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1、 . . . . 注：a. 比较级前可以有数量和倍数来加以修饰 I am two years younger than he. This room is four times larger than that one.b. 比较级前用定冠词the表示特指 the + 形比+of the two 两者之中较的一个 Tom is the taller of the two boys. c. 比较级的惯用法：比较级+and+比较级 （ 越来越 ） more and more +（部分单音节词或多音节词的）原级 （越来越）the+形比，the+形比 （越就越）Our life gets better
2、and better.Our school is becoming more and more beautiful.The busier he is，the happier he is.3. 最高级常用结构：the+adj最高级 形容词最高级前必须要有the（the）+adv最高级 副词最高级前的the可以省略one of the+adj最高级+名词复数 He is the tallest of the three.Who jumped highest, A, B or C ?Li Lei is one of the best students in our class 注：a. 常用的表示最
3、高级的围of allof the three in our class in China 等b. 最高级前可用序数词 The LongRiver is the first longest river in China.c. 有时形容词最高级前可用a/an 表示“非常”Its a most important question d. 最高级前也可以有副词修饰词：much 或verythe very +最高级 = much the+最高级This is the very cleanest room of all.= This is much the cleanest room of all.四、级
4、别之间的相互转换1原级与比较级之间的转换 a倍数+ asas 倍数-1 + 比较级 + than This book is three times as thick as that one = This book is twice thicker than that oneb. not as/soas 与比较级之间的转换Mary is not so old as Lucy = Lucy is less young than Mary = Mary is younger than Lucy = Lucy is older than Mary These books are not so inte
5、resting as those ones = These books are less interesting than those ones = Those books are more interesting than these ones2. 比较级与最高级之间的转换 Tom is the tallest in his class = Tom is taller than any other student in his class = Tom is taller than the other students(the others) in his class= Tom is tall
6、er than any of the other students in his class. = No one is taller than Tom in his class. = Tom is taller than anyone else in his class. = Anyone else is shorter than Tom in his class 动词一、 定义：表示动作或状态的词Listen/ speak/ walk 动作Wear/ be/ lie 状态二、分类：1. 实义动词（行为动词）有完整的意义，能独立作谓语。 实义动词分为 与物动词 需接宾语 I like Engl
7、ish不与物动词 不能直接接宾语 They are swimming. 注：a. 不与物动词接宾语时，需加上相应的介词They are swimming at the pool.I live inChina.b. 有些动词既可作与物动词又可作不与物动词She is studying English now. （与物动词）She is studying now. （不与物动词）c. 接双宾语的与物动词give. pass. lend.write. show. send. hand. offer.tellbuy. make. teach. bringgive sb（间宾）sth (直宾) = gi
8、ve sth to sbbuy sb（间宾）sth (直宾) = buy sth for sb2. 连系动词 词义不完整，与表语一起构成谓语。常见的连系动词又：be. become. look. get.keep. stay. sound. taste. smell. seem. feel. turn. grow. remain等 You are students. The song sounds very nice.3. 助动词 本身无意义，只能和主要谓语在一起作位于，起到构成时态、疑问句和否定句等语法的作用。常见的助动词有：be. do. will. shall. have等4. 情态动词
9、 没有人称和数的变化，与动词原形一起作谓语。常见的情态动词有：can. could. may. might. must. need. shall. should. will. would.等。动词的语态一、 定义语态是谓语动词的形式，它由主语跟谓语动词所表示动作的关系来决定。分为：主动语态（主语是动作的执行者） 被动语态（主语是动作的承受着）二、被动语态的结构时 态 动词的被动形式 例句一般现在时 is done History is made by the people.（人民创造历史）一般过去时 was done The story was told by her mother.一般将来时
10、 will be done The problem will be discussed tomorrow.现在进行时 is being done The novel is being written.过去进行时 was being done At that time the desk was being made.现在完成时 has been done The house has been built.过去完成时 had been done They said that their work had been finished.过去将来时 would be done He said the t
11、rees would be planted soon.三、被动语态的各种句型： he song is liked by young people. (肯定句) he song isnt liked by young people（否定句） Is the song liked by young people ?（一般疑问句） Who is the song liked by ?=By whom is the song liked?（特殊疑问句）四、特殊句型的被动语态：1.含有使役动词（make /let /have）或感官动词（hear ,see, listen to ,look at ,fin
