表现得很自然了。There was a little trouble at first, but things were soon quiet. 起初有点小麻烦后来情况就平静了。3. 用于句首But that question doesnt arise. 但没发生那个问题。But in secret she was delighted. 但她暗中感到高兴。But what else can we do? 我们还能做什么?But in the end he gave in. 但最后他还是让步了。But theres one thing we are
11、 agreed on. 但有一点大家的意见是一致的。4. 用于道歉的表达之后Sorry, but were behind schedule. 抱歉，我们落在计划后了。Im frightfully sorry, but I cant see you today. 太对不起了，我今天不能见你。Excuse me, but I dont think thats quite true. 很抱歉，我认为这与事实略有出入。5. 用于notbut，表示“不是而是”Not you but I am to blame. 不是你的错而是我的错。6. 用在某些否定语后，表示“只”： He eats nothing
12、but hamburgers. 他只吃汉堡包。She knows no one but you. 她只认识你。You have nobody but yourself to blame. 只能怪你自己。No one but me saw her. 只有我看见他。7. 用于next (last) but one 中，表示“隔壁再过去”“倒数第”He lives in the next house but one. 他住在隔壁再过去一家。He was the last but one to arrive. 他是倒数第二个到的。8. cant help but 不由得不You cant help b
13、ut respect them. 你不由得不尊敬他们。When they gave him a ticket to the game, he couldnt help but go. 他们给了他一张看球赛的票，他不由得不去。I cant help but wonder what I should do next. 我不由得不想知道下一步该怎么办。【注意】不要按汉语意思将“虽然但是”直译为althoughbut：误：Though we are poor, but we are happy. (去掉though或but中任一个)either.or.与 neither.nor.一、either.or
14、. either.or.意为或者或者；不是就是之意。表示两者之一，连接句子中两个并列的成分。例如： When the girlis happy, she either sings or dances. 那个女孩高兴时，不是唱就是跳。(此句中either.or.连接两个动词，因为主语是单数第三人称，谓语动词要用其相应的形式。) either.or.连接两个主语时，其谓语动词应与最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就是我们通常说的就近原则。例如： Either you or I am going there tomorrow. 明天要么你去那里，要么我去那里。 注意：如果把上句变成一般疑问句，助
15、动词形式与主语you保持一致，所以要用are提问，而不是am。例如： Are either you or I going there tomorrow? 明天是你还是我去那里？ Either you or he has lunch at school. 其一般疑问句应为：Do either you or he have lunch at school? 是你还是他在学校吃午饭？ 若要对either.or.句型进行否定时，只需把either.or.换成neither.nor.即可。例如： Either you or she is good at drawing. 变为否定句应为：Neither
16、you nor she is good at drawing. 你和她都不擅长绘画。 我们还可以单独使用either，其意为两者中的任何一个。例如： There are many shops on either side of the street. 街道两边有许多商店。这个句子也可以这样表达：There are many shops on both sides of the street. 在街道两边有许多商店。 either用在否定句的句末，表示也的意思。例如： If you dont go there. I wont, either. 如果你不去那里，我也不去。 二、neither.no
17、r. neither.nor.表示既不也不。其含义是否定的，可连接任意两个并列的成份。例如： She likes neither butter nor cheese. 她既不喜欢黄油也不喜欢乳酪。此句中neither.nor.连接两个宾语。当neither.nor.连接两个主语时，也应遵循就近原则。例如： Neither dad nor mum is at home today. 今天父母都不在家。 若将neither.nor.句型变为肯定句，只需把neither.nor.改为both.and.即可，同时谓语动词必须用复数形式。例如： Both dad and mum are at home
18、today. 今天父母都在家。 还可以单独使用neither作主语，表示两者中没有一个。例如： Neither of them likes football. 他们俩都不喜欢足球。 neither或nor还有另外一种用法，就是当表达一个人没有做某事，另一个人也没做同一类事时，可用neither或nor进行简略回答，其结构为：Neither / Nor+助动词 / 情态动词/ be动词+主语。例如： He doesnt go to school by bike. Neither / Nor do I. 他不是骑自行车上学，我也不是。 They didnt go to the park yeste
