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1、-小学英语语法复习大全及习题-第 46 页小学英语语法复习大全及习题一、26个字母: Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz二、5个元音字母:Aa Ee Ii Oo Uu 三、含有相同音素的字母归类: /eI/ Aa Hh Jj Kk /i:/ Ee Bb Cc Dd Gg Pp Tt Vv /aI/ Ii Yy / / Oo /ju:/ Uu Qq Ww /e/ Ff Ll Mm Nn Ss Xx Zz /a:/ Rr 六、认识下列所有句子,会读,知道意思: 1. Hello!
2、 Hi! 你好! 2. Good morning! 早上好! Good afternoon! 下午好! Good night. 晚安! 3. Whats your name? Im 你叫什么名字?我叫 也可以回答: My name is 4. This is Nancy Black/ David Black/Mr Black/Mrs Balck. 这是 (Thats) Helen Brown/Mike Brown/Mr Brown/Mrs Brown 那是 my father/mother/brother/sister a cat/an apple/. (Mr 先生,Mrs夫人,Miss小姐,
3、 在学校Mr称呼男老师,Miss称呼女老师) 5. Nice to meet you. 见到你很高兴。 Nice to meet you,too. 见到你也很高兴。 (too是“也”的意思) 6. What color is it? Its red/blue/ 它是什么颜色?它是 7. I can see a /some 我看见一个/一些 8. A: How are you? 你好吗? B: Fine/Im fine. 我很好。Thank you/Thanks.谢谢。 (Not bad. 不错。) (Not so good. 不太好。) And you? 你呢? A:Im fine, too.
4、 我也很好。 (Not bad, thank you. 不错,谢谢。) (Not so good. 不太好。) 当别人说“不太好”时应说:Sorry./Im sorry. 9. Get up. 起床吧。 Go to school now. 现在去上学吧。 Go home now. 现在回家吧。 Go to bed now. 现在睡觉吧。 回答OK./All right. 好的。 “平时道别”要说Goodbye./See you. 再见。 “晚上道别”要说Good night. 晚安。 10. Heres 这里有 11.A:Look at my 看我的 也可以说:Look ,this is my
5、 your 你的 (thats)your his 他的 his her 她的 her B: Its smart/pretty/nice. 真漂亮! How nice! 多漂亮啊! 12.Lets go to the zoo/park/cinema/supermarket/Great Wall.让我们去 可以回答OK./All right. 好的。 也可以说Good.太好了。 Great.太棒了! 接着可以问But how? 但是怎么去呢? 回答:By bike/car/bus/plane. 骑自行车去/坐车去/坐公交车去/搭飞机去。 还可以说:Lets go to the by 让我们去 13
6、. Turn on the light/TV/tap/Walkman, please. 打开 Turn off the 关掉 (please是 14. Open the door/window/box/basket, please. 打开 “请”的意思) Close the 关掉 可以回答OK./All right. 做了不好的事应该说Im sorry. 15 .Guess What is it? Its 猜。它是什么?它是 16. Some cakes? 来些蛋糕? 可以回答:Yes, please. ice creams ? 冰淇淋? No, thanks. Hamburgers ? 汉堡
7、? 如果你需要更多数目可以说: eggs? 鸡蛋? Yes two, please. milk? 牛奶? tea? 茶? juice? 果汁? coffee? 咖啡? 也可以问一个:A cake? An ice -cream? A hamburger? An egg?同样回答。 A glass of milk? A glass of juice? A cup of tea? A cup of coffee? 买东西要注意:询问别人“好不好?”要用升调,例如A green pencil? 告诉别人“请给我。”要用降调,例如A green pencil, please . 17.Im a Chin
8、ese 我是一个中国的 an English 一个英国的 Im from 我来自 Im nine/ten. 我九岁/十岁。 Im tall/short/fat/thin. 我很高/很矮/很胖/很瘦。 My eyes are big/small. 我的眼睛很大/很小。 My hair is long/short. 我的头发很长/很短。 还可以说Im not 我不 18. Hes /Shes 他/她是 His /Her 他的/她的 19. Who are you ? 你是谁? Who am I? 我是谁?时间名词前所用介词的速记歌年月周前要用in,日子前面却不行。 遇到几号要用on,上午下午又是i
9、n。 要说某日上下午,用on换in才能行。 午夜黄昏须用at,黎明用它也不错。 at也用在明分前,说“差”可要用上to, 说“过”只可使用past,多说多练牢牢记, 莫让岁月空蹉跎。 下面就时间概念的介词用法做一简要介绍和比较。 1at表示时间概念的某一个点。(在某时刻、时间、阶段等)。 at 1:00(dawn,midnight,noon)在1点钟(黎明、午夜、中午) these are our chief tasks at the present stage这些就是我们现阶段的主要任务。 2on 1)表示具体日期。 they arrived in shanghai on may 25他们在
10、五月二十五日到达上海。 注:(1)关于在周末的几种表示法: at(on)the weekend在周末-特指 at(on)weekends在周末-泛指 over the weekend在整个周末 during the weekend在周末期间 (2)在圣诞节,应说at Christmas 而不说on Christmas 2)在(刚)的时候。 on reaching the city he called up his parents一到城里他就给父母打了一个电话。 3in 1)表示时段、时期,在多数情况下可以和dur - ing互换,前者强调对比,后者强调持续。 in(during)1988(de
11、cember,the 20th century)在一九八八年(十二月、二十世纪) i returned to Beijing in the middle of June我是六月中回北京的。 但如果表示在某项活动的期间,则只能用during。 during my military service(the trip)在我服役期间(在旅行期间) 2)表示以说话时间为基点的(若干时间)以后,常用作将来时态谓语的时间状语。如这时要表示(若干时间)内,常用within。比较: the meeting will end in 30minutes(三十分钟后)会议三十分钟后结束。 can you finish
12、 it within 30minutes?(三十分钟内)你能在三十分钟之内完成这件事吗? 但在过去时态中,in可用于表在若干时间以内,这时不要误用during。 the job was done during a week(wrong) the job was done in a week(right)这工作在一星期内就完成了。 4after表示在(某具体时间)以后,注意不要和in的2)意混淆。 after supper(8oclock,the war)晚饭(八点、战)后 比较:he will be back in two hours他将在两个小时以后回来。 he returned tohis
13、 hometown after the war战后他回到了故乡。 5for表示(动作延续)若干时间,有时可省略。 i stayed in London(for)two days on my way to new York在去纽约的途中,我在伦敦呆了两天。 6since表示自(某具体时间)以来,常用作完成时态谓语的时间状语。 since liberation(1980)自从解放(1980年)以来 they have been close friends since childhood他们从小就是好朋友。 注: (1)since the war是指自从战争结束以来,若指自从战争开始以来,须说sin
14、ce the beginning of the war。 (2)不要将since与after混淆。 比较:he has worked here since 1965(指一段时间,强调时间段)自从1965年以来,他一直在这儿工作。 he began to work here after 1965(指一点时间,强调时间点)从1965年以后,他开始在这儿工作。 7by表示到的时候,其谓语时态的用法:动作动词常用完成时态;状态动词(be)常用一般时态。 比较: by noon,everybody had(will have)arrived there by noon,everybody were(wi