12、d ,watch,feel等）的句子，在主动语态中这些词后常跟不带to的动词不定式，但是在改成被动语态时，则一定要把省去的to再加上去例：Mother often makes me do some housework. I am often made to do some housework by mother. We saw him run into the classroom. He was seen to run into the classroom by us. 2.teach ,give ,pass ,show ,buy, tell等动词常常带有两个宾语(双宾语：直接宾语和间接宾语）
13、，改为被动语态时，两个宾语可以选其中任一个作主语。如果直接宾语被提前作主语，那么间接宾语（一般是人）前要加相应的介词to/for。例：he gave me a pen.= She gave a pen to me. I was given a pen by her. A pen was given to me by her. My father bought me a new bike.= My father bought a new bike for me. I was bought a new bike by my father. A new bike was bought for me
14、by my father.3. 由不与物动词（vi）+介词/副词宾语的句子改成被动语态时，介词或副词不能丢掉。例：e should speak to old people politely. Old people should be spoken to politely ( by us). My mother takes good care of me .I am taken good careof by my mother.英语九大时态一、一般现在时的谓语构成：二、一般过去时的谓语构成：三、现在进行时的谓语构成：be+doing.四、过去进行时的谓语构成：was（were）doing.五、现
15、在完成时的谓语构成：have（has）动词的过去分词(done).六、过去完成时的谓语构成：had动词的过去分词.七、现在完成进行时的谓语构成：have（has）beendoing.八、一般将来时的谓语构成：will（shall）动词原形.（注: shall只用于第一人称单复数之后，will可用于所有人称之后）.九、过去将来时的谓语构成：would动词原形.英语中主谓一致一、主谓一致三原则 主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。 1. 语法一致原则：指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式
16、。例如： Tom is a good student. They often play football on the playground. 2. 意义一致：指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，这是谓语动词用单数形式。例如： My family are having lunch now. 我们一家人现在正吃午饭。 Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book. 这本书20美元太贵了。 3. 就近一致：指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近他的主语。例如： Not only the
17、teacher but also his students like playing football. There is a pen and some books on the desk. 二、 主谓一致常考题型 1. 单数名词(代词)，不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式，复数名词(代词)作主语，谓语用复数形式。例如： The desk belongs to Tom Some water is in the bottle. 2. many a+单数名词作主语，意义虽为“许多”，但谓语要用单数形式。 Many a student has been to Shanghai. 3. more th
18、an one+单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。 More than one student has ever been to Beijing. 不止一个学生曾经去过。 4. 表示时间，价格，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，这些通常作一个整体概念，谓语用单数形式。例如： Two months is a long holiday. 两个月是一个长假。 Twenty pounds isnt so heavy. 20英镑并不太重。 Ten miles isnt a long distance. 10英里并不是一段很长的距离。 Five minus four is one. 5减4等于1。
19、5. 主语是each/every+单数名词+and(each/every)+单数名词时，谓语动词用单数。 Each boy and each girl has got a seat.每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位6. one and a half+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 One and a half hours is enough. 一个半小时足够了。 7. 动词不定式，动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 To see is to believe 眼见为实。 Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes. 8. a/an+单数名词+or two
20、 作主语，谓语动词用单数。例如： A student or two has failed the exam. 一两个学生考试不与格。 9. 当主语部分含有with，togeether with，along with，as well as，besides，except，but，like等介词或介词短语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如： Mike with his father has been to England. 10. 由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，一般用复数形式，但and所连接的并列主语是同一个人，事物，或概念时，谓语动词用单数。这两种情况区分如下：a/the+单数名词+and+单数名
21、词，指的是同一个人或物；a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词，指两个人或物。例如： The writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人) The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人) 11. people,police等集体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式，family,class,group,team等集体名词作主语，若指一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式，若指一个具体成员时，谓语动词复数形式。例如： People here are very frien
