小升初英语动词专项.doc

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1、 动词一 动词的概念。动词表示主语的动作或状态的词。 如：I read Englih every day. (表示动作）It is autumn. (表示状态）The old man is carryinng a heavy box. (表示动作）二 动词的种类。动词 情态动词 can,may,must,need,would be 动词is,am,are,was,were 连系动词 感官类feel,smell,sound,taste,look存在持续类keep,stay,appear 变化类become,get,turn,grow 实义动词hear,say,read,writebe动词的用法

2、我是am,你是are,is跟着他，她和它，复数人称都用are. 如： I am a student. You are a teacher. My father and mother are workers. 连系动词的用法 （1）连系动词一般不用于现在进行时。 如： 误：The cloth is feeling soft. 正：The cloth feels soft. (2)连系动词不用副词来修饰，其后跟形容词做表语。 如： 误：You should keep quietly in the hospital. 正：You should keep quiet in the hospital.情

3、态动词的用法情态动词的用法考点1.can和could的用法。 表示能力，意为“能，会”。She can drive, but she cant ride a bike. 她会开车，但不会骑自行车。I hope to offer you some useful advice. 我希望给你一些有用的建议。He can give you some books. 他能给你一些书。 表示请求或允许，意为“可以”。Can I use your telephone？我能用下你的吗？You can go now. 你现在可以走了。We can ask her for help. 我们可以向她寻求帮助。coul

4、d是can的过去式，表示过去的能力。I could swim all the way across the lake，but I cant now. 我以前可以游过这片湖，但现在不能了。He could cook when he was young. 他年轻时会做饭。He could be saved,but he wasnt sent to hospital in time.他原本可以获救的，但他没有被与时送到医院。 表示请求时，could的语气比can更加委婉，肯定回答用can，而不用could。- Could you lend your car to me? 你可以把你的车借给我吗？-

5、Of course, I can. 当然，可以。考点2：may和might的用法。 表示请求或允许，意为“可以”。其否定回答用mustnt或cant，意为“不可以、不允许、禁止”，不可用may not。You may go home now. 你现在可以回家了。May I have a word with you，please？我能跟你讲话吗?May I have it ? 我能拥有它吗？-May I go now? 我现在可以走了吗？-No, you mustnt. 不，不可以。 表示推测，意为“可能、也许”，用于肯定句中。He may be at home. 他可能在家里。They may

6、 come tomorrow. 他们明天可能会来。 might是may的过去式，表示推测时，可能性比may小。He might go to see the doctor. 他可能去看医生了。She might get angry with you. 她可能生你气了。考点3：must的用法。 表示必须，否定式为mustnt，意为“禁止”。I must go now. 我现在必须走了。We must study hard. 我们必须努力学习。You mustnt play with fire. 你一定不能玩火。 表示推测，意为“一定”，只用于肯定句中，否定句中用cant。The man over

7、there must be my father. 那边那个男的一定是我爸爸。The light is on. Someone must be at home. 灯亮着，家里一定有人。That girl on the playground cant be my sister, because she has gone abroad. 那个女孩一定不是我姐姐，因为她到国外去了。 以must开头的疑问句，肯定回答用must，而否定回答则用neednt或dont have to，意为“不需要、不必”，而不能用mustnt。-Must I hand in the homework now? 我需要马上交

8、作业吗？-No, you neednt / dont have to. 不，你不需要。考点4：need的用法。need作情态动词用时，没有人称和数的变化，直接接动词原形，只用于否定句和疑问句中，构成否定句和疑问句时不用助动词。用need提问时，肯定回答用must，否定回答用neednt。You neednt do it. 你不需要做那件事。-Need I come here tomorrow? 我明天需要来吗？-Yes, you must / No, you neednt(dont have to). 是的，你必须来。/不，你不必。 need作行为动词时，有人称和数的变化，可用于肯定句、否定句

9、或疑问句中，构成否定句和疑问句时要用助动词do, does, did。The boy needs the parents love. 这个孩子需要父母的爱。The flowers in the park needed a lot of water. 花园里的花需要很多水。考点5：shall和should的用法。shall用于第一人称，表示征求对方意见。Shall I open the window? 我可以打开窗户吗？Shall we have lunch at a restaurant? 让我们在餐馆吃午饭好吗？ shall 用于第二、三人称时，表示警告、命令、允诺等。Everyone sh

