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1、2018高考英语语法填空：名词提示的解题技巧和跟踪训练题（含解析）高考英语语法填空*有提示词的解题技巧【括号内提供的是名词】括号内提供的如果是名词，尤其是单数名词，就应该考虑空格处是否需要填冠词(a，an，the)、物主代词(my，your，his 等)、指示代词(this，that 等)、不定代词(few，little，many，much，all，each，every，both，neither，other等)、名词所有格或形容词等对名词进行修饰。相反，如果给出的名词是在冠词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格或形容词之后，则应考虑填名词。但不要忘记，要考虑名词是否变复数，是否用所有格形
2、式等。如：One of my father sfavorite _(say)as I was growing up was“Try it！”答案sayings 这道题主要考查考生在特定语境中正确使用名词复数的能力。考查考生是否知道“one of 名词的复数形式”在句子中作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。本句中 as引导时间状语从句，表达的功能是“时空”概念。该从句没有直接放在主句之后，而是进行了插入，放在了主句的主语之后，进行强调。完整的主句是：One of my fathers favorite _(say)was“Try it”从该句的主系表结构中可以看出，one of my father s
3、favorite _(say)在句子中作主语。say要做两次转换：首先要转换成为名词；再将名词转为相应的复数形式。say的名词是 saying，其复数形式是sayings。考生如果写对了saying只是做到了词形正确，同时还要保持单词的正确。所以正确答案是sayings。当括号内提供的是名词时，还可能考查形容词。如：名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 1 页，共 17 页 -There，my voice sounds really _(wonder)because theres a slight echo to it.答案wonderful括号内提供的是名词，但此空作系动词sou
4、nds的表语，所以要使用形容词形式。有时也可能考查副词、动词等。如：A certain man planted a rose and watered it _(faith)and before it blossomed，he examined it.答案faithfully括号内提供的是名词，但此空在句中作状语，修饰动词watered，所以要变成副词。注意：先将名词faith 变成形容词 faithful，然后再变成副词 faithfully。跟踪训练题A(2015 河北五校联盟质监)Mike：I d like to buy a computer.Could you please give m
5、e _1_ advice?Rose：Yes,with _2_(please).Ive got some information about computers.Computers with a P4 work much _3_(fast)than other ones.Mike：How about computers with a P3?Rose：Oh,very good，_4_ they don t work as fast as P4 computers,yet they are much cheaper.Generally _5_(spea k),they can meet people
6、s _6_(need)very well.Mike：I think I _7_ buy the fastest one I can get.My old computer was out of work lately.It _8_(work)slowly.Ive got tired of that working speed.Rose：I dont think _9_ is necessary for you to buy the fastest one.It would be a waste of money.A P3 computer is _10_(probable)good enoug
7、h for you.名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 2 页，共 17 页 -Mike：Thank you for your advice.Can you help me choose one?【语篇导读】本文为 Mike 与 Rose之间的一段对话。Mike 想买一台电脑，为此他向 Rose征求建议。Rose建议他买一台既满足需要又便宜的使用英特尔奔腾处理器的电脑。1some考查形容词。give sb some advice表示“给某人一些建议”。some用于疑问句时表示希望得到对方的肯定回答，此时不用any。2pleasure 考查名词。with pleasure表示“当然
8、了，很愿意”，是固定短语。3faster考查比较级。根据than 的提示可知，此处应用比较级。4though/although考查连词。此处为让步状语从句，表示尽管使用英特尔奔腾处理器的电脑没有使用英特尔奔腾处理器的电脑速度快，但是它们更便宜。5speaking考查非谓语动词。generally speaking表示“一般来说”，为固定短语，在句中独立作状语。6needs 考查名词。此处表示它们能够很好地满足人们的需要。7should考查情态动词。Mike 觉得应该买运转最快的电脑。根据语境可知，应填 should。8had worked考查过去完成时。根据前文中的“My old comput
9、er was out of work lately”可知，此处表示以前的电脑在坏掉前运转很慢，指“过去的过去”，因此使用过去完成时。9it考查代词。此处 it 作宾语从句中的形式主语，其后的不定式“to buy the fastest one”是真正的主语。10probably考查副词。此处用副词作状语。注意：该句中good 作表语，不要误以为 probable作表语。名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 3 页，共 17 页 -B(2016 湖北省七校联考)A triathlon(三项全能运动)is a sports event which combines three spor
10、ts,_1_(typical)running,biking,and swimming.During a triathlon,athletes finish all three sports without stopping _2_(beat)the clock.People of all ages and sizes can compete in triathlons.But much like other sports events,a lot of professional _3_(compete)rule the triathlon world.In addition,many tria
11、thlons _4_(hold)to benefit charity,much like marathons.The modern triathlon appeared in California in _5_ 1970s.It usually begins with the swimming,_6_(follow)by cycling,and finally running.A triathlon tests the endurance(忍耐力)and speed of an athlete,as well as his or her ability to keep energy and f
12、ocus _7_ the race as a whole.A triathlon competes against a clock,rather than against other athletes.A variation of the triathlon is a relay triathlon,_8_ a different athlete completes each stage.The swimming stage takes place in a lake or the open ocean.As soon as athletes come out from the water,t
13、hey change into cycling at the _9_(fast)speed to save time.After cycling,the athletes change shoes to run.The course is considered complete once the athletes _10_(cross)the finish line.1_2._3._4._ 5_6._7._8._ 9_10._【参考答案】语法填空语篇解读：本文主要介绍了三项全能运动是怎样的一项运动。1typically三项全能运动是一种包含三项运动的体育比赛，通常是赛跑、骑自行车和游泳。修饰动