15、ll be)there 到中午的时候,大家都(将)到那儿了。 以上探讨了介词表示时间概念时的用法和比较,上述介词除表示时间概念外还有其他的用法,英语学习者必须掌握其各种用法,才能灵活运用,提高自己的语言能力。 小学英语语法复习要点(一)一、名词复数规则变化: 1) 一般在名词词尾加s, mapmaps地图,birdbirds鸟,orangeoranges 桔子,bikebikes自行车; 2) 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词加es, boxboxes盒子,classclasses班级,watchwatches手表, dish-dishes盘,碟子,餐具; 3) 以O结尾的名词后面加s或e
16、s photophotos相片 radioradios收音机 zoozoos动物园 tomatotomatoes西红柿 potatopotatoes土豆 4) 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i+es babybabies婴儿 familyfamilies家庭; 以元音字母加y结尾的名词直接加s boyboys男孩 toytoys 玩具; 5) 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时: a. 加s,如: belief-beliefs roof-roofs safe-safes gulf-gulfs; b. 去f,fe 加ves,如:half-halves knife-knives leaf-leave
17、s wolf-wolves wife-wives life-lives thief-thieves; c. 均可,如: handkerchief: handkerchiefs/ handkerchieves名词复数的不规则变化: 1)child-children foot-feet tooth-teeth mouse-mice man-men woman-women 注意:与 man 和 woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。 如: an Englishman,two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;Bowman是姓,其
18、复数是the Bowmans。 2)单复同形 如: deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese li,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,four jin 但除人民币元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如: a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters 3)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。 如: people police cattle 等本身就是复数,不能说 a people,a police,a cattle,但可以说 a person,a policeman,a head of cattle, t
19、he English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss 等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用。 如: The Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。 4)以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如: a. Maths,politics,physics等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。 b. news 是不可数名词。 c. the United States,the United Nations 应视为单数。 The United Nations was organized in
20、1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。 d. 以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。 The Arabian Nights is a very interesting story-book. 是一本非常有趣的故事书。 5) 表示由两部分构成的东西,如:glasses (眼镜) trousers, clothes 若表达具体数目,要借助数量词 pair(对,双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers 6) 另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如:goods货物,waters水域,fishes(各种)
21、鱼 动词第三人称单数和名词变化相同。但是以“o”结尾的一半加“es” watch _child _potato _tomato_piano_photo_box_fish_day_ foot_ book_ dress _tooth_ sheep _ strawberry _ thief _peach_ sandwich _man_ woman_ paper_ juice_water_ milk_ rice_ tea_二、一般现在时一般现在时基本用法介绍 【No. 1】一般现在时的功能1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如:The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如
22、:I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。3.表示客观现实。如:The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。一般现在时的构成1. be动词:主语+be(am , is , are)+其它。如:I am a boy.我是一个男孩。2.行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。如:We study English.我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he, she , it)时,要在动词后加-s或- es。如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。一般现在时的变化1. be动词的变化。否定句:主语+ be + not +其它。如:
23、He is not a worker.他不是工人。一般疑问句:Be +主语+其它。如:-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, Im not.特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:Where is my bike?2.行为动词的变化。否定句:主语+ dont( doesnt ) +动词原形(+其它)。如:I dont like bread.当主语为第三人称单数时,要用doesnt构成否定句。如:He doesnt often play.一般疑问句:Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。如:- Do you often play football?- Ye
24、s, I do. / No, I dont.当主语为第三人称单数时,要用does构成一般疑问句。如:- Does she go to work by bike?- Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt.特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:How does your father go to work?动词+s的变化规则1一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks2以s. x. sh . ch . o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes3以“辅音字母+y”结
25、尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies一般现在时用法专练: 写出下列动词的第三人称单数 drink _ go _ stay _ make _look _ have_ pass_ carry _come_ watch_ plant_ fly _study_ brush_ do_ teach_三、现在进行时1现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。2现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing.3现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。4现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。5现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为:疑问词不达意 +