10、all keep silent during the meeting. 会议期间每个人都要保持安静。My father shall buy me a new bicycle on my birthday. 我爸爸会在我生日的时候给我买辆新的自行车。 should 用来表示义务、责任，意为“应该”。We should obey the traffic rules. 我们应该遵守交通规则。The children should listen to their parents. 孩子应该听父母的话。考点6：will和would的用法。will表示请求、询问或意愿。Will you help me w

11、ith my English? 你可以帮我学习英语吗？He will do anything for his family. 他愿意为自己的家庭做任何事。 would用来表示过去的意愿或委婉的询问。When I was young, I would do a lot of hard work.当我年轻的时候，我愿意做很多艰苦的工作。Would you please tell me how to get to the zoo. 你能告诉我怎么去动物园吗？Would you like to come to my party? 你愿意来参加我的晚会吗？考点7：情态动词用法易混点。can和be abl

12、e to表示能力时，can只用于一般现在时和一般过去时，其他时态要用be able to。另外，表示成功做成某事时，用be able to。Tom couldnt ride the bike, but now he can.汤姆以前不会骑自行车，但是现在会了。He will be able to came back in three days. 再过三天他就可以回来了。A big fire took place in the house, but all the people were able to escape from it. 房子起大火了，但是所有人都成功逃脱了。 must和have

13、to均表示“必须”，但must强调主观意愿，have to强调客观需要。We must study hard at school. 在学校我们必须努力学习。The sun is setting and I have to go home. 太阳要落山了，我必须回家了。 could, would, might等有时并不表示过去，而是表示委婉客气的语气。Could I use your pen? 我可以用你的笔吗？Would you mend the bike for me? 你可以帮我修下自行车吗？实义动词的用法 实义动词一般在句子中做谓语，有人称，时态的变化。实义动词可以单独用作谓语。 如：

14、I like English. The child is playing the piano.动词的基本形式 英语动词有五种基本形式，即动词原形，第三人称单数，过去式，现在分词和过去分词。 动词原形用于固定用法和一般现在时中主语非三单，第三人称单数用于一般现在时中主语为三单，过去式用于一般过去时，现在分词用于进行时，过去分词用于完成时和被动语态。（1） 动词原形变第三人称单数的规则，与名词变复数的规则大致一样： 规 则 例 词 一般的动词在词尾加-s works,reads,looks,lives 以s,x,ch,sh,o结尾的单词在词尾加-es finishes,guesses,catche

15、s,goes,mixes 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i，加es flies,studies,carries 以元音字母加y结尾的动词，直接加s stays,plays 特 殊 has(2) 现在分词 规 则 例 词 一般情况直接在词尾加-ing working,reading,looking 以不发音的e结尾的动词去e加-ing smiling,moving,taking,writing 以字母y结尾的直接加-ing carrying,studying 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母动词，要双写末尾字母加-ing sitting,digging,cutting,planning,

16、shopping, stopping,swimming 以字母ie结尾的动词，将ie改为y加ing die-dying,lie-lying,tie-tying(3) 动词的过去式（规则变化） 规 则 例 词 一般在词尾加-ed worked, asked,jumped 以e结尾的动词直接加d closed,liked,agreed 以辅音字母加y的动词，变y为i，加-ed studied,carried,tried 以元音字母加y的动词，直接加ed played,stayed不规则动词过去式 以重读闭音节且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写末尾字母加-ed stopped,shopped, pl

17、anned,dropped（1）costcost 花费（35）bringbrought带来（2）cutcut 切割（36）buybought 买（3）hithit 打击（37）fightfought 打架（4）hurthurt 伤害（38）thinkthought 认为 （5）letlet让（39）catchcaught 抓住（6）putput 放（40）teachtaught 教（7）readread读（41）lend lent借给（8）drivedrove驾驶（42）sendsent送（9）riderode骑（43）spendspent花费（10）writewrote写（44）buildb

