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1、语法复习十九：冠词（一）考纲要求考纲规定，冠词考查基本用法，包括定冠词与不定冠词，不定冠词a 与 an 的区别；不用冠词的情况；习语中的冠词；特指与泛指等。（二）命题导向冠词规则的灵活运用是高考命题的一个热点，几乎每年高考题的单项选择或完形填空都有涉及冠词的题目，不定冠词和定冠词的一些特殊用法，习惯用法及不用冠词的情况是高考重点考查的知识点。（三）基本用法当代语法把冠词分为不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词（即不用冠词）三种。冠词是一种虚词，起限定作用，是最主要最典型的限定词，放在名词（或名词化的形容词分词）前面，说明其所指的人或物。1、定冠词的基本用法：表示上文提到过的人或事物。如：I have bo
2、ught a book.The book is very useful.用于说话人与听话人心中都有数的人或事物。如：Close the window,please.用于表示世界上独一无二的事物前。如：the sun,the moon,the earth,the world 等。用于表示方位的名词之前。如：the east,the right.用于序数词或形容词的最高级之前。如：the first,the tallest.用于形容词之前，使其名词化。如：the sick,the wounded.用于由普通名词构成的专有名词之前。如：the United States,the United Nat
3、ion.用于江河、海洋、海峡、山脉、群岛、建筑物等的名词之前。如：the Changjiang River,the East Lake.用于复数姓氏之前，表示“夫妇”或“全家”。如：The Smiths 用于乐器的名词前。如：play the piano;play the violin.发明物。如：The compass was invented in China.年代名词前。如：He lived in the countryside in the 1970s.固定词组中。如：in the morning(afternoon,evening),on the other hand,at the
4、same time 2、不定冠词的基本用法：泛指一个。如：There is a book on the table.指人或事物的某一种类。如：His father is a driver.Longjing is a wonderful tea.指某一个人或事物，但不具体说明。如：My sister was saved by a PLA man in the fire.用于某一些表示重量、长度、时间等单位前，表示“每一”。如：We have meals three times a day.（我们一天吃三餐。）表示同样的。如：They are of an age.（他们是同岁。）表数量，相当于on
5、e,但语意较弱。如：There is a pen and two books on the desk.使抽象名词具体化。如：The little girl is a help to her mother.（a hand译帮手）固定搭配。如：as a matter of fact,in a hurry,in a word 3、不用冠词的情况：表示总称的复数名词之前。如：Children love cartoons.（儿童喜欢卡通影片。）不含普通名词的专有名词前。如：We are studying English.名词前有指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰时。如：I like this
6、picture;I do not have any money;As time went on,Einstein s theory proved to be correct.季节、月份、星期等名词前，一般不用冠词。如：She likes spring most.呼语前不用冠词。如：What shall I do next,Mother?三餐饭前不用冠词。如：What did you have for lunch?节假日前不用冠词。如：People give gifts to each other on Christmas Day.球类和棋类运动的名称前不用冠词。如：She is fond of
7、 playing basketball.在一些成对出现的短语中不用冠词。如：arm in arm（手挽手）;hand in hand（手牵手）;side by side（肩对肩）;day and day（日日夜夜）;young and old（老老少少）;from door to door（挨门挨户）;from beginning to end（从头到尾）;from morning till night（从早到晚）等。名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 1 页，共 5 页 -练习（一）、冠词1.In America,_ car is _ popular means of tran
8、sportation（交通设施）.A.the,the B.a,the C.the,/D.the,a 2.-What happened?-They left in such _ hurry that they forgot to lock _ door.A.a,a B.a,the C./,the D./,a 3.There were two small rooms in the house,_ smaller of which served as _ kitchen.A.a,the B.the,a C.the,the D.a,a 4.I ordered _ book some time ago.
