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1、有机化学方程式（选修五）烷烃（甲烷为例）1甲烷和氯气发生取代反应CH4+Cl2CH3Cl+HCl CH3Cl+Cl2CH2Cl2+HCl CH2Cl2+Cl2CHCl3+HCl CHCl3+Cl2CCl4+HCl2CnH2n+2(3n1)/2O2 nCO2(n1)H2O烯烃（乙烯为例）1CH2=CH2 Br2CH2Br CH2Br2CH2=CH2 H2O CH3CH2OH3CH2=CH2 HCl CH3CH2Cl4CH2=CH2 H2 CH3CH35nCH2=CH2 CH2CH2n6CnH2n3n/2O2 nCO2nH2O炔烃（乙炔为例）1CH CH 2H2 CH3CH32CH CH HCl
2、CH2=CHClCH Br2 CHBr=CHBr4CH CH 2Br2 CHBr2CHBr25nCH2=CHCl CH2 CH n6C4H10 C2H4C2H6苯1 HNO3NO2H2O2Br2(液溴)Br HBr光照光照光照光照催化剂催化剂催化剂点燃点燃催化剂催化剂加热、加压浓硫酸5560催化剂催化剂催化剂FeCl3Cl名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 1 页，共 3 页 -33H2苯的同系物（甲苯为例）3 3HNO33H2O4、卤代烃（溴乙烷为例）1CH3CH2BrNaOH CH3CH2OH NaBr2CH3CH2BrNaOH CH2=CH2 NaBrH2O醇12CH3CH
3、2OH 2Na 2CH3CH2ONa H22CH3CH2OH HBr CH3CH2Br H2O3CH3CH2OH CH2=CH2 H2O42CH3CH2OH CH3CH2O CH2CH3H2O52CH3CH2OH O2 2CH3CHO 2H2O62CH3CH(OH)CH3O2 2CH3COCH3H2O7.C(CH3)3 OHO2 很难被氧化酚（苯酚为例）12 2Na2 H2 2 NaOH H2O3CO2 H2O NaHCO3催化剂CH3浓硫酸5560CH3O2NNO2NO2醇浓硫酸170浓硫酸140催化剂催化剂OHONaOHONaONaOHCH3KMnO4(H+)COOHH2O催化剂名师资料总
4、结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 2 页，共 3 页 -4 Na2CO3 NaHCO353Br2 3HBr6.溶液呈紫色醛（乙醛为例）1CH3CHO H2 CH3CH2OH22CH3CHO O2 2CH3COOH3CH3CHO 2Ag(NH3)2OH CH3COONH43NH3H2O 2Ag4CH3CHO 2Cu(OH)2+NaOHCH3COONa Cu2O 3H2O羧酸1CH3CHOOH CH3CH2OHCH3COOCH2CH3 H2O酯1CH3COOCH2CH3H2OCH3CHOOHCH3CH2OH2.CH3COOCH2CH3NaOHCH3CHOONaCH3CH2OHOHOHBrBrBrOHONa催化剂催化剂浓硫酸稀硫酸OHFeCl3溶液名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 3 页，共 3 页 -