18、uilt建筑（11）winwon赢（45）smellsmelt闻起来（12）getgot得到（46）meetmet遇见（13）become became变得（47）feelfelt感觉（14）comecame来（48）keepkept保持（15）runran跑（49）sleepslept睡觉（16）beginbegan 开始（50）sweepswept打扫（17）drink drank喝（51）leaveleft离开（18）ringrang打（52）standstood站（19）singsang唱歌（53）taketook带走（20）swimswam游泳（54）forgetforgot忘记（2

19、1）givegave给（55）sellsold卖（22）sitsat 坐（56）telltold告诉（23）growgrew生长（57）havehad有（24）knowknew知道（58）hearheard听说（25）throwthrew扔（59）makemade制作（26）drawdrew画画（60）findfound发现（27）fallfell落下（61）paypaid支付（28）blowblew吹（62）saysaid说（29）dodid做（63）eatate吃（30）flyflew飞（64）seesaw看到（31）wearwore穿（65）loselost失去（32）gowent去（6

20、6）lielay躺（33）speakspoke说（67）arewere是（34）breakbroke打断（68）am,iswas是三，动词的时态当我们说时态结构的时候，指的是相应时态下的动词形式，也就是说时态体现在谓语动词的不同形式变化上。下表简单说明了各个时态谓语动词的不同结构变化：（注：表中do代表动词）时态时态定义谓语动词变化 时态标志词现在进行时 表示说话的此时此刻正在进行的动作或事情。 She is singing in the gym. 表示即将到来或很快发生的事，常有“意图”“安排”或“打算”的含义，这样给人一种期待感。 The train is leaving.be动词 + 现

21、在分词（be+动词ing）1.Now,Look，.Listen,. 2.Where is sb? -Sb. is/are doing. 3.-Be quiet! Sb. is/are doing. 4.-What are you doing?一般现在时 表示当前或现阶段事物的状态、特征。 She is a good student. 表示经常性、习惯性、规律性的动作。 She often goes to school at 9:30. 表示客观真理、客观存在、客观事实。 The earth moves around the sun.主语三人称单数主语+动词三单形式She goes She do

22、esnt goDoes she go1. often、sometimes、usually、always、never2. every day（months、years）3. once a week(month,year.)4. twice a week(month,year.)5. on Mondays(Tuesdays.)主语非三单主语 + 动词原形I go I dont goDo you go.?一般过去时 表示过去某一时间发生的动作、事件。动词过去式：动词+ed (talked)1.this morning、2.yesterday,.ago、 3.last year/month/week

23、4.just now不规则的动词过去式 (went)一般将来时 表示打算、计划或意图要做的动作或事件。be going to+动词原形 1.tomorrow、 2.next week/month/week 3.in+时间段will+动词原形一般现在时练习一写出下列动词的第三人称单数 drink _ go _ stay _ make _look _ have_ pass_carry _come_watch_ plant_ fly _study_ brush_ do_teach_二、用括号动词的适当形式填空。1. He often _(have) dinner at home.2. Daniel

24、and Tommy _(be) in Class One.3. We _(not watch) TV on Monday.4. Nick _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.5. _ they _(like) the World Cup?6. What _they often _(do) on Saturdays?7. _ your parents _(read) newspapers every day?8. The girl _(teach) us English on Sundays.9. She and I _(take) a walk together ev

25、ery evening.10. There _(be) some water in the bottle.11. Mike _(like) cooking.12. They _(have) the same hobby.13. My aunt _(look) after her baby carefully.14. You always _(do) your homework well.15. I _(be) ill. Im staying in bed.16. She _(go) to school from Monday to Friday.17. Liu Tao _(do) not li

26、ke PE.18. The child often _(watch) TV in the evening.19. Su Hai and Su Yang _(have) eight lessons this term.20.What day _(be) it today? Its Saturday.三按照要求改写句子。1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改为否定句)_2. I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)_3. She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答)_ 4. Amy likes play

27、ing computer games.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)_5. We go to school every morning.(改为否定句)_6. He speaks English very well.(改为否定句)_7. I like taking photos in the park.(对划线部分提问)_8. John comes from Canada.(对划线部分提问)_9. She is always a good student.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)_10. Simon and Daniel like going skating.(改为否定句)_四改错(划出错

28、误的地方，将正确的写在横线上)1. Is your brother speak English?_2. Does he likes going fishing? _3. He likes play games after class._4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. _5. She dont do her homework on Sundays. _五、将下列动词改成其第三人称单数形式。1.have 2.carry 3.walk 4.wash 5.study 6.sit 7.look 8.live 9.miss 10.go 11.do 12.fly 13.watch

29、14.make 15.catch 16.stop 17.take 18.pull 19.push 20.jump 六、用be动词的适当形式填空。1.I Xiao Ming.I nine years old.2.Dick a singer.3.Excuse me, you a teacher?4.Tom and Lucy good friends.They in the same class.5.What day it today?6.It not a penguin（企鹅）.7.There boxes too heavy for me.8.There a tree on the hill.9.