9、_ book has arrived.A.a,The B.the,A C.a,A D./,The 5.Mr Smith is _ European and his wife is _ American.A.an,an B.a,a C.a,an D.an,a 6.Lesson 10 is _ most difficult lesson,but it isn t _ most difficult lesson in Book One.A.a,a B.a,the C.the,the D.the,a 7.My sister works in a factory.She goes home once _
10、 month.A.a B.an C.the D.every 8.He was absent because he had caught _.A.heavy a cold B.the heavy cold C.a heavy cold D.heavy cold 9._ water is _ liquid.A.The,a B.A,a C./,/D./,a 10.In winter _ people often hang up wet clothes near _ fire.A./,/B.a,a C./,a D.the,a 11.He has tried twice,and the captain
11、asks him to have _ third try.A.a B.the C.another D.other 12.He was a top student in the class,he often got _ in English.A.first B.a first C.second D.the second 13._ horse is _ useful animal.A.The,the B.The,a C.The,an D./,a 14.Tom left Shanghai in _.A.the summer 1995 B.summer 1995 C.1995 the summer D
12、.the summer of 1995 15._ children here live _ most happy life.A.The,the B.The,a C.The,/D./,the 16.The soldier died during _ World War I.A.the B.the first C./D.a 17.In _ Marx began to learn Russian.A.a 1870 B.1870s C.the year of 1870 D.the 1870s 18.Alice is _ of the two girls.A.taller B.the tall C.mo
13、re tall D.the taller 19.-Can your sister play _?-No,but she can play _.A.the tennis,the piano B.tennis,piano C.the tennis,piano D.tennis,the piano 20.The introduction is always in _ of a book.A.front B.the front C.a front D.instead 21.She touched her daughter gently _ shoulder.A.in her B.on her C.in
14、 the D.on the 22.Both _ wounded and _ sick were sent to safety.A./,/B.the,the C./,the D.the,/23._ doctors and _ nurses should care for their patients.A.The,the B./,/C.The,/D./,the 24.Tell us the story as _ Mother told you.A.a B.the C.an D./25.Do you know how long _ has lived on the earth?A.man B.the
15、 man C.a man D.men 26.The man was once thrown into _ prison for robbing the bank.A.a B.an C.the D./27._ Mount Tai is in the east of China.A.A B.The C./D.That 28.I like _ history.I am studying _ history of China.A.the,/B./,the C.a,/D./,a 29.He wrote a letter _ pencil.A.with B.in C.in a D.use a 30.On
16、October 1,the Chinese people celebrated _ with new achievements and victories.A.National Day B.the National Day C.our National Day D.a National Day 名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 2 页，共 5 页 -练习（二）、冠词1.-You mean you know the man?-I know_ man exactly like him.A.other B.the C./D.a 2.Wouldnt it be_ wonderful w
17、orld if all nations live in _peace with one another?A.a,/B.the,/C.a,theD.the,the 3.-I hear that as many as 1,500 people were killed in the earthquake.-Yes,_ news came as _ shock to us.A.a,a B.the,a C./,/D./,a 4.At midnight they reached _ small village _ east of _ Everwhite Mountain.A.a,/,the B.a,/,/
18、C.the,the,theD.the,an,an 5.Nanjing lies on _ Changjiang River and has _ population of more than four million.A.the,the B.the,/C.the,aD./,a 6.Bill Clinton took _ office on January 20th,1993 and left _ office on January 20th,2001.A./,/B.his,his C.the,theD.an,his 7.We learn to go all out to work for _
19、good of _ society.A.the,/B./,/C./,a D.the,the 8.Paris is _ most beautiful city,where you can see _ famous Eiffel Tower.A.a,the B.a,/C.the,aD.the,the 9.-What about _ bike?-Do you think it all right to buy him _ bike as _ birthday present?A.the,the,the B.a,the,a C.the,a,theD.the,the,a 10.He had decide
20、d to give it up,but on _ second thoughts he decided to try _ third time.A.the,a B./,/C.a,aD./,a 11.Towards _ morning,_ heavy rain began to fall.A.the,a B.a,a C.the,/D.the,/12.-Excuse me,where are _ books for biology?-Follow me.They re on this shelf.Do you want _ new or used book?A.a,a B.a,the C.the,
21、a D.the,the 13.Young as he is,David has gained _ rich experience in _ society.A./,/B.the,the C.a,/D./,the 14.-My son is lost.Did you see a boy passing by?-I saw _ boy hidden behind _ tree over there.You may go and have a look.A.a,a B.the,the C.a,theD.the,a 15.Mary climbed to the top of the mountain
