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1、2021学年第一学期向明中学期中考高二英语试卷L Listening Comprehension （20 分，每题 1 分）Section A （10 分）Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only o
2、nce. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. 90 yuan. B.19 yuan. C. 45 yuan. D. 9.5 yuan.2. A. She promises to meet Jim tomorrow.B. She promises to answer phone
3、 calls for Jim.C. She promises to go to a meeting with Jim.D. She promises to send a message to Jim.3. A. It is well paid.B. It is near his home.C. It has long working hours. D. It is an easy job.4. A. 9:15.B. 9:45.C. 9:50.D. 10:15.5. A. ChinaB. IndiaC. Norway D. LondonA. He didnt want to fly.B. He
4、had an accident on his way to the airport.C. He was unable to leave immediately.D. He didnt want to take the exam.6. A. They are near a window store.7. They are in front of their house.8. They are the traffic lights.9. They are in front of a furniture store.8. A. He left his lab and went on vacation
5、.B. He locked his lab.C. He came back early to work.D He went to give a lecture.9. A. She plans to travel.B. She plans to move to Europe.C. She plans to visit her friend in Europe.D. She plans to learn foreign languages.10. A. Connie and David have changed.B. David wants to talk to Connie.C. Connie
6、and David are planning a trip together.D. Connie and David have many friends.Section B （10 分）Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer32. A. dependable achievable33. A. experiment performance34. A. altogether35. A. movement【答案】21. A 22. C30. A 31. C 32. BB. understand
7、ableB. theoryB. thereforeB. cooperation23. D24. A33. C34. CC. comparableC. practiceC. howeverC. evaluation25. B 26. D 27, A35. DD.D.D. likewiseD. function28. B 29. C这是一篇议论文。文章通过引用数据、科学报告，事例等方式，论述了脑力训练游戏对提高 大脑的认知能力是否有用的问题o【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：搜索“大脑训练，你会发现不计其数的应用程序和网站，承 诺让你在思想上变得敏捷。A. endless不计其数的，无止境的
8、；B.advanced先进的;C.protective 保护的；D. imaginary 想象的。根据前文的brain training apps have soared in popularity可 知，大脑训练类的应用程序人气急升，很受欢送，由此可推断出，当你搜索“大脑训练时, 你会发现不计其数的应用程序。应选A项。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：就像我们可能去健身房锻炼一样，每天的智力上的练习据说会使 大脑产生生理变化。A. outcome结果，成果；B. tryout试验，试用；C.workout锻炼，练习； D. outlook观点。根据前文的“go to the gym to
9、 exercise可知，上文指的是去健身房进行身 体上的锻炼，空格处指的是进行智力上的练习。应选C项。23题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：你所要做的就是每天留出几分钟来完成智力游戏、记忆游戏 和字谜游戏。A. set out出发,启程；B. set back使推迟；C. set off使爆炸；D. set aside留出。 根据前文的“a daily mental可知，每天要进行智力上的练习，由此可推断出是每天 留出几分钟来完成智力游戏等练习。应选D项。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：至少这是个主意。而且有很多人都在为它买账。A. buying买； B. engaging吸引住注意力
10、、兴趣）;C. overlooking忽略；D. inquiring询问。根据后文的uconsumers spent an estimated $1.9 billion on brain training apps可知，消费者在大脑训练应 用程序上花费了很多钱，由此可推断出，很多人都在为这个主意买账，“buy into意为“买 入。应选A项。【25题详解】考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：例如，任天堂最近发布了第四款有史以来最畅销的游戏Brain Age,并于上个月在日本的游戏机上发布。A. By contrast相比之下；B. For instance例如； C. Of course当然；D. I
11、n conclusion总而言之。上文说大脑训练游戏并不只是出现在智能 上，空格后举例，大脑训练游戏也出现在游戏机上，例如任天堂最近发布的Brain Age,由 此可推断出，空格处是在举例，For instance意为“例如，符合语境。应选B项。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：改善智力健康的想法显然具有广泛的吸引力，但它是基于科学 证据还是空洞的营销承诺？ A. reliable可信赖的；B. precious珍贵的；C.secret秘密的；D. empty空洞的。根据句中scientific evidence，z和连词“or”可知，作者这里是在提出疑问， 这种想法是基于“科学证据还是
12、“空洞的营销承诺，“empty意为“空洞的，与前 文的科学证据形成比照。应选D项。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：2021年，斯坦福长寿研究中心发表了一封由69位国际神经科学 家和认知心理学家签署的公开信。A. signed签署；B. secured获得，取得；C.received收至I； D. sought寻找，寻求。根据后文内容可知，专家们认为，没有令人信服的科学证据说明玩 脑力游戏可以提高日常生活中的认知能力。由此可推断出，空格处应该是专家们“签署 了 这份公开信，向公众公开这一看法，signed意为“签署，动词词性。应选A项。【28题详解】考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：两年后，另一
