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1、Lesson4Lesson6 教材知识详解1. If so, what do you advise them to do? 如果有，你建议他们做什么？advise sb. (not)to do sth.建议某人(不)做某事。advise为动词，意为“建议，劝告，忠告”，其名词形式为 advice。如：My sister advised me to wear that pink coat.我姐姐建议我穿那件粉色的外套。常见的接动词不定式作宾语补足语的结构还有：ask sb. (not) to do sth.请求某人（不）做某事，tell sb. (not) to do sth.告诉某人（不）做某
2、事，warn sb. (not) to do sth.警告某人（不）做某事。2. Smoking is bad for your health. 吸烟对你的健康有害。be bad for sth./sb.有害于某物或某人，其反义词组为be good for；意为“对有好处”，同义词组为be harmful to sb.意为“对某人有害处”。如：Smoking is harmful to your health.抽烟对你的健康有害处。3. Every year, millions of people around the world die as a result of smoking.每年，全
3、世界有上百万的人因吸烟而死亡。millions of意为“上百万的”。当用hundred，thousand，million，billion等词表示一个不具体的数字时，这些词用复数形式，而且常与介词of连用修饰名词。hundred, thousand, million, billion等词前有具体教字时，其本身用单数形式，直接修饰名词。如：During the National Day, millions of travellers came to the Summer Palace.国庆节期间，数百万的游客来到颐和园。as a result of为介词短语，后跟名词、代词等，意为“由于的原因”
4、，相当于because of。如：The train was delayed as a result of the heavy rain. 由于大雨的缘故，火车晚点了。as a result相当于副词，意为“结果是”，后面指事情的结果。如：He got up very late today. As a result, he missed the first bus.他今天起床太晚了。结果，没赶上早班公交车。4., and youre also harming the people around you with your second-hand smoke.而且你也因为你的二手烟而伤害你周围的
5、人。second-hand 二手的，是一个合成形容词，由“数词+名词”构成，中间用连词符连接，其中的名词须用单数形式。如：He is a ten-year-old boy.他是一个十岁的男孩。5. When somebody talks about smoking, change the topic.当有人谈论吸烟时，改变话题。somebody pron.有人，某人，相当于someone，常用在肯定句中。如：Somebody is waiting for you on the bridge.有人正在桥上等你。anybody用在疑问句或否定句中，nobody用在否定句中，everybody用在肯
6、定句中。如：Somebody was selling rare animals, but nobody was watching around.有人在卖珍稀动物，但是没有人围观。6. Once you get into the habit of smoking, its not easy to give it up.旦你养成吸烟的习惯，就很难戒掉。get into the habit of为固定短语，意为“习惯于，养成/染上的习惯”。如：I get into the habit of reading in the early morning.我养成了一大早读书的习惯。give up为固定短语，
7、意为“放弃”，若宾语为人称代词，则须放在give与up之间。give up doing sth.意为“放弃做某事”。give up不能接动词不定式作宾语。如：I wont give up for anything.我不会为任何事放弃的。7. Stay away from cigarettes and you can live a long, healthy and happy life.远离香烟，你会过着长久、健康而幸福的生活。stay away from为固定短语，意为“离开，远离”，与keep away from同义。如：Dont worry or work too hard. We sh
8、ould try to stay away from difficult situations.不要焦虑或太拼命地工作。我们应该试着摆脱困境。8. When Jane was ten years old, she became ill with a terrible disease. 当简十岁的时候，她患了一种可怕的疾病。此句含有When引导的时间状语从句。介词with表示原因，意为“因为；由于”，相当于because of。如：He trembled with fear.他吓得发抖。With Tom away, weve got more room.因为汤姆不在，我们拥有的空间更大了。9.
