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1、关于定语从句讲解图表第1页，讲稿共38张，创作于星期日Complex sentence 复合句：复合句：由由连词连词连接两个或多个连接两个或多个主谓结构主谓结构的句子，其中一个主谓结构是句子的句子，其中一个主谓结构是句子的的主要部分（主句）主要部分（主句），另一个或一个以上的主谓结构只在句子中作，另一个或一个以上的主谓结构只在句子中作某个成分某个成分（如主语、宾语、表语、（如主语、宾语、表语、定语定语、状语、同位语）。、状语、同位语）。复合句复合句 =主句主句+定语从句定语从句一个主谓结构是句子一个主谓结构是句子的的主要部分（主句）主要部分（主句）另一个或一个以上的主谓结构另一个或一个以上的主
2、谓结构只在句子中作只在句子中作某个成分（定语）某个成分（定语）The students(who do not study hard)will not pass the exam.主句主语主句主语从句主语从句主语从句谓语结构从句谓语结构主句谓语结构主句谓语结构第2页，讲稿共38张，创作于星期日在句子中作在句子中作定语定语，修饰，修饰名词名词或或代词代词的从句。这种从句由的从句。这种从句由关系代词关系代词或或关系副词关系副词引导，并作句子成分。引导，并作句子成分。定语从句还叫做定语从句还叫做嵌入句嵌入句，因形容词作定语，所以又称之为因形容词作定语，所以又称之为形容词性从句形容词性从句。Attrib
3、utive clause:定语从句的位置：通常在先行词（在主句中）后。定语从句的位置：通常在先行词（在主句中）后。定语从句的引导词关系关系代词代词关系关系副词副词指人指人指物指物who(主语、宾语主语、宾语)，whom(宾语宾语)，that(主语、宾语主语、宾语),whose(定语定语)that(主语、宾语主语、宾语),which(主语、宾语主语、宾语)whose(定语定语)where(地点状语地点状语)when(时间状语时间状语)why(原因状语原因状语)第3页，讲稿共38张，创作于星期日Attributive clause:限制性定语从句限制性定语从句 restrictive非限制性定语从
4、句非限制性定语从句non-restrictive是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句关系十分密切，句和主句关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。写时不用逗号分开。和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明，和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明，如如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句，果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句，写时往往逗写时往往逗号分开。号分开。I was the only person who was invitedin my office.Jenn
5、y,with whom I played table tennisyesterday,lives in my next room.The man who came here yesterday has come again.That is Mr.Wang,whose daughter teaches English at a middle school.注意：注意：引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词不可用引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词不可用that，指，指人人时用时用who(主语主语),whom(宾宾语语)，指，指物物时须用时须用which.第4页，讲稿共38张，创作于星期日考点一考点一:如何判定
6、用如何判定用关系代词关系代词还是用还是用关系副词关系副词1 1、找出定语从句中是否、找出定语从句中是否主语和宾语都齐全主语和宾语都齐全。如齐全。如齐全用关系副词用关系副词。用什么关系副词看先行词。用什么关系副词看先行词。I will never forget the days(_ I stayed with you).when_Jurassic Park is about a park _(a very rich man keeps differentkinds of dinosaurs)._where1958 was the year _(Spielberg made his first r
7、eal film)._Please give me the reason _(you made such a great success)._whenwhyMorning is the best time _(you practise reading aloud)._whenDo you remember the lake _(you first met your girlfriend.）_where第5页，讲稿共38张，创作于星期日2 2、如定语从句中缺宾语，确定定语从句的谓语动词是不是及物、如定语从句中缺宾语，确定定语从句的谓语动词是不是及物 动词，如是，用动词，如是，用关系代词，关系代词
8、，如不是，用如不是，用关系副词。关系副词。考点一考点一:如何判定用如何判定用关系代词关系代词还是用还是用关系副词关系副词 Yesterday we went to visit the house _(the great writer used to live)._wherein whichThe house _(they built in 1987)stayed up in the earthquake.which that /_ _Luckily none of the people _(I know)were killed in the earthquake.whowhom that /_
9、My father was born in the year _(the Second World War broke out)._in whichwhen第6页，讲稿共38张，创作于星期日3 3、如定语从句中谓语结构是被动结构，有主语，则用、如定语从句中谓语结构是被动结构，有主语，则用关系副词。关系副词。Kunming is a beautiful place _(flowers are seen all the year round).whereOctober 1st is the day _(new China was founded).whenThe window(_ was open