14、词应用副词typically“通常”。2to beat在三项全能运动中，为提前完成任务，运动员需要毫不停歇地完成所有的三项运动。根据句意可知，此处应用不定式作目的状语。名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 4 页，共 17 页 -3competitors空处位于形容词 professional后、谓语动词 rule 前，故要用名词。再根据句意“但是就像其他体育赛事一样，很多专业的参赛者掌控着三项全能运动领域”及前面的“a lot of”可知，此处要用表示人的名词competitor“参赛者”，且要用其复数形式。4are held此处描述的是现在的一般情况，要用一般现在时；此外，主语
15、many triathlons 与 hold 之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。5the现代三项全能运动于20 世纪 70 年代出现在加利福尼亚。表示“在世纪年代”时要用定冠词 the，这是固定用法。6followed它通常从游泳开始，接着是骑自行车，最后是赛跑。swimming 与follow“跟随”之间是逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词。7onfocus on是固定词组，意为“集中注意力或精力于”。8where三项全能运动的一种变化形式是接力三项全能运动，在这个运动中不同的运动员完成各自的部分。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作地点状语，先行词是a relay triath
16、lon，故填 where。9fastest为了节省时间，运动员从水里一出来就以最快的速度改骑自行车。根据空前的“the”和空后的“to save time”可看出，此处要填fast 的最高级形式。10have crossed 根据常识可知，选手要在冲过终点线之后才能算完成比赛。故此处要用现在完成时。C(2015 大庆质检二)Years ago,when I was a poor artist trying to sell my paintings in local galleries,I 名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 5 页，共 17 页 -_1_(live)in the
17、heart of a city.The rent for my apartment was really cheap _2_ it was in the middle of one of the busiest neighborhoods in town.People who visited me used to ask me _3_ I could sleep.“Doesnt the sound of the traffic bother you?How can you get used to _4_ much noise？”You see,there were also rows and
18、rows of shops and bars playing loud music day and night and my apartment was above a really loud and noisy _5_But I found it all fascinating.If I were ever short _6_ cash and couldnt afford to do anything much,which in those days was usually the case,I could always go outside and take _7_ look aroun
19、d.You see,there were always a great number of tourists visiting the shops,so I could always find someone _8_(interest)to talk with.And Joe,the owner of the bar below me,could always give me a little money to survive on in exchange for _9_(do)a few odd jobs for him.At the time,I suppose,I thought I w
20、as poor.Sometimes,we dont realize how _10_(fortune)we are,do we?【语篇导读】作者是一个穷困潦倒的画家，住在嘈杂的闹市区。难以继日时，Joe会施以援手，这让作者感到非常幸运。1lived考查一般过去时。本文描述的是多年前的事，因此用一般过去时。2because 考查连词。“我”的公寓的房租很便宜，因为“我”住在最繁忙之一的街区里。3how考查引导词。根据语境可知，此处表示“外边是繁忙的街区，那我是怎样睡着的？”。4so考查固定结构。“so much不可数名词”意为“如此多的”。5one考查代词。“我”住的公寓在一个很吵闹的商店/酒吧
21、上面。one代指商店或酒吧。6of考查介词。be short of意为“缺少/短缺”。7a考查固定短语。take a look意为“看一看”，是固定结构。名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 6 页，共 17 页 -8interesting考查形容词。根据语境可知，此处表示“我找到某个有趣的人去交谈”。9doing考查非谓语动词。介词“for”后应跟动词 ing 形式。10fortunate考查词性转换。根据语境可知，此空应填其形容词形式。D(2016 河南省六市联考)Starting a new school term is always exciting.It is a cha
22、nce _1_(see)your friends again.But most exciting of all,the new term lets you take up new hobbies.In Britain it is common for students to take up new hobbies after the Christmas holidays.Promising to learn something new is a common New Years resolution.Most schools offer different kinds _2_ hobby cl
23、asses.Students _3_(usual)take them in their free periods or after school.Some classes you have to pay for but some _4_(be)free.For example,I once took a free Wednesday evening gymnastics class _5_ is offered by my school.But when I learnt how to play the drum,my parents had to pay for the lessons.Th
24、e most popular extra classes at my school were piano lessons and drama lessons.Both classes offered exams students could take.Students with many hobbies sometimes felt _6_ stressed than those without any.But the students with hobbies left school with many extra _7_(skill)I havent continued any of th
25、e hobbies I _8_(begin)at school.But I have never regretted taking _9_.My _10_(good)friend today is someone I met in my gymnastics class.1_2._3._4._ 5_6._7._8._【参考答案】语法填空语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了英国的兴趣班。英国的学生可以参加兴趣名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 7 页，共 17 页 -班，其中有收费的，也有免费的。在兴趣班，你可以认识很多朋友。1to see 分析该句结构可知，It 作形式主语，真正的
26、主语是后面的动词不定式。2ofdifferent kinds of 为固定搭配，意为“各种不同种类的”。3usually副词修饰动词。故用usual的副词形式 usually。4are根据 but 前的 have可知，应用一般现在时；该句中的some指 some classes，故用复数形式are。5that/which分析句子结构可知，该句为定语从句，先行词为class，在从句中作主语，故用 which 或 that 引导该定语从句。6more根据该句中的“than”可以判断，该句使用“比较级 than”的结构，根据句意可知学生们会感到更大压力，故在其前加more。7skills根据空前的
27、many可知，空处应用复数。8began 根据语境可知，begin 这一动作发生在过去，故应用一般过去时。9them根据语境可知，空处指代上句的“hobbies”，故填 them。10best根据语境可知，我最好的朋友是在体操班认识的，故用good 的最高级best。E(2015 邢台摸底)(Near the school gate,a woman driver was stopped by a traffic officer.)Officