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1、-元素的相对原子质量表符号汉语日語拉丁语英语原子量电子排布K.L.M.N.O.P.Q备注1H氢水素()HydrogeniumHydrogen1.00794(7)1s112He氦HeliumHelium4.002602(2)1s22He3Li锂LithumLithium6.941(2)He2s12.14Be铍BerylliumBeryllium9.012182(3)He2s22.25B硼硼素()BoriumBoron10.811(5)He2s2 2p12.36C碳炭素()CarboniumCarbon12.011(1)He2s2 2p22.47N氮窒素()NitrogeniumNitrogen1
2、4.00674(7)He2s2 2p32.58O氧酸素()OxygeniumOxygen15.9994(3)He2s2 2p42.69F氟弗素()FluorumFluorine18.9984032(9)He2s2 2p52.710Ne氖NeonumNeon20.1797(6)He2s2 2p62.8Ne11Na钠NatriumSodium22.989768(6)Ne3s12.8.112Mg镁MagnesiumMagnesium24.3050(6)Ne3s22.8.213Al铝AluminiumAluminum26.981539(5)Ne3s2 3p12.8.314Si硅珪素()Silicium
3、Silicon28.0855(3)Ne3s2 3p22.8.415P磷燐()PhosphorumPhosphorus30.973762(4)Ne3s2 3p32.8.516S硫硫黄()SulphurSulfur32.066(6)Ne3s2 3p42.8.617Cl氯塩素()ChlorumChlorine35.4527(9)Ne3s2 3p52.8.718Ar氩ArgonumArgon39.948(1)Ne3s2 3p62.8.8Ar19K钾KaliumPotassium39.0983(1)Ar4s12.8.8.120Ca钙CalciumCalcium40.078(4)Ar4s22.8.8.22
4、1Sc钪ScandiumScandium44.955910(9)Ar4s2 3d12.8.9.222Ti钛TitaniumTitanium47.88(3)Ar4s2 3d22.8.10.223V钒VanadiumVanadium50.9415(1)Ar4s2 3d32.8.11.224Cr铬ChromiumChromium51.9961(6)Ar4s1 3d52.8.13.1d4-d5,注半满25Mn锰ManganumManganese54.93805(1)Ar4s2 3d52.8.13.226Fe铁鉄()FerrumIron55.847(3)Ar4s2 3d62.8.14.227Co钴Cob
5、altumCobalt58.93320(1)Ar4s2 3d72.8.15.228Ni镍NiccolumNickel58.6934(2)Ar4s2 3d82.8.16.229Cu铜铜()CuprumCopper63.546(3)Ar4s1 3d102.8.18.1d9-d10,注全满30Zn锌亜铅()ZincumZinc65.39(2)Ar4s2 3d102.8.18.231Ga稼GalliumGallium69.723(1)Ar4s2 3d10 4p12.8.18.332Ge锗GermaniumGermanium72.61(2)Ar4s2 3d10 4p22.8.18.433As砷砒素()A
6、rseniumArsenic74.92159(2)Ar4s2 3d10 4p32.8.18.534Se硒SeleniumSelenium78.96(3)Ar4s2 3d10 4p42.8.18.635Br溴臭素()BromiumBromine79.904(1)Ar4s2 3d10 4p52.8.18.736Kr氪KryptomumKrypton83.80(1)Ar4s2 3d10 4p62.8.18.8Kr37Rb铷RubidiumRubidium85.4678(3)Kr5s12.8.18.8.138Sr锶StrontiumStrontium87.62(7)Kr5s22.8.18.8.239Y
7、钇YttriumYttrium88.90585(2)Kr5s2 4d12.8.18.9.240Zr锆ZirconiumZirconium91.224(2)Kr5s2 4d22.8.18.10.241Nb铌NiobiumNiobium92.90638(2)Kr5s1 4d42.8.18.12.1d3-d4,注42Mo钼MolybdenumMolybdenum95.94(1)Kr5s1 4d52.8.18.13.1d4-d5,注半满43Tc锝TechnetiumTechnetium(98)Kr5s2 4d52.8.18.13.244Ru钌RutheniumRuthenium101.07(2)Kr5