26、 be + 主语 + 动词ing? 但疑问词当主语时其结构为: 疑问词不达意 + be + 动词ing ?动词加ing 的变化规则1一般情况下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking2以不发音的e结尾,去e加ing,如:make-making, taste-tasting3如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing,如:run-running, stop-stopping现在进行时专项练习:一、写出下列动词的现在分词:play_ run_ swim _make_go_ like_ write_ _ski_ read_ have_ sing _ dance_put_
27、 see_ buy _ love_ live_ take_ come _ get_stop_ sit _ begin_ shop_二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空:1.The boy _ (draw)a picture now.2. Listen .Some girls _ (sing) in the classroom.3. My mother _ (cook) some nice food now.4. What _ you _ (do) now?5. Look. They _( have) an English lesson .6 .They _(not ,water) the flowe
28、rs now.7. Look! the girls _(dance )in the classroom .8. What is our granddaughter doing? She _(listen ) to music.9. It is 5 oclock now. We _(have)supper now10._Helen_(wash )clothes now ? Yes ,she is .三、句型转换:1. They are doing housework. (分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)_2The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般
29、疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)_3Im playing the football in the playground .(对划线部分进行提问)_4Tom is reading books in his study . (对划线部分进行提问)_四、将来时理论及练习一、概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, the day after tomorrow(后天)等。 二、基本结构:be going to + do;will+ do.三、否定句:在be动词(am, is,
30、are)l后加not或情态动词will后加not成wont。例如:Im going to have a picnic this afternoon. Im not going to have a picnic this afternoon.四、一般疑问句: be或will提到句首,some改为any, and改为or,第一二人称互换。例如:We are going to go on an outing this weekend. Are you going to go on an outing this weekend?五、对划线部分提问。一般情况,一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。1. 问人
31、。Who 例如:Im going to New York soon. Whos going to New York soon.2. 问干什么。What do.例如: My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon. What is your father going to do with you this afternoon.3. 问什么时候。When.例如:Shes going to go to bed at nine. When is she going to bed?六、同义句:be going to = willI a
32、m going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow. 填空。1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I_ _ _ have a picnic with my friends.I _ have a picnic with my friends.2. 下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。What _ _ _ _ _ next Monday?I _ _ _ play basketball.What _ you do next Monday? I _ play basketball.3. 你妈妈这个周末去购物吗?是,她要去买一
33、些水果。_ your mother _ _ go shopping this _?Yes, she _. She _ _ _ buy some fruit.4. 你们打算什么时候见面。What time _ you _ _ meet?改句子。5. Nancy is going to go camping.(改否定)Nancy _ going to go camping.6. Ill go and join them.(改否定)I _ go _ join them.7. Im going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.(改一般疑问句)_ _ _ to get up at
34、6:30 tomorrow?8. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.(改一般疑问句)_ _ meet at the bus stop at 10:30.9. She is going to listen to music after school.(对划线部分提问)_ _ she _ _ _ after school?10. My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.(同上)_ _ going to see a play the day after tomor
35、row.用所给词的适当形式填空。11. Today is a sunny day. We _ (have) a picnic this afternoon.12. My brother _ (go) to Shanghai next week.13. Tom often _(go) to school on foot. But today is rain. He _ (go) to school by bike.14. What do you usually do at weekends? I usually _ (watch) TV and _(catch) insects? 15. Its
36、 Friday today. What _she _ (do) this weekend? She _ (watch) TV and _ (catch) insects.16. What _ (d0) you do last Sunday? I _(pick) apples on a farm. What _ (do) next Sunday? I _(milk) cows.17. Mary _ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow.18. Liu Tao _ (fly) kites in the playground yesterday.19. David _
37、(give) a puppet show next Monday.20. I _ (plan) for my study now.五、一般过去时1一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。2Be动词在一般过去时中的变化:am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。(was not=wasnt)are在一般过去时中变为were。(were not=werent)带有was或were的句子,其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样,即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。3句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子 否定句:didnt +动词原形,如:Jim didnt go home yesterday. 一般疑问句:在句首加did,句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如:Did Jim go home yesterday? 特殊疑问句:疑问词+did+主语+动词原形?如: What did Jim do yesterday?疑问词当