22、in _ hurry,looked down and found in _ surprise that _ whole town took on a new look.A.a,the,the B.a,/,the C./,/,the D./,/,a 16.In _ old society many young women died by so curious and cruel _ custom.A.an,a B./,the C.the,a D.the,/17.-You re sure to help me find _ bed for my new house?-Sure,but not no
23、w.Im heading for _ bed and a good sleep.A.a,a B.the,a C.a,/D.the,/18.The wheel is thought to be _ first invention of _ transportation.A.the,the B.a,a C.a,/D.the,/19.Some people say that _ British are _ funny people.A.the,a B./,the C./,/D.the,/20.Don t worry about _ mistakes.They re _ natural part of
24、 learning.A./,a B.the,/C./,the D.the,the 21.-Selma looks especially pretty tonight.-Yes,she always looks her best in _ of that kind.A.the dress B.a dress C.dress D.the dresses 22.-_did you think of the exhibition?-Oh,it was _ success.A.How,really a B.What,great C.How,/D.What,quite a 23.The child had
25、 only _ slight temperature,but the doctor regarded _ illness as serious 名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 3 页，共 5 页 -enough for _ hospital treatment.A./,/,the B.a,/,/C.a,the,/D./,the,the 24.-Did you have _ wonderful time yesterday?-Yes.I was on _ top of _ world.A./,the,a B.a,/,the C.a,a,the D.a,the,the 25.I
26、don t usually have _ breakfast,but I always eat _ good lunch.A./,/B./,a C.the,/D./,the 26.-I hear therell be _ talk on English study tomorrow morning.-Do you mean _ speech our teacher asked us to listen to?A.a,the B.the,a C.the,the D.a,a 27.Mr.Stock runs _ small business,who is in _ Mexico on busine
27、ss.A.a,a B./,/C.a,the D.a,/28.Although _ motor car has been with us for almost a century,I have never been able to drive_ American one.A.a,the B.a,/C.the,anD.the,the 29.Xian was _ starting point of _ world-famous Silk Road.A./,/B.a,a C.the,/D.the,the 30.-What does on _one hand on _other means?-What_
28、great fun!Youre asking me such a simple question.A.the,the,/B.the,the,a C./,the,aD./,the,/31.Alexander Gramha Bell invented _telephone in 1876.(MET1991)A./;B.aC.theD.one 32.After watching _TV,she played _violin for an hour.A./;/B.the;theC.the;/D./;the（MET1991 11）33.-Wheres jack?-I think hes still _i
29、n bed,but he might just be in _bathroom.A./;/B.the;theC.the;/D./;the（MET1992 36）34.Many people are still in _habit of writing silly things in _public places.A.the;theB./;/C.the;/D./;the（MET 1993 19）35.She is _newcomer to _chemistry but she has already made some important discoveries.A.the;theB.the;/
30、C.a;/D.a;the（NMET1994 20）36.Wouldnt it be _wonderful world if all nations lived in _peace with one another?A.a;/B.the;/C.a;theD.the;the（NMET1994 23）37.Many people agree that _knowledge of English is a must in _international trade today.A.a;/B.the;anC.the;theD./;the（NMET 1996 13）38.Paper money was in
31、 _use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in _thirteenth century.A.the;/B.the;theC./;theD./;/（NMET 1999 8）39.It is not true in _that people in _fifties are going to university for further education.A.90s;theirB.the 90s;/C.90s;/D.the 90s;their（1999.上海6）40.Most animals have little connection
32、with _animals of _different kind unless they kill them for food.A.the;aB./;aC.the;theD./;the(NMET2000 10)41.-Have you seen _pen?I left it here this morning.-Is it _black one?I think I saw it somewhere.(NMET1997 7)A.a;theB.the;theC.the;aD.a;a 42.Summers in _ south of France are for _most part dry and
33、 sunny.A./;aB.the;/C./;/D.the;the(2000.春招 8)43.I dont like talking on _ telephone;I prefer writing _letters.(2002春招 26)A.a;theB.the;不填C.the;theD.was killing 44.Jumping out of _airplane at ten thousand feet is quite _exciting experience.(NMET 2002,26)A./;theB./;anC.an;anD.the;the 45.-I dont like_New
34、York at all.-But this isnt_ New York you remember.A.the,the B./,the C.the,/D./,a 名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 4 页，共 5 页 -冠 词练习一、15 DBBAC 610 BACDC 1115 ABBDB 1620 CDDDB 2125 DBBDA 2630 DCBBA 练习二、15 DABAC 610 AAADD 1115 ACACB 1620 CCDAA 2125 BDCBB 2630 ADCDD 3135 CDDCC 3640 AACDB 4145 DDBCB 名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 5 页，共 5 页 -