13、组心理学家回忆了主要的大脑培训公司为支持 他们的产品而引用的每项科学研究。A. in presence of在 面前；B. in support of支持；C. in case of如果发生 ；D.in memory of纪念 。根据句中scientific study,可知，引用科 学研究是为了 “支持他们的产品，insupportof意为“支持，符合语境。应选B项。29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：批评包括样本量小，控制组缺乏，以及择优报告研究结果。A. expectation 预料，预期；B. solution 解决方法；C. criticism 批评；D. standard 标准。根
14、据后 文的“small sample sizes和inadequatecontrol groups”可知，下文说的是这些公司引用的 科学研究存在着“样本量小和“控制组缺乏的问题，由此可推断出，空格处应该是专家 们针对这些研究的“批评。应选C项。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：批评包括样本量小，控制组缺乏，以及择优报告研究结果。A. report 报告；B. design设计；C.produce生产;D.negotiate谈判,协商。根据句中“cherry-picking research outcomes”可知，应该是挑选最有利的研究成果去“报告，这样才能让人们相信 公司的产品。应选A项
15、。【31题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果它所引用的科学有如此严重的错误，为什么人们觉得有必要 用这些应用程序和游戏来训练大脑呢？ A. effortlessly毫不费力地；B. temporarily临时地； C seriously严重地；D.unfairly不公平地。上文提到这些公司所引用的科学研究存在着样本 量小，控制组缺乏，以及择优报告研究结果的问题，由此可推断出，它所引用的科学是“严 重地错误的。应选C项。【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Kings College London的教授Til Wykes认为，这是可以理解 的。A. dependable可靠的；B. under
16、standable可以理解的；C. comparable类似的，可比较的； D.achievable可到达的。下文TilWykes以任天堂的Brain Age游戏为例，来解释为什么人们 用游戏来训练大脑，由此可推断出，这里TilWykes认为人们的这种行为是“可以理解的。 应选B项。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们可能一开始的“大脑年龄得分为60分，经过几周的练习， 他们会被告知已经将其降至40分。A. experiment实验；B.theory理论;C.practice练习;D. performance表演。根据上文“Nintendos Brain Age game”可知，这里是以
17、任天堂的Brain Age 游戏为例，来解释为什么人们用游戏来训练大脑，由此可推断出，游戏应该是通过“练习， 使自己的大脑年龄更年轻。应选C项。【34题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，Wykes强调，对于那些真正担忧自己认知能力的人来说， 学习一门新语言会更有益处，这已经被证明可以改善大脑功能。A. altogether完全，全部； B. therefore 因止匕；C. however 然而；D. likewise 同样地。根据下文 “learning a new language would be more beneficial”可知，Wykes强调，比起玩游戏，学习一门新语言对改善大
18、脑功 能更有益处，由此可推断出，这里Wykes的观点和上文“用应用程序和游戏来训练大脑 的观点为转折关系，故应用however。应选C项。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，Wykes强调，对于那些真正担忧自己认知能力的人来说， 学习一门新语言会更有益处，这已经被证明可以改善大脑功能。A. movement运动，移动； B. cooperation合作；C. evaluation评价，估计；D. function功能。本文主要讲的是如何提高 大脑的认知能力，根据句中“learning a new language would be more beneficial”可知，空格 处指的是学
19、习一门新语言能够对改善大脑“功能更有益处。应选D项。Section B (12 分，每题 1.5 分)Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in t
20、he passage you have just read.(A)Math, Taught like FootballGrowing up, I thought math class was something to be endured, not enjoyed. I disliked memorizing formulas and taking tests, all for the dull goal of getting a good grade. But my problem wasnt with math itself. In fact, I spent countless hour
21、s as a child doing logic and math puzzles on my own, and as a teenager, when a topic seemed particularly interesting, I would go to the library and read more about it.By high school, none of my teachers questioned my mathematical talent, but none of them really encouraged it, either. No one told me
22、that I could become a professional mathematician. What I wanted to do then was to play college football. My ambition was to get an athletic scholarship to attend a Big Ten school.The chances of that happening were very low. In high school, I was just an above-average athlete and my high school was n
23、ot a “feeder“ school for college sports programs.That didnt stop me from dreaming, though. And it didnt stop my coaches from encouraging me to believe I could reach my goal, and preparing and pushing me to work for it. They made video tapes of my performances and sent them to college coaches around
24、the country. It didnt matter that I didnt initially attract much interest from the big schools. My coaches kept picking up the phone, and kept convincing me to try to prove myself. In the end, a Big Ten school, Pennstate, did offer me a scholarship.A growing body of research shows that students are
25、affected by more than just the quality of a lesson plan. They also respond to the passion of their teachers and the engagement of their peers, and they seek a sense of purpose. They benefit from specific instructions, constant feedback and a culture of earning that encourages resilience in the face
26、of failure.Until I got to college, I didnt really know what mathematics was. I still thought of it as problem sets and laborious computations. Then one day, one of my professors handed me a book and suggested that I think about a particular problem. It wasnt easy, but it was fascinating.My professor
27、 kept giving me problems, and I kept pursuing them. Before long, he was introducing me to problems that had never been solved before and urging me to find new techniques to help crack them.I am now a Ph. D. candidate in mathematics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and I have published s
28、everal papers in mathematical journals. I still feel that childlike excitement every time I complete a proof. I wish Id known thiswas possible when I was a kid.36. Why did the writer think math class in school was something to be endured before entering college?A. Because he wasnt interested in math
29、.B. Because his math teachers didnt care to push him.C. Because he was too smart and talented for math class.D. Because he was training hard for an athletic scholarship.37. According to the writer, students are affected by the following things from teachers or coaches EXCEPT.A. passionB. constant fe
30、edbackC. a sense of purposeD. specific instructions38. We can conclude that after entering college, the writer.A. was busy looking for problem sets to crackbegan to realize what mathematics really isB. met with laborious computations in his studiesstudied on his own just as he was in high school39.
31、What does this in the last sentence mean?A. Feeling the children excitement.B. Different mathematical research.C. Generating curiosity and creativity.D. Being a professional mathematician.【答案】36. B 37. C 38. B 39. D【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了作者大学以前不喜欢数学，老师也没有逼他。作者希望 数学老师更像足球教练那样给与他鼓励。学生不仅会受到教案质量的影响。他们还会对老师
32、 的热情和同龄人的参与做出反响，并寻求目标感。到了大学后，作者才真正知道数学是什么。 它更接近于作者小时候单独做的数学和逻辑难题，它给了作者同样的好奇心和好奇心，它奖 励了作者的创造力。【36题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“By high school, none of my teachers questioned my mathematical talent, but none of them really encouraged it, either. No one told me that I could become a professional mathematician.o到了高中，
33、我的老师没有一个质疑过我的数学天赋，但也没有 一个真正鼓励我的数学天赋。没有人告诉我，我可以成为一个专业数学家。可知在学校的 时候他的数学老师不愿意催促、逼迫他。应选B。【37题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段 u A growing body of research shows that students are affected by more than just the quality of a lesson plan. They also respond to the passion of their teachers and the engagement of their peers,
34、and they seek a sense of purpose. They benefit from specific instructions and constant feedback（反响）.越来越多的研究说明，影响学生的不仅仅是教学方案的质量。 他们还会对老师的热情和同龄人的参与做出回应，他们还会寻求一种使命感。他们受益于特 定的指令和持续的反响。可知他们受到老师的热情，具体的指导和同龄人不断的反响的影 响。而目标感是学生自己的。应选C。【38题详解】细节理解题，根据第五段 u Until I got to college, I didnt really know what math
35、ematics was.直 到上了大学,我才真正知道数学是什么。可知作者进入大学才开始意识到数学到底是什么, 应选B。【39题详解】词义猜测题。根据文章最后一段 “I am now a Ph. D. candidate in mathematics at theMassachusetts Institute of Technology, and I have published several papers in mathematical journals. I still feel that childlike excitement every time I complete a proof
36、. I wish Id known thiswas possible when I was a kid.我现在在麻省理工学院攻读数学博士学位，我在数学期刊上 发表过几篇论文。每当我完成一个证明，我仍然能感受到那种孩子般的兴奋。我希望在我还 是个孩子的时候就知道这是可能的。可知，划线处“this指代上文提到的攻读数学博士, 发表论文等，即成为一名专业的数学家。应选d。(B)Modern medicines ability to keep us alive makes it tempting to think human evolution may have stopped. But if we
37、look at the rate of our DNAs evolution, we can see that human evolution hasnt stopped - it may even be happening faster than before.Evolution is a gradual change to the DNA of a species over many generations. It can occur by natural selection, when certain traits created by genetic changes help an o