10、ed this morning)has been broken.which thatThe meeting (_ will be held next week)is very important.which that考点一考点一:如何判定用如何判定用关系代词关系代词还是用还是用关系副词关系副词第7页，讲稿共38张，创作于星期日考点二：考点二：thatthatthatthat和和和和whichwhich的选择的选择 (1)that (1)that指物时一般可以与指物时一般可以与whichwhich互换，但在下列情况互换，但在下列情况引导词只引导词只用用thatthat，不用，不用whichwhi
11、ch。当先行词为当先行词为all,much,little,few,none,something,anything,everything,nothing等不定代词时，如：等不定代词时，如：a.All that can be done has been done.b.I am sure she has something(that)you can borrow.c.There is little(that)the enemy can do besides surrender.先行词被先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much修饰时修饰时：Ive read all t
12、he books(that)you gave me.第8页，讲稿共38张，创作于星期日考点二：考点二：thatthatthatthat和和和和whichwhichwhichwhich的选择的选择的选择的选择先行词被先行词被序数词序数词或或形容词最高级形容词最高级修饰时。修饰时。This is the best book(that)Ive ever read.This is the first composition(that)he has written in English.先行词被先行词被the only,the very,the last the only,the very,the la
13、st 修饰时。修饰时。That white flower is the only one (that)I really like.This is the very book(that)I want to find.当有两个或两个以上分别表示当有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物人和物的先行词时，这个定语从句的先行词时，这个定语从句要用要用thatthat而不用而不用who(whom)who(whom)和和whichwhich引导。如：引导。如：He talked about the teachers and schools（that）he had visited.第9页，讲稿共38张，创作于星期日W
14、hichWhich可以引导可以引导非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句，可用于，可用于介词介词后，其先行词可后，其先行词可是一个词是一个词,也可是整个也可是整个主句或主句的某一部分主句或主句的某一部分。1.She heard a terrible noise,_ brought her heart into her mouth.A.it B.which C.this D.that 2.The weather turned out to be good,_ was more than we could expect.A.what B.which C.that D.it 考点二：考点二：thattha
15、tthatthat和和和和whichwhich的选择的选择（2 2 2 2）只用）只用）只用）只用whichwhichwhichwhich的情况的情况的情况的情况 B B 第10页，讲稿共38张，创作于星期日考点三：考点三：as与与which引导的定语从句引导的定语从句对这两个词作如下归纳：对这两个词作如下归纳：1、如果定语放主句后，即引用、如果定语放主句后，即引用as也可以用也可以用which.He failed to the exam,as(=which)is natural.Grammar is not a dead rule,which(=as)I have said before.2
16、 2、如果从句在主句前，这时要用、如果从句在主句前，这时要用asas而不用而不用whichwhich引导引导 定语从定语从句。如：句。如：As we all know,his parents were killed in the war.As we all know,the earth is round.第11页，讲稿共38张，创作于星期日3.用于用于the sameas,suchas，asas,soas中，中，一般用一般用as。e.g.Such books as you tell me are interesting.This is the same book as I lent you y
17、esterday.4.as代表前面主句意思时，有代表前面主句意思时，有“正如正如”之意，而之意，而which没有此意没有此意思，从句中的动词常是思，从句中的动词常是expect,know,see,think,want,suppose等。等。He won the match,as we had expected.He agreed to the plan,as was to be expected.The police were looking for him,as he thought.考点三：考点三：as与与which引导的定语从句引导的定语从句Here is so big a stone
18、as no man can lift.第12页，讲稿共38张，创作于星期日5.as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如be known，be said，be reported等，等，e.g.She has been late again,as was expected.6.如果从句的内容对主句内容起着消极作用，或者说导致的结果，如果从句的内容对主句内容起着消极作用，或者说导致的结果，则用则用which.a.He cheated his friend of much money,which was very disgraceful.b.