22、dly. 这儿的人很友好。 His family has four members 他家有四口人My family all like watching TV. 我们一家人都喜欢看电视。 12. 不定代词somebody,someone,something,anybody,anything,everybody,everyoneeverything,nobody,no one,nothing作主语，谓语动词用单数，例如：Is everyone here today. Something is wrong with him. Nobody was in. 没有人在家。 13. each,either
23、,neither,another,the other 作主语，谓语动词用单数。 Each of them has an English dictionary. Neither answer is correct. 14. 以s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义，谓语通常用单数形式，如news,maths,physics等，例如： No news is good news. Maths is very popular in our class 在我们班数学很受欢迎。 15. 由bothand连接两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；由or,eitheror，neithernor,not only
24、but also,notbut,连接两个名词或代词作主语时，根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。例如：Both his father and his mother are both teachers. Tom or Jack is wrong. 不是汤姆就是杰克错了。 Either this one or that one is ok. 这一个或那一个都行。 16. a number of+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数；the number of +复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。例如： A number of famous people were invited to party. 许多名人都被
25、邀请参加这个聚会。 The number of the students is over eight houndred. 我们学校的学生数超过800人。 17. 当kind of,pair of, glass of 等表示确定数量的名词短语修饰主语时，谓语与kind,pair,glass等一致。例如 This pair of shoes belongs to TomThere are two glasses of wather on the table. 18. the+形容词表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式，表示抽象概念时，用单数形式。例如： The poor are very happy,
26、 but the rich are sad. 穷人很快乐，富人却过得不快乐。 The beautiful lives forever. 美是永存的。 19. 以here，there开关的句子，若主语在两个或两个以上，谓语动词通常与临近的主语一致。例如： There is a book and three pens on the desk. Here are some books and paper for you. 主谓一致精练1. Either Jane or Steven _ watch TV now. A. were B. is C. was D. are 2. Two days _en
27、ough for me to finish the work, I need a third day. A. isnt B. is C. aret D. are 3. How many lessons do you usually have a day? Six lessons a day. And each of then _45 minutes. A. last B. lasts C. have D. are 4. Neither Liping nor I _ a basketball player. A. am B. is C. be D. are 5. There _ many new
28、 words in lesson one,it is very easy. A. is B. arent C. isnt D. are 6. The number of the students in our school _1200. A. is B. are C. has D. have 7. Maths _ my favorite subject. A. be B. is C. am D. are 8. The boy with the two dogs _ when the earthquake rocked the city. A. were sleeping B. is sleep
29、ing C. was sleeping D. are asle 9. Every one except Tom and John _ there when the meeting began. A. are B. is C. were D. was 10. That place is not interesting at all, _ of us wants to go there. A. Neither B. Both C. All D. Some 11. Nobody but Jane _ the secret. A. know B. knows C. have know D. is 12
30、. Whats on the plate? some eggs and cakes on it? There _ some eggs and cakes on it. A. is B. are C. was D. were 13. This pair of glasses _ mine. A. are B. be C. is D. will be14. Both Lily and Lucy _ to the party yesterday. A. invited B. was invited C. had invited D. were invirted 15. Two months _ qu
31、ite a long time. Yes, Im afraid that he will miss lots of his lessons. A. is B. are C. was D. were 16. In the city the old _. A. take good care of B. are taken good care of C. is taken good care of D. are been taken good care of 17. His family _ all very kind and friendly, His family _ a happy one.
32、A. are,is B. is,is C. are,are D. is,are 18. The singer and the dancer _ come to Beijing. A. has B. have C. are D. is 19. The children in this class each _ a new school bag. A. have B. has C. has got D. are having 20. All but one _ here just now. A. is B. was C. has been D. were 参考答案 15 BABAB 210 ABCDA 1115 BBCBA 1620 BABAD 8 / 8