19、rday. Neither / Nor did we. 昨天他们没去公园，我们也没去。并列连词 not only.but also.用法归纳not only.but also. 表示“不仅而且”“既又”，用于连接两个性质相同的词或短语。如：Not only men but also women were chosen. 不仅仅是男的，女的也有被选中的。We were not only hungry, but also tired. 我们不但饿了，而且也累了。She likes not only music but also sport. 她不但喜欢音乐而且喜欢运动。She not only p
20、lays well, but also writes music. 她不仅很会演奏，而且还会作曲。We go there not only in winter, but also in summer. 我们不仅冬天去那儿，而且夏天也去。另外，在使用not onlybut also时还应注意以下几点：1. 有时可将but also分开用，即将but视为普通的并列连词，用于连接两个句子，然后将also用于句中（用谓语动词用在一起）。如：Hes not only very fast, but hes also got marvellous technique. 他不仅很快，而且技术高超。2. 该结构
21、中的also有时可以省略，或将also换成too, as well（置于句末）。如：He not only washed the car, but polished it too as well. 他不仅冲洗汽车，而且还擦拭了它。His name is known not only in Japan, but in China. 他不仅在日本出名，而且在中国也出名。3. 有时因为语境的需要，not onlybut also也可能用于连接两个性质不同的词或短语，但这多半因为承前省略的原因。如：He not only goes to work on weekdays, but also on we
22、ekends. 他不仅工作日去上班，在周末也去上班。句中的not only后接的是谓语goes to，而but also后接的却是状语 on weekends，可视为but also后承前省略了谓语动词 goes to work。4. 当not onlybut also连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数原则上与其相近的主语保持一致。如：Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film. 不仅学生们在欣赏这部影片，他们的老师也在欣赏这部影片。5. 为了强调，可将not only置于句首，此时其后的句子通常要用部分倒装的形
23、式。如：Not only has she been late three times, she has also done no work. 她不仅仅迟到了3次，她还没干一点活。Not only do they need clothing, but they are also short of water. 他们不但需要衣服，而且还缺水。有时也可见到不倒装的情形，此时主要见于but also后接省略结构的情况（省略只剩下主语）。如：Not only my mother was unhappy, but Marian, too. 不仅我母亲不快乐，玛丽安也不快乐。并列连词eitheror用法归纳
24、eitheror主要用于表示选择，其意为“要么要么”“或者或者”，用于连接两个性质相同的词或短语。如：You can have either this one or that one. 你拿这个或那个都可以。 You must either go at once or wait till tomorrow. 你要么马上走，要么等到明天。 We can finish the work either this week or next week. 不是这星期就是下星期我们就可完成这项工作。在具体使用not onlybut also时还应注意以下几点：1. eitheror连接两个成分作主语时，谓语
25、动词通常与其靠近的主语保持一致。如：Either you or I am to go. 你或我必须有人去。 Either he or you are right. 要么他对，要么你对。 但在非正式文体中，有时也会一律用复数谓语。如：If either David or Janet come, they will want a drink. 大卫或珍妮特来的话，是会要喝酒的。 2. eitheror除可连接两个词或短语外，有时也可连接两个句子。如：Either you must improve your work or I shall dismiss you. 要么你改进工作，要么我就辞退你。
26、Either youll leave this house or Ill call the police. 你要是不离开这座房子，我就叫警察来。 3. eitheror的否定式可以是not eitheror，也可以是neithernor.。如：He didnt either write or phone.=He neither wrote nor phoned. 他既没写信又没打电话。 注意，正如不能说eithernot 一样(但可说noteither)，英语习惯上也不说eitherornot，如不能说：Either he or his wife hasnt come. 可改为：Neither
27、 he nor his wife has come. 注意这些句子中的并列连词有这样一道题，该选哪个答案？注意与句中的并连词有关：They werent a particularly good team, but they refused to give in and _ defeat.A. acceptB. acceptedC. acceptingD. to have accepted容易误选B，误认为 accepted 与谓语 refused 并列。其实，最佳答案为A，动词 accept 与 give 并列。请看类例：(1) Mother told Jim to watch the mil
28、k until it boiled and then _ off the gas.A. turnB. turningC. turnedD. having turned答案为A，turn off the gas 与 watch the milk until it boiled 并列。(2)He just does what he pleases and never _ about anyone else. A. thinkB. thinksC. thinkingD. thought答案选B，thinks 与前面的 does 为并列谓语，同用一般现在时。(3)I dont know whether