30、There many birds in the sky.10.My name Martin.I from Australia.七、用括号动词的一般现在时形式填空。1.He (get) up at six oclock.2.He (study)hard.3.Danny sometimes (go) to school by bike.4.The earth (go) around the sun.5.It seldom (rain) here in summer.6.My shirt (be)dirty.And it (need) washing.7.A bird (fly) with wing

31、s.8.Mike always (help) the old man.9.We (start) school today.10.Dad doesnt (like) butter and cheese.11.Miss Liu (teach) us English.12.His father (do) housework, his mother (work) in an office.13.The sun (rise) in the east.14.Mary usually (get up) early in the morning.15. the rabbit (jump) high?Yes,i

32、t .八、单项选择。( )1. his uncle any books?A.DO; haveB.Doe; hasC.Does; hasD.Does; have( )2.My mother every morning.A.ranB.runC.runsD.runs( )3.Lily well in English.A.dont doB.doesnt doC.isnt doD.do( )4. it often rain in spring?Yes.it .A.Does; doesB.Did; didC.Does; doC.Do; do( )5.He usually to the park on Su

33、ndays.A.goB.goesC.wentD.going( )6.Where your friend live?She in Beijing.A.do; liveB.does; livesC.is; liveD.does; live( )7. their mother watch TV at nine?No, she .A.Do; dontB.Does; dontC.Does; doesntD.Do; do( )8. he have any brothers sisters?Sorry, I dont know.A.Do; orB.Do; orC.Does; andD.Does;or( )9

34、.The Greens a big party on Saturdays.A.haveB.hadC.will haveD.has( )10.They usually TV in the evening.A.watchesB.watchC.are watchingD.watched( )11.I ill. Im staying in bed.A.wasB.wereC.amD.is( )12.Do you maths lesson every day?A.haveB.to haveC.havingD.has( )13.Mr Zhang Chinese this term.A.teaches our

35、B.teaches usC.teachs usD.teach our( )14.The earth around the sun.A.movingB.movesC.movedD.moveing( )15.I a dress every day.A.wearsB.wearedC.wearD.wearing现在进行时练习一、写出下列动词的现在分词。1.take2.carry3.ask4.begin5.brush6.buy7.jog8.swim9.catch10.clean11.stop12 e13.dance14.sing15.drink16.plant17.grow18.eat19.get20.

36、glow二、用括号动词的适当形式填空。1.Mary (cook) nice food for her family now.2.Look! It(snow) now.3.We (write) a book this month.4.It (get) dark. Lets go home.5.My father (play) chess with my uncle now.6.Mary (come) soon.7.Listen! The mouse (eat) candies.8. .Excuse me, why are you (cry)?. I lost my book.9.Im sorry

37、! You cant come in.Dad(sleep).10.It(rain)outside.Please close the window!11.Listen, the telephone (ring).12. .What the boy (do) on the road?.He (ride) a bike.13.The birds (fly)over the sea.14.The bananas (get)ripe.15.Look. He (dance) beautifully.三、单项选择。( )1.I cant sleep, because the English teacher

38、is me now.A.lookB.lookingC.looking atD.looks( )2.Look! The cat after a mouse.A.is running B.is runingC.runsD.run( )3.Listen! Jerry a song.A.singB.is singingC.singsD.singing( )4.What is Mike doing?He basketball.A.is playingB.playsC.playD.playing( )5.Be quiet! Mum .A.sleepB.sleepsC.sleepingD.is sleeping( )6.What are the twin sisters doing?.A. Theyre joggingB. Shes joggingC. Theyre joggingD. Shes jogging( )7.Everyone to their teacher in the classroom.A.are listening B.is listeningC.listenedD.liste