19、He came back late,which made his mother worried.考点三：考点三：as与与which引导的定语从句引导的定语从句第13页，讲稿共38张，创作于星期日考点四：关系代词前介词的确定关系代词前介词的确定如何选定介词如何选定介词:1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：e.g.Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles?2.根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：e.g.Can you explain t
20、o me how to use these idioms about which Im not sure.3.根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：e.g.1949 was the year in which the P.R.C.was founded.第14页，讲稿共38张，创作于星期日4.非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“数词数词/代词代词+of+关系代词关系代词”的结构，如：的结构，如：e.g.There are 60 students in our class,two-thirds of
21、whom have been to Beijing.5.Whose从句可转换为从句可转换为“of+关系代词关系代词”型，如：型，如：e.g.They live in a house,whose door opens to the south.They lived in a house,of which the door opens to the south.They lived in a house,the door of which open to the south.第15页，讲稿共38张，创作于星期日关系副词关系副词when,where,why可以用适当的可以用适当的介词介词+which
22、来替代。如：来替代。如：when=in/on/at+which,where=in/on/at+which,why=for+which 介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。eg.1.I wont forget the date when(on which)I was born.2.This is the room where(in which)I lived.=This is the room which I lived in.3.I dont know the reason why(for which)he h
23、avent come today.4.Tom still remembers the days when(in which)they lived in Tianjin.考点四：关系代词前介词的确定关系代词前介词的确定第16页，讲稿共38张，创作于星期日思考？思考？是否所有的介词是否所有的介词+关系代词都能用关系副词代替关系代词都能用关系副词代替?The painting(_ I looked)was painted by me.at whichThe book(_ I heard)was written twenty years ago.about whichThe pen(_ she wro
24、te that book)can now be seen ina museum.with whichKunming is a beautiful place _ (flowers are seen all the year round).where/in whichI will never forgot the day _ I first met you on the ship.on which/whenduring whichThe film(_I fell asleep)was very boring.结论：结论：只有当介词只有当介词+关系代词充当地点状语、时间状语或原因状语关系代词充当地
25、点状语、时间状语或原因状语时，才能用关系副词代替。时，才能用关系副词代替。第17页，讲稿共38张，创作于星期日Correct the sentences:1.Im using the pen which he bought it yesterday.3.The man whom I spoke is from Canada.4.July 1,1999 is the day when well never forget.(去掉去掉)_to_which5.The students and things which you spoke of are known to us._that第18页，讲稿共
26、38张，创作于星期日5.Einstein is such a great scientist that we must learn from.6.The student whos book I had borrowed didnt come to school today.7.Who is the worker who took some pictures of the factory.8.The third place which we are going to visit is Hangzhou9.Which is known to all,many satellite are going
27、 around in the sky._as_whosethat_that_As第19页，讲稿共38张，创作于星期日练习题练习题1、All_ is useful to us is good.A、whichB、whatC、thatD、whether第20页，讲稿共38张，创作于星期日3、She will never forget the day_ she spent in Beijing.A、whenB、whatC、whichD、why第21页，讲稿共38张，创作于星期日4、This is the school _ my father worked 20 years ago.A、thatB、wh
28、enC、whichD、where第22页，讲稿共38张，创作于星期日5、This is the very factory _we visited last year.A、thatB、whichC、whatD、the one第23页，讲稿共38张，创作于星期日6、The text is one of the most interesting stories_learnt in the past three days.A、that haveB、that have beenC、which hasD、which has been第24页，讲稿共38张，创作于星期日7、The college wont
29、take anyone _ eyesight is weak.A、whoB、whoseC、of whomD、which第25页，讲稿共38张，创作于星期日8、Let me think of a proper situation _ this sentence can be used.A、whereB、thatC、of whomD、which第26页，讲稿共38张，创作于星期日9、The man _ you are talking is in the next room.A、to whomB、about whomC、about whoD、whom第27页，讲稿共38张，创作于星期日10、This
30、 is the last factory _ he used to work at,many workers of _ still have a good relationship with him.A、that;itB、which;whomC、that;whichD、which;that第28页，讲稿共38张，创作于星期日11、Those _ to take part in the game write down your names.A、whoB、who wantC、what wantsD、want第29页，讲稿共38张，创作于星期日12、I，_ your good friend,will
31、 try my best to help you out.A、who is B、what is C、what am D、who am 第30页，讲稿共38张，创作于星期日13、His walking stick,_ he cant walk,was lost yesterday.A、thatB、with whichC、whichD、without which第31页，讲稿共38张，创作于星期日14、They have decided to finish their work,_,I think is a wise choice.A、thatB、whatC、whichD、whether第32页，
32、讲稿共38张，创作于星期日15、I dont like the way _ he spoke to me.A、by thatB、whatC、by whichD、/第33页，讲稿共38张，创作于星期日16、This is the only thing _ I can do now.A、whatB、whichC、thatD、all第34页，讲稿共38张，创作于星期日17、There are three libraries in our school,_ were built five years ago.A、all of themB、either of themC、all of whichD、both of that第35页，讲稿共38张，创作于星期日18、He told me the reason _ he didnt come here.A、whichB、thatC、whyD、what第36页，讲稿共38张，创作于星期日19、This is the reason _ he told me.A、thatB、whyC、on whichD、for that第37页，讲稿共38张，创作于星期日感谢大家观看第38页，讲稿共38张，创作于星期日