38、rganism survive or reproduce. Such genes are thus more likely to be passed on to the next generation, so they increase in frequency in a population. Gradually, these changes and their associated traits become more common among the whole group.By looking at global studies of our DNA, we can see evide
39、nce that natural selection has recently made changes and continues to do so. Though modern healthcare disrupts a key driving force of evolution by keeping some people alive longer, in countries without access to good healthcare, populations are continuing to evolve. Survivors of infectious disease o
40、utbreaks drive natural selection by giving their genetic resistance to offspring. Our DNA shows evidence for recent selection for resistance of killer diseases like Lassa fever and malaria. Selection in response to malaria remains in regions where the disease remains common.Humans are also adapting
41、to their environment. Gene change allowing humans to live at high altitudes have become more common in populations in Tibet, Ethiopia, and the Andes. The spread of genetic changes in Tibet is possibly the fastest evolutionary change in humans, occurring over the past 3,000 years. This rapid increase
42、 in frequency of a mutated gene that increases blood oxygen content gives locals a survival advantage in higher altitudes, resulting in more surviving children.Diet is another source for adaptations. Studies show that natural selection favoring a change allowing adults to produce lactase - the enzym
43、e (酶)that breaks down milk sugars - is why some groups of people can digest milk. Over 80 per cent of northwest Europeans can, but in parts of East Asia, where milk is much less commonly drunk, an inability to digest lactose is the norm. Like high altitude adaptation, selection to digest milk has ev
44、olved more than once in humans and may be the strongest kind of recent selection.Yet, despite these changes, natural selection only affects about 8 per cent of our genome. But scientists cant explain why some genes are evolving much faster than others. We measure the speed of gene evolution by compa
45、ring human DNA with that of other species. One fast-evolving gene is human accelerated region 1 (HARI), which is needed during brain development. A random section of human DNA is on average more than 98 per cent identical to the chimp comparator, but HARI is so fast evolving that ifs only around 85
46、per cent similar. Though scientists can see these changes are happening - and how quickly - we still dont fully understand why fast evolution happens to some genes but not others.40. Which of the following statements may the author agree with?A. Evolution occurs among several people overnight.B. Gen
47、es may change and some are beneficial to peoples lives.C. Evolution is done when the whole population possesses a certain gene.D. The changed genes leading to higher survival rates are chosen deliberately.41. The underlined word “disrupts“ in paragraph 3 can be best replaced by.A. explainsB. causesC
48、. upsetsD. healsThe author illustrates humans, ongoing evolution with the following examples EXCEPT that.A. some people can resist infectious diseases like malariachildren in Tibet tolerate living environments with thin airB. northwestern Europeans digest lactose better than East Asiansthe human gene HARI resembles that of a chimp to a lesser extent42. Which of the following may serve as the title?A. What Is Natural Selection?B. Are Humans Still Evolving?C. Why Will Certain Genes Evolve?D. How Do Mutated Genes Function?【答案】40.B41. C 42. D 43. B【解析】这是一篇说明文。通过分析研究和例子告诉读者：