29、 to stay in teaching or _ another job. A. trying gettingB. to try to getC. trying to getD. try get答案选B，to stay in teaching 与to try to get another job 为两个并列的选择成分，故同用不定式。另外比较：try to do sth=设法做某事，try doing sth=做某事看看有何效果。连词because用法详解1. 表示原因，语气较强，可用来回答 why 提出的问题。如：A：Why do you love her? 你为什么爱她?B：Because
30、 she is kind. 因为很善良。2. because 除经常用于引导原因状语从句外，还可引出表语从句或用于强调句等。如：It is because youre eating too much. 那是因为你吃得太多了。It was because I wanted to buy a dictionary that I went to town yesterday. 我昨天是由于想买本字典而进城的。3. 汉语说“因为所以”，但英语却不能用 becauseso这样的结构。如：因为我病了半年，所以把工作丢了。误：Because I was ill for six months, so I lo
31、st my job.正：Because I was ill for six months, I lost my job.正：I was ill for six months, so I lost my job.4. 汉语说“之所以是因为”，英语可以类似以下这样的句型（用that比用 because普通）。如：The reason (why) Im late is that because I missed the bus. 我迟到的原因是因为我没有赶上公共汽车。传统语法认为这类句型不能用 because, 但在现代英语中用because 的情形已很普遍。5. 在notbecause这一结构中，
32、not 有时否定主句，有时否定从句，具体视语境而定。一般说来，若 not 否定主句，最好在because 之前用逗号，否则会引起歧义，如下句在没有特定上下文时就有两种解释：I didnt go because I was afraid.这个句子既可理解为“我没有去是因为怕”，也可理解为“我不是因为怕才去”。但是，如果because之前有副词just修饰，一般认为not是否定从句而不是主句。如：You shouldnt get angry just because some people speak ill of you. 你不要因为有人说你坏话而生气。6. 有时可引导一个句子作主语，此时通常采
33、用just because这样的形式，并且主句谓语动词通常（当然不是一定）为mean。如：Just because you speak English doesnt mean you can teach it. 你会说英语并不意味着你能教英语。Just because youre old doesnt mean you have to be idle. 只是因为你年纪大了，这并不意味着你就应该懒散不活动。Because you have words with your wife is no reason to smash up things. 你和你的妻子吵架并不能成为摔东西的理由。7. 用于
34、构成复合介词because of，其后可接名词、代词、 动名词、what 从句（但不能是that从句或没有引导词的从句）等。如：He is here because of you (that). 他为你（那事）而来这里。We said nothing about it, because of his wifes being there. 因为他妻子在那儿，我们对此只字未提。He left the company because of what the boss said at the meeting. 他离开了这家公司，是因为老板在会上讲的话。8. because of通常用来引导状语，而用于
35、不引导表语（引导表语时可用 due to）。如：误：His absence is because of the rain.正：His absence is due to the rain. 他因雨未来。但是，若主语是代词（不是名词），则它引出的短语也可用作表语。如：It is because of hard work. 那是因为辛苦工作的原因。It will be because of money. 那将都是因为钱的原因。although与 though的同与异1. 用作连词，表示“虽然”，两者大致同义，可换用，只是 although 比 though 更为正式。如：Though Althou
36、gh theyre expensive, people buy them. 虽然它们很昂贵，人们还是买。2. although 一般不用作副词，而 though 可用作副词，表示“可是”“不过”。如：I expect youre rightIll ask him, though. 我认为你说得对我去问问他也好。She promised to phone. I heard nothing, though. 她答应要打电话来. 可我没听到回信儿。这样用的though通常位于句末，但有时位于句首的though也有这样的意思。如：他说他要付钱，然而我认为他不会付的。正：He says hell pay
37、, though I dont think he will.正：He says hell pay; I dont think he will, though.3. 在 as though（好像，仿佛），even though（即使，纵然）等固定短语中，不能用 although代替though。如：She treats me as though I were a stranger. 她待我仿佛我是一个陌生人。Hes the best teacher even though he has the least experience. 他尽管经验最少，但教得最好。4. 两者均可用于省略句，通常见于主句
