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1、学案学案 2 Grammar(Page18,20,21)adverbial clauses with ing（动词的（动词的-ing 形式做状语）形式做状语）Learning aims:1.掌握掌握 V-ing 形式作状语的基本用法。形式作状语的基本用法。1）V-ing 作状语作状语=相应的状语从句相应的状语从句 2）连词）连词/介词介词+Ving 的结构的结构2.掌握掌握 V-ing 的否定形式，被动形式及完成式。的否定形式，被动形式及完成式。3.了解了解 V-ing 形式的独立主格结构。形式的独立主格结构。课前预习课前预习一、.Analyze the function of v-ing f
2、orm in each sentence.1.Seeing is believing.V-ing 形式作_2.I suggested asking his brother for some money.V-ing 形式作_3.China is a developing country.V-ing 形式作_4.Who is the man talking with your English teacher?V-ing 形式作_5.He found himself standing under a row of trees.V-ing 形式作_6.Will,still watching,saw t
3、he cat behave curiously.V-ing 形式作_7.Turning around,she saw a car driving up.V-ing 形式作_归纳：V-ing 在句中可作_ _ _ _ _ _.动词的-ing 形式作状语，用来进一步说明谓语动词的动作或者说明整个句子所表达的概念，其逻辑主语应与主句的主语一致，即分词的动作必须和句中的主语含有逻辑上的主谓关系，否则不能使用 v-ing 作状语。在意义上可表示时间、原因、方式、伴随、条件、结果、让步等，这时它相当于一个状语从句。它的位置比较灵活，可以置于句首、句中或句末，有时用逗号分开，有时也不用。课堂内容课堂内容一一
4、.v.-ing 作状语的用法作状语的用法1.用作时间状语，相当于用作时间状语，相当于 when while 引导的从句引导的从句（1）Hearing the news,they jumped with great joy.(=When they heard the news,they jumped with great joy.)while working in the factory,I learnt a lot from the workers.(=While _,I learnt a lot from the workers.)（2）注：a)为强调与谓语的动作同时发生，在 ving 前可
5、用连词 when,while 等。为强调与谓语动作之 前或之后发生，在 ving 前可用连词 before 或 aftereg:Be careful when crossing the road.Before going abroad,he studied in Peking university.After watching TV,he went to bed.b)在 ving 可用介词 on 表“一就”eg:On arriving in Bei Jing,he went to see his uncle.2.用作原因状语用作原因状语,相当于相当于 as,since,because 引导的从
6、句引导的从句。Being poor(=_),she didnt want to buy the coat she liked.因为穷，她不想买那件喜欢的外套。Not knowing the way(=_),she asked a policeman.注：“现在分词 being+名词（形容词）”位于句首，通常是作原因状语。不可以把它用作时间状语。Being a senior middle school student,he must work hard.=_ he is a senior middle school student,he must work hard.3.用作方式、伴随状语时不能
7、用状语从句替换，但可以改成并列句用作方式、伴随状语时不能用状语从句替换，但可以改成并列句。She sat at the desk reading a newspaper(伴随).=She sat at the desk and read a newspaper.He sent me an e-mail,hoping to get further information.=_4.用作条件状语，相当于用作条件状语，相当于 if,unless 引导的从句。引导的从句。Turning right at the crossing,you will see the post office.(=If you
8、 turn right at the crossing,you will see the post office.)Work hard,and youll succeed.(=_)5.表示结果（自然结果）表示结果（自然结果）,相当于相当于 so,so that 等引导的从句。等引导的从句。His parents died,leaving the baby an orphan.The bus was held up by the snowstorm,thus causing the delay.(副词 thus 强调结果)=The bus was held up by the snowstorm
9、,so that _.注：a)不定式也可以作结果状语，但表示出乎意料的结果。如：eg:He hurried to the post office,only to find it was closed.b)强调结果可在 ving 前加副词 thuseg:The bus held up by the snowstorm,thus causing the delay.6.用作让步状语时相当于用作让步状语时相当于 though,although 等引导的从句等引导的从句Admitting what he said(=_),I still think he hasnt tried his best.尽管
10、我承认他的话，我还是认为他没有尽全力。注：表示让步可在 ving 前用 though although.总结总结：（1）Ving 作状语逻辑主语必须与主句的主语_,与主句的主语为_ 关系。（2）Ving 可作_状语。（3）连词+ving 形式 when while before after+_（时间）介词+ving 形式 on+_（时间）副词+ving 形式 thus+_(结果）二二.动词动词-ing 形式的否定式形式的否定式 _Not knowing how to do it,he asked the teacher for advice.Not having finished my wor
11、k,I am still doing it day and night.Not having been watered for a long time,the flower died.三、三、v.-ing 的时态和语态的时态和语态主动语态被动语态ving 一般式ving 完成式用所给词适当形式填空1）_(be)a student,he was interested in books.2）_(finish)his homework,the boy went out to play football.The large building _(build)down the street will b