8、s1 4d72.8.18.15.1d6-d7,注45Rh铑RhodiumRhodium102.90550(3)Kr5s1 4d82.8.18.16.1d7-d8,注46Pd钯PalladiumPalladium106.42(1)Kr5s0 4d102.8.18.18.0d8-d10,注全满47Ag银银()ArgentumSilver107.8632(2)Kr5s1 4d102.8.18.18.1d9-d10,注全满48Cd镉CadmiumCadmium112.411(8)Kr5s2 4d102.8.18.18.249In铟indiumIndium114.82(1)Kr5s2 4d10 5p12
9、.8.18.18.350Sn锡锡()StannumTin118.710(7)Kr5s2 4d10 5p22.8.18.18.451Sb锑StibiumAntimony121.757(3)Kr5s2 4d10 5p32.8.18.18.552Te碲TellurumTellurium127.60(3)Kr5s2 4d10 5p42.8.18.18.653I碘沃素()IodiumIodine126.90447(3)Kr5s2 4d10 5p52.8.18.18.754Xe氙XenonumXenon131.29(2)Kr5s2 4d10 5p62.8.18.18.8Xe55Cs铯CaesiumCesi
10、um132.90543(5)Xe6s12.8.18.18.8.156Ba钡BaryumBarium137.327(7)Xe6s22.8.18.18.8.257La镧LanthanumLanthanum138.9055(2)Xe6s2 4f0 5d12.8.18.18.9.2f1-f0,注全空58Ce铈CeriumCerium140.115(4)Xe6s2 4f1 5d12.8.18.19.9.2f2-f1,注59Pr镨PraseodymiumPraseodymium140.90765(3)Xe6s2 4f32.8.18.21.8.260Nd钕NeodymiumNeodymium144.24(3
11、)Xe6s2 4f42.8.18.22.8.261Pm钷PromethiumPromethium(145)Xe6s2 4f52.8.18.23.8.262Sm钐SamariumSamarium150.36(3)Xe6s2 4f62.8.18.24.8.263Eu铕EuropiumEuropium151.965(9)Xe6s2 4f72.8.18.25.8.264Gd钆GadoliniumGadolinium157.25(3)Xe6s2 4f7 5d12.8.18.25.9.2f8-f7,注半满65Tb铽TerbiumTerbium158.92534(3)Xe6s2 4f92.8.18.27.8
12、.266Dy镝DysprosiumDysprosium162.50(3)Xe6s2 4f102.8.18.28.8.267Ho钬HolmiumHolmium164.93032(3)Xe6s2 4f112.8.18.29.8.268Er铒ErbiumErbium167.26(3)Xe6s2 4f122.8.18.30.8.269Tm铥ThuliumThulium168.9342(3)Xe6s2 4f132.8.18.31.8.270Yb镱YtterbiumYtterbium173.04(3)Xe6s2 4f142.8.18.32.8.271Lu镥LutetiumLutetium174.967(1
13、)Xe6s2 4f14 5d12.8.18.32.9.272Hf铪HafniumHafnium178.49(2)Xe6s2 4f14 5d22.8.18.32.10.273Ta钽TantalumTantalum180.9479(1)Xe6s2 4f14 5d32.8.18.32.11.274W钨WolframTungsten183.85(3)Xe6s2 4f14 5d42.8.18.32.12.275Re铼二RheniumRhenium186.207(1)Xe6s2 4f14 5d52.8.18.32.13.276Os锇OsmiumOsmium190.2(1)Xe6s2 4f14 5d62.8
14、.18.32.14.277Ir铱IridiumIridium192.22(3)Xe6s2 4f14 5d72.8.18.32.15.278Pt铂白金()PlatinumPlatinum195.08(3)Xe6s1 4f14 5d92.8.18.32.17.1d8-d9,注79Au金金()AurumGold196.96654(3)Xe6s1 4f14 5d102.8.18.32.18.1d9-d10,注全满80Hg汞水银()HydrargyrumMercury200.59(2)Xe6s2 4f14 5d102.8.18.32.18.281Tl铊ThalliumThallium204.3833(2
15、)Xe6s2 4f14 5d10 6p12.8.18.32.18.382Pb铅铅()PlumbumLead207.2(1)Xe6s2 4f14 5d10 6p22.8.18.32.18.483Bi铋BismuthumBismuth208.98037(3)Xe6s2 4f14 5d10 6p32.8.18.32.18.5注84Po钋PoloniumPolonium(209)Xe6s2 4f14 5d10 6p42.8.18.32.18.685At砹AstatiumAstatine(210)Xe6s2 4f14 5d10 6p52.8.18.32.18.786Rn氡RadonRadon(222)X