38、与从句主语相同，且从句谓语含有动词be的情形。如：Although Though (it was) built before the war, the engine is still in perfect order. 尽管是战前制造的，这台发动机仍然处于良好状态。Although Though (he is) still young he is going very grey. 尽管他还年轻他的头发却已变得灰白。Although Though (she was) in pain, she bravely blinked back her tears. 她虽然很疼痛，但还是硬把眼泪抑制住了。5
39、. 当though用于倒装形式，它不能换成although，但可换成as。Successful though as he is, he is not proud. 他虽然成功，但不骄傲。Much though as I like you, I couldnt live with you. 我尽管很喜欢你, 却不能和你在一起生活。Try though as I would, I could not make her change her mind. 不管我多努力，也不能让她改变主意。Surrounded though as we were by the enemy, we managed to
40、march forward. 虽然我们被敌人包围着，但我们还是设法前进了。Raining hard though as it is, Im going out for a walk. 虽然正在下着大雨，我还是要出去散步。注意，若倒装后置于句首的是名词时，其前习惯上不用冠词或其他限定词。如：Expert though as he was, he failed. 他虽是专家，但还是失败了。Big puzzle though as it was, it hadnt got the better of Jim. 虽然是个大难题，但仍没有难倒吉姆。6. 不要按汉语“虽然但是”的表达习惯，在 althou
41、gh 后连用 but。如：虽然他只是个业余爱好者，但却是一流的高手。误：Although hes only an amateur, but hes a first-class player.正：Although hes only an amateur, hes a first-class player.但是在强调时，although 可与 yet, still 等副词连用。如：Though he seems happy, yet he is worried. 虽然他看起来很幸福，但他实际上很烦恼。值得一提的是，在某些特定的语境中，although 与 but 连用的句子是可能的（注：but 引
42、出的句子在 although 从句之前）。如：But I didnt know that then, although I learned it later. 但我当时的确不知道此事，尽管后来还是知道了。He wanted to go abroad, but although he had some money he couldnt afford it. 他想出国，尽管他有些钱，但还是负担不起。but与however有何区别两者均可表示转折或对比，意为“但是”“可是”“然而”等，但有区别：1. 表示转折时，but 是连词，用于连接词、短语或句子。如：He is young but very e
43、xperienced. 他虽年轻，但经验很丰富。2. however表示“然而”“可是”时，有的词书认为它是连词，有的词书认为它是副词。之所以将其视为副词，也许是因为像许多副词一样不仅能位于句首，而且能位于句中(注意前后使用逗号)，甚至句末(注意其前也用逗号)。如：Later, however, he changed his mind. 可是他后来改变了主意。He hasnt arrived. He may, however, come later. 他还没有到，不过他等会儿可能会来。He said that it was so; he was mistaken, however. 他说情况如
44、此，可是他错了。注：以上各例中的however不能换成but，但可用but来改写：He said that it was so, but he was mistaken. 他说情况如此，可他错了。连词unless 与 if . not 的用法区别连词unless 与 if . not 都可表示否定的条件，有时可换用。如：Come tomorrow unless I phone if I dont phone. 要是我没有打电话，明天就来。You wont catch the train unless you hurry if you dont hurry. 你要是不赶快，你就赶不上火车了。但是
45、在下列情况下，通常要用 if . not 而不用 unless：1. 当所述条件要引出一种新的想法或情况(而不是结束已存在的想法或状态)时。如：Ill be angry if Im not invited to the party. 如果不邀请我参加晚会，我会生气的。(即“不邀请我去参加晚会”会导致一种新情况“我会生气”)I will be surprised if he doesnt have an accident. 他要是不出事，我倒感到奇怪了。(即“他不出事”会导致一种新情况“我感到奇怪”)2. 当要引出一个表示假想的(imaginary)条件句时。如：If he werent so
46、silly, he would understand. 他要不是那样傻的话，他就会明白了。(实际上他很傻)If I hadnt stopped her, she would have jumped down. 要不是我阻止了她，她就跳下去了。(实际上我阻止了她)注：偶尔可见到 unless 用于假想条件句，但有不少语法家反对这一用法，建议学生不要模仿。顺便说一句，unless 有时用于引出一个补充前言的话(此时通常用破折号而不用逗号且不能用 if . not 替换)，此时若谈论的是过去的情况，注意不要与表示想象的条件句相混淆。如：I couldnt have got to the meeting on time unlessI had caught an earlier train. 我不可能及时赶到会场，除非我赶上了较早的一班火车。(事实是“我”没有及时到会)若将上句中的 unless 换为 if . not，则意思有很大差别：I couldnt have got to the meeting on time if I had not caught