12、e a hospital.注：现在分词的完成式一般只作状语。Eg:Having finished the work,I went home happily.四、独立成分四、独立成分(1)有些分词短语可以作独立成分，用来解释这个句子，不受句子主语的限制。常见分词短语有：generally speaking（一般说来）,supposing（假设）,judging from/by（从判断）Generally speaking,girls are more careful than boys.Supposing you lose,what will you do?Judging from his ac
13、cent,he must be from the south.(2)ving 作状语时，它的逻辑主语一般需与句子的主语一致。但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。独立主格结构通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况，有时还可以表示时间、原因或条件。如：Night coming on(=When night came on),we started for home.如果天气允许的话，party 将在花园被举办。翻译：_课堂练习课堂练习1.Rewrite the underlined part in each sentence,using ving1)When she was cook
14、ing in the kitchen,she burnt her finger.2)While he worked in the workshop,he made many friends there.3)If you have another look,you will see the mistake in the sentence.4)The witch leapt into the air and vanished.2.Finish the part 3(p21)3.T or F1）While reading the book,the telephone rang.2）Looking o
15、ut through the window,the garden was beautiful.课堂总结：_课堂自测I 用所给词的适当形式填空。1._(wonder)in the street,Henry didnt know what to do next.2.Not _(realise)Susan was angry,Peter continued to say something about herbrother.3.On _(see)the silk dress,Lucy fell in love with it.4.He rushed to the station,_(find)tha
16、t the train had left.5.The teacher entered the room，_(follow)by some students.6.With his hair _(cut),he looked much younger.7.If you something you love doing outside of the office,you ll be less likely _(bring)your work home.8.I was the first Western TV reporter _(permit)to film a special unit carin
17、g forpandas rescued from starvation in the wild.9.People probably cooked their food in large pots,_(use)twigs to remove it.10.Remember _(turn)off the lights before you go to bed.II 单选1.Pressed from his parents,and _ that he has wasted too much time,the boy isdetermined to stop playing video games.A
18、realizingB realizedC to realizeD being realized2.The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows,_ aie conditioningunnecessary.A makingB to makeC madeD being made3.Like ancient sailors,birds can find their way _ the sun and the stars.A usedB having usedC usingD use4.Clearly and thoughtfully _,the
19、 book inspires confidence in students who wish toseek their own answers.A writingB to writeC writtenD being written5._ to work overtime that evening,I missed a wonderful film.A Having been askedB To askC Having askedD To be asked6.The club,_ 25 years ago,is holding a party for past and present membe
20、rs.A foundedB foundingC being foundedD to be founded7._ for two days,Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.A To workB WorkedC To be workingD Having worked8._ which university to attend,the girl asked her teacher for advice.A Not knowingB Not knownC Knowing notD Known notIII 单句改错1.They stood there,watched the students playing basketball2.While worked in New York,I learned a lot from my colleagues.3.Helping by their teacher,the students finished the task successfully.4.There was no bus,they had to walk home after tidying the room.5.Having been worked hard all day,I went to bed early.