16、e6s2 4f14 5d10 6p62.8.18.32.18.8Rn87Fr钫FranciumFrancium(223)Rn7s12.8.18.32.18.8.188Ra镭RadiumRadium(226)Rn7s22.8.18.32.18.8.289Ac锕ActiniumActinium(227)Rn7s2 5f0 6d12.8.18.32.18.9.290Th钍ThoriumThorium232.0381(1)Rn7s2 5f0 6d22.8.18.32.18.10.291Pa镤ProtactiniumProtactinium231.0588(2)Rn7s2 5f2 6d12.8.18.3
17、2.20.9.2f1-f0,注全空92U铀UraniumUranium238.02891(3)Rn7s2 5f3 6d12.8.18.32.21.9.2f2-f0,注全空93Np镎NeptuniumNeptunium(237)Rn7s2 5f4 6d12.8.18.32.22.9.2f3-f2,注94Pu钚PlutoniumPlutonium(244)Rn7s2 5f62.8.18.32.24.8.2f4-f3,注95Am镅AmericiumAmericium(243)Rn7s2 5f72.8.18.32.25.8.2f5-f4,注96Cm锔CuriumCurium(247)Rn7s2 5f7
18、 6d12.8.18.32.25.9.297Bk锫BerkeliumBerkelium(247)Rn7s2 5f92.8.18.32.27.8.298Cf锎CaliforniumCalifornium(251)Rn7s2 5f102.8.18.32.28.8.2f8-f7,注半满99*Es锿EinsteiniumEinsteinium(252)Rn7s2 5f112.8.18.32.29.8.2100*Fm镄FermiumFermium(257)Rn7s2 5f122.8.18.32.30.8.2101*Md钔MendeleviumMendelevium(258)Rn7s2 5f132.8.1
19、8.32.31.8.2102*No锘NobeliumNobelium(259)Rn7s2 5f142.8.18.32.32.8.2103*Lr铹LawrenciumLawrencium(262)Rn7s2 5f14 6d12.8.18.32.32.9.2104*Rf钅卢RutherfordiumRutherfordium(265)Rn7s2 5f14 6d22.8.18.32.32.10.2105*Db钅杜DubniumDubnium(268)Rn7s2 5f14 6d32.8.18.32.32.11.2106*Sg钅喜SeaborgiumSeaborgium(271)Rn7s2 5f14 6
20、d42.8.18.32.32.12.2107*Bh钅波BohriumBohrium(270)Rn7s2 5f14 6d52.8.18.32.32.13.2108*Hs钅黑HassiumHassium(277)Rn7s2 5f14 6d62.8.18.32.32.14.2109*Mt钅麦MeitneriumMeitnerium(266)Rn7s2 5f14 6d72.8.18.32.32.15.2110*Ds钅达DarmstadtiumDarmstadtium(281)Rn7s1 5f14 6d92.8.18.32.32.17.1111*Rg钅仑RoentgeniumRoentgenium(28
21、0)Rn7s1 5f14 6d102.8.18.32.32.18.1112*Cn钅哥CoperniciumCopernicium(285)Rn7s2 5f14 6d102.8.18.32.32.18.2d8-d9,注113*Nh钅尔NihoniumNihonium(286)Rn7s2 5f14 6d10 7p12.8.18.32.32.18.3d9-d10,注全满114*Fl钅夫FleroviumFlerovium(289)Rn7s2 5f14 6d10 7p22.8.18.32.32.18.4115*Mc镆MoscoviumMoscovium(289)Rn7s2 5f14 6d10 7p32
22、.8.18.32.32.18.5116*Lv钅立LivermoriumLivermorium(293)Rn7s2 5f14 6d10 7p42.8.18.32.32.18.6117*Ts石田TennessineTennessine(294)Rn7s2 5f14 6d10 7p52.8.18.32.32.18.7118*Og气奥OganessonOganesson(294)Rn7s2 5f14 6d10 7p62.8.18.32.32.18.8注:加粗为放射性元素:自然界痕量存在,主要由人工合成*:自然界不存在,只由人工合成d亚层在s亚层外,常多填d亚层(使之趋于全满/半满),少填s亚层d亚层在f亚层外,常多填d亚层,少填f亚层(使之趋于全空/半满)以前铋被认为是最重的稳定元素,然而在2003年时发现,其唯一的天然同位素铋209的半衰期为1.9*1019年左右,达到宇宙年龄的10亿倍。所以,铋可以被视为稳定的非放射性,对它的放射性是纯粹是学术兴趣。学术界因此也有将铅视为质量最大的稳定元素的说法。-第 7 页序数