9、But she dares to try many things.但是她敢于尝试很多事情。dare v.敢，敢于，挑战。如：He didnt dare (to) say what he thought.他不敢说出他的想法。I didnt dare to ask.我不敢问。dare作情态动词时，一般不用于肯定句中，除非是条件从句。如：If you dare do this, Ill give you 100 yuan.如果你敢做这件事，我就给你100块钱。10. She has a special telephone that is hers alone.她有一部特殊的只属于她的电话。hers
10、pron.她的，是第三人称she的名词性物主代词，相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”，其形容词性物主代词为her。如：Whose dress is this?这是谁的连衣裙？一Its hers.是她的。11. Jane is married and has two children.简结婚了，有两个孩子。这是一个简单句，and用来连接两个并列谓语。如：Wu Peng finished supper and did some reading in bed.吴鹏吃完晚饭，躺在床上读书。be married意思是“结婚”，强调状态，可以和一段时间连用。marry sb.意为“与某人结婚”。marry
11、sb. to sb.意为“（父母把女儿）嫁给某人”或“（父母为儿子）娶媳妇”。如：She has been married for a year.她已结婚一年了。Who will Wang Fei marry? 王菲要跟谁结婚？They want to marry their only daughter to a rich young man.他们想要把唯一的女儿嫁给一个富有的年轻人。12. From her wheelchair, Jane cheers as her son runs and kicks the ball.当她的儿子跑并且进球时，简在轮椅上为他加油。cheer v.欢呼，喝
12、彩，加油。常用短语：cheer up(使)振作起来。如：The crowd cheered loudly as the super movie star appeared.当这位电影巨星出现时，群众高声呼唤。13. If you only focus on your problems, youll have a life full of them.如果你只关注你的困难，你就会过充满困难的生活。focus on意为“关注，集中于，致力于”，表示在一段时间内专注于一件事情。focus ones attention /mind/ effort on sth.把某人的注意力/想法/努力集中在某事上。如
13、：Focus on writing your report, please.请你专心写报告。14. People who dont know how lucky they are.那些不知道他们有多幸运的人。who此处引导定语从句，其先行词为People。在定语从句中，若先行词为人，定语从句的引导词常用who；若引导词在从句中作宾语，则引导词用who/ whom皆可。如：Do you know Mr. Hu who/whom the children like very much?你认识孩子们非常喜欢的胡老师吗？lucky为形容词，意为“幸运的”，反义词为unlucky，意为“不幸的，倒霉的”
14、。 luck为名词，意为“运气”；luckily为副词，意为“幸运地”。如：He is very lucky to pass the difficult driving test.他非常幸运通过了这次很难的驾驶考试。Good luck to you! 祝你好运！Luckily, he wasnt knocked down by that bike.幸运的是，他没有被那辆自行车撞倒。15. I dont have it anymore, but I dont have an appendix, either!我不再有阑尾炎了，但我也没有了阑尾！not. anymore=no more意为“不再”
15、，指做某事的次数不再增加，多与非延续性动词连用。如：We didnt see him anymore.=We saw him no more.我们再也没有看到他。 (1)notanymore(any more) = no more意为“不再”，指做某事的次数不再增加，多与非延续性动词连用。She doesnt come here anymore.= She no more comes here.她不再来这里了。(2)not.any longer=no longer意为“不再”，指时间上不再延续，多与延续性动词连用。如：She doesnt live here any longer.= She
16、no longer lives here.她不再在这儿住了。16. Now Im feeling much better.现在我感觉好多了。much better意为“好得多”，better是形容词well的比较级。在形容词或副词的比较级前可以用much来修饰，表示“得多”。可以修饰比较级的词(组)还有：a bit, a little, rather, far, a lot, even等。如：This flower is much more beautiful than that one.这朵花比那朵花漂亮得多。17. Now that you mention it, Wang Mei als
17、o had a bad day.既然你提到了这件事，王梅也度过了糟糕的一天。now that连词词组，意为“既然，由于”，引导原因状语从句。在原因状语从句中，now that与since意义相近，都可表示“既然，因为”，但语气较弱，强调人们已知道的事实。如：Now that you are ill, let me cook meals for you.既然你病了，让我为你做饭吧。mention v.提到，写到(某人或某事）。Dont mention it.别提了，别客气。not to mention更不必说，更谈不上。如：No one mentioned that in the meeting.在会议上没有人提到那件事。18. I think we should try hard to form good habits so that we can stay healthy and stay away from the hospital! 我认为我们应该努力养成好习惯，以便我们能保持健康并远离医院！so that意为“以便，以至于”，引导结果或目的状语从句。如：They walked fast so that they could reach the office before 7:30.他们走得很快以便能在7:30前到达办公室。 5 / 5