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1、2021-2022学年北京市朝阳区高二上学期期末考试英语试卷第一局部知识运用（共三节，30分）第一节完形填空（共10小题；每题1分，共10分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最正确选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。The Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games （残奥会）provided plenty of drama. One of the most performanceswas that of Ibrahim Hamadtou, the armless Egyptian table tennis star. While playing, h
2、e puts a paddle （球拍）in his mouth and uses his right foot to serve the ball. This inspiring player 2 at the world stage with his unique skills.Hamadtou 3 his arms in a train accident at the age of ten. He was drawn to table tennis after being challenged by a friend. Once Hamadtou was counting points
3、of his friends, match, the one who disagreed on a point told Hamadtou, “4 your own business as you will never be able to play. It was that statement that 5 him up to decide to play table tennis.Hamadtou says the biggest 6 was figuring out the best way to control his body. I was trying first to use t
4、he paddle under the arm, and I also tried using other things, which werent working so well. 7、I tried usingmy mouth. It took me three years to master the sport.”In 2016, this 8 player won the silver medal at African Championships, which allowed him to fight for hisParalympics in 2016 and 2020.The ex
5、traordinary athlete says, The 9 is not in arms or legs but to give up in whatever you would like to do. If you have got the strong willpower as Hamadtou, you can overcome any struggles and 10 anything in you have to wave at her to get her attention, and sometimes she doesnt realize straight away,“ s
6、he said. “But shes such a happy little dog. Shes no spring chicken, and she is generally retired, but she loves going out to work with us and running around in the fields/9life.1. A. peaceful2. A. shines3. A. hurt4. A. Build5. A. fired6. A. expectation7. A. Finally8. A. faithful9. A. disappointment1
7、0. A. appreciate【答案】l.C 2. Alife.11. A. peaceful12. A. shines13. A. hurt14. A. Build15. A. fired16. A. expectation17. A. Finally18. A. faithful19. A. disappointment20. A. appreciate【答案】l.C 2. Alife.21. A. peaceful22. A. shines23. A. hurt24. A. Build25. A. fired26. A. expectation27. A. Finally28. A.
8、faithful29. A. disappointment30. A. appreciate【答案】l.C 2. AB. voluntaryB. speaksB. lostB. ControlB. blewB. changeB. SuddenlyB. responsibleB. disabilityB. produce3. B 4. D 5. AC. remarkableC. conductsC. liftedC. RunC. pickedC. challengeC. NormallyC. emotionalC. argumentC. prove6.C7. A 8. DD. mysteriou
9、sD. cheersD. crossedD. MindD. heldD. operationD. ActuallyD. incredibleD. possibilityD. achieve9. B 10. DWhy was Peggy brought to the RSPCA?A. Because she was old.B. Because she was noisy.C. Because she was deaf.D. Because she was retired.34. How did the couple train Peggy to communicate?A. By relyin
10、g on other sheepdogs.B. By working long hours in the fields.C. By using sign and gesture language.D. By matching voice orders with actions.35. According to the passage, which word can best describe Chloe Shorten?A. Caring.B. Curious.C. Grateful.D. Demanding.【答案】34.C35. C 36. A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是
11、牧羊犬Peggy变聋后，Chloe Shorten是如何训练她交流的。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据第段中“The owner thought she could no longer work because she was not able to hear.（主人 认为她不能再工作了，因为她听不见）”和第二段中“However, after being handed to the RSPCA, Peggy was taken in by Chloe Shorten, an animal health manager from the organisation.（然而，在 Peggy 被交给皇
12、家防止虐待动 物协会后，该组织的动物健康经理Chloe Shorten收养了她）。可知，Peggy变聋了，所以被带至IRSPCA。 应选Co【35题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Shorten and her husband, Jason, a shepherd （牧羊人）,taught Peggy to understand hand signals and body language. （Shorten和她的牧羊人丈夫Jason教Peggy理解手势和肢体语言）“，和第五段 中“The couple began by training Peggy to look at them to re
13、ceive hand signals. They used repetitive and positive reinforcement and instead of pairing a voice order with an action, theyd use a hand gesture. Peggy read their hand signals and body language as a way of telling what they9re asking for.（这对夫妇开始训I 练 Peggy 看着他们来接 收手势。他们使用重复和积极的强化，而不是将声音顺序与动作配对，他们会使用
14、一个手势。Peggy读懂 了他们的手势和肢体语言，以此来表达他们的要求）”,可知，这对夫妇通过使用手语和手势语言来训练Peggy 交流。应选C。【36题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中“We completely fell in love with Peggy almost at first sight, and it soon became clear that she wouldnt be going anywhere. We knew Peggy wanted to be working, so we started the long process of teaching her how
15、 to work with a shepherd without relying on voice orders.（我们几乎是第眼看至U Peggy 就彻 底爱上了她，很快我们就明白，她哪儿也去不了。我们知道Peggy想要工作，所以我们开始了一个漫长的 过程，教她如何在不依赖语音指令的情况下与牧羊人一起工作）”，可知，Chloe Shorten具有关爱，有同情 心，所以描述Chloe Shorten的最好的词汇是“caring”。应选A。CYoung students are often considered digital natives/ with technology integrate
16、d into every aspect of their lives. While this can be an advantage in some situations, research has shown that the impact is not entirely positive-the Internet allows them to quickly find information at the cost of significant distraction in class. Without being attentive, students will be incapable
17、 of processing information, which means theyre not going to be able to understand, analyse, criticise and come to some decision about the information.When students cant seem to focus, a common idea among teachers is that short is good. Many teachers simply cut lessons into smaller pieces. Some teach
18、ers begin classes with mindfulness exercises when students need to concentrate. However, it turns out that any sort of “tech breaks could counteract the desires to come back to study.Some teachers also choose to meet students where they are on platforms like YouTube. A 2018 study from Pearson found
19、that students tended to stay away from physical books, preferring video as a source of information second only to teachers. By meeting students where they already engage and create, teachers can better catch attention.However, while some educators are welcoming technology in the classroom, multiple
20、studies have shown more traditional classrooms can be more successful. A 2014 study found taking notes in longhand helped students withhold information better than using a laptop. Researchers also point out switching between short teaching pieces too quickly could take valuable comprehension from th
21、e students. Students need time to engage with a topic before moving on.Even many tech advocates find value in traditional methods and suggest an integrated learning. They agree teachers5 authority remains vital and the face-to-face interaction between students and teachers is still the primary compo
22、nent in the classroom. Technology will be favoured only when it improves a lesson in ways that are impossible offline.Success is no longer about knowing the most. Instead, its the ability to think critically and creatively, the very skills that digital media weakens by lowering attention spans. If y
23、ou think of people who became successful in the tech world, it wasnt because they could code; it was because they could think. Digital natives will continue to eagerly adopt new media. Teachers have no choice but to upgrade themselves, not only to ensure students can access and take advantage of new
24、 technologies, but to educate students to succeed in a world constantly trying to distract them.36. What result has technology brought to students?A. It urges them to process information.B. It prevents them obtaining information.C. It ruins their possible classroom distraction.D. It damages their ab
25、ility to digest information.37. What does the underlined word counteract“ in Paragraph 2 probably mean?A. Maintain.B. Motivate.C. Reduce.D. Replace.38. What can we learn from the passage?A. Direct instruction takes priority in lessons.B. Digital resources will weaken offline learning.C. Small lesson
26、s can engage students in learning.D. Laptop noting helps students gain knowledge better.39. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Students need to learn to get rid of social media.B. Teachers should progress to educate the young generation.C. The benefits of technology on education outweigh its ha
27、rm.D. Traditional methods are favoured by both teachers and students.【答案】37.D38. C 39. A 40. B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述现在电子科技已经融入到了年轻学生的生活中，研究说明互联网 让他们能够快速找到信息，而代价是课堂上的注意力严重分散。教师别无选择，只能自我提升，这不仅是 为了确保学生能够接触和利用新技术，也是为了教育学生在一个不断试图分散他们注意力的世界中取得成 功。【37题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句话“Without being attentive, students w
28、ill be incapable of processing information, which means theyre not going to be able to understand, analyse, criticise and come to some decision about the information.（如果注意力不集中，学生将无法处理信息，这意味着他们将无法理解、分析、批评并对信息 做出决定。）可推知，互联网会让学生的注意力分散，注意力分散后就不能很好的去消化所获得的信息。故 选D。【38题详解】词义猜想题。根据第二段第三句话 “Some teachers beg
29、in classes with mindfulness exercises when students need to concentrate.”（当学生需要集中注意力时，一些老师开始上课时进行正念练习。）以及转折连词however 可知前后为转折关系。根据划线所在句子的“ any sort of “tech breaks（任何形式的“技术突破”）和后面 的“the desires to come back to study”（重返学习的欲望）可知，老师在上课是会想一些方法让学生集中注意 力，但是，只要碰上和互联网有关的东西，就会降低孩子们学习的欲望，所以counteract的意思为“减少，
30、降低，应选C。【39题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段第一、二句话 “Even many tech advocates find value in traditional methods and suggest an integrated learning. They agree teachers9 authority remains vital and the face-to-face interaction between students and teachers is still the primary component in the classroom. （甚至许多技术倡导者也发现传统
31、方法的价值， 并建议进行综合学习。他们同意教师的权威仍然至关重要，师生面对面的互动仍然是课堂的主要组成局部。） 可知，在教学当中，我们应该遵循传统的方法，老师和学生面对面教学，老师对学生做出直接的指导应该 在教学中占优先地位。应选A。【40题详解】文章大意题。通读全文，并结合最后一段最后一句话“Teachers have no choice but to upgrade themselves, not only to ensure students can access and take advantage of new technologies, but to educate student
32、s to succeed in a world constantly trying to distract them.”（教师别无选择，只能自我提升，这不仅是为了确保学生能够接触和利用 新技术，也是为了教育学生在一个不断试图分散他们注意力的世界中取得成功。）可知，这篇文章想要表达 我们不可能防止网络或科技给学生们带来的害处，只有老师不断提升自己来教育年轻的一代，让他们在一 个不断试图分散他们注意力的世界中取得成功。应选B。DThe Price of a Piece of HistoryA fresh lemon can be bought fbr less than $1. But in 20
33、08, Cowans Auctions （拍卖）in Cincinnati sold a lemon blackened with age for $2,350. What was so special about this lemon? It was said to be from a tree planted by George Washington. According to a handwritten note attached to the bottle containing the lemon, the fruit was picked by Washingtons old gar
34、dener” some 43 years after the first presidents death.Collecting a piece of history, or an object associated with a famous person, is not fresh. Yet determining potential values of such objects isnt easy. For one thing, their origin, or history of ownership, is both important and sometimes difficult
35、 to prove. Photographs of the famous person with the object, as well as letters, diaries referring to the objectcan help.The uniqueness of many of historic objects makes it more difficult to put a value on them. To assess the value of a Picasso painting, one can look at recent prices paid for other
36、Picasso paintings of the same period, similar size or style. Finding another recent sale of a lemon planted by George Washington is a different matter. Katie Horstman, head of Cowan, says she could find no comparables for the lemon as she prepared the auction. However, she finally arrived at an esti
37、mated （估计出）value by researching auction records for objects somehow associated with Washington that had appeared on the market.Often the final selling price of objects touched by history has to do with the moods and passions of the collectors and other potential buyers expected to be present on auct
38、ion day. But even the experts can make a mistake sometimes. For instance, a 2016 Christies sale in London included a 1935 jacket worn by Albert Einstein, and a pocket watch the physicist had owned in 1900 when he was 21 and still largely unknown. The jacket sold fbr 110,500, well above its estimated
39、 value of 40,000 to 60,000. The watch, meanwhile, which had an estimated value of 15,000 to 20,000, sold for 266,500.Thomas Venning, director of Christie, has his explanation for why the watch sold for so much more than the jacket, and likely for more than the experts would have guessed. There are p
40、hotographs of Einstein, the father of relativity, wearing the jacket, Mr. Venning says. “But Einsteins jacket didnt change the world. The watch, and the sense of time, is what we know him fbr, which made it more valuable to collectors. 41. What do we know about the lemon sold for $2,350?A. It has be
41、en kept well by Washingtons gardener.B. It was associated with Washington due to a note.C. It was collected 43 years before Washingtons death.D. It was put in the bottle by Washington a century ago. 42. The author mentions the Picasso painting to. A. highlight the difficulty of valuing the lemoncomp
42、are its value with Washingtons lemonillustrate the way to assess a piece of historyanalyse the value of objects related to Picasso43. What can we learn from the passage?A. No comparables led to the high value of the lemon.B. The estimated value is expected to dominate the final price.C. Passions of
43、the collectors are the decisive factor of the value.D. Documents referring to the object can help determine the value.44. What can we infer from the passage?A. Historic objects are like a mirror reflecting reality.B. It is reasonable to value historic objects at a high price.C. Historic objects offe
44、r people a sense ofchanging the world.D. Collectors are responsive to estimated value of historic objects.【答案】41 B 42. A 43. D 44. B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几个名人物品的拍卖案例以及评估名人物品的拍卖价值的难度。41题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段 u According to a handwritten note attached to the bottle containing the lemon, the fruit was picked
45、by Washingtons “old gardener” some 43 years after the first presidents death.（据装柠檬的瓶子上的一张 手写纸条显示，这颗柠檬是在美国第一位总统去世43年后，由华盛顿的“老园丁”采摘的。）”可知，这个 卖了 2350美元的柠檬与华盛顿的联系是由于一张便条。应选B。【42题详解】推理判 断题。根据第三段“The uniqueness of many of historic objects makes it more difficult to put a value on them. To assess the value
46、 of a Picasso painting, one can look at recent prices paid for other Picasso paintings of the same period, similar size or style.（许多历史文物的独特性使得给它们估价变得更加困难。要想了解毕加索一幅画 的价值，可以看看同时期、类似大小或风格的其他毕加索画作的近期价格。）”可推断，作者提到毕加索的 画是为了强调给柠檬估价的困难。应选A。【43题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段 “ Photographs of the famous person with the objec
47、t, as well as letters, diaries referring to the object can help.（名人拿着该物品的照片，以及与该物品相关的信件和日记都能有所帮助。”可知，与该 物品有关的文档可以帮助确定该价值。应选D。【44题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段 “But Einsteins jacket didnt change the world. The watch, and the sense of time, is what we know him for, which made it more valuable to collectors.（但爱因斯坦的夹
48、克并没有改变世界。手表 和时间感是我们认识他的原因，这让他对收藏者来说更有价值。）”可推断，历史文物价值高是合理的。故 选B。第二节（共5小题；每题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项，并在答题卡上将该项mt omt o选项中有两项为多余选项。Filling Ip on InformationPeople now have access to more information than ever before thanks to the Internet. While there are clearly benefits to it, there are also unexpected effects. One in particular is information overload, commonly referred to as “infdbesity”. 45Infobesity can be caused by many factors. For example, information from various sources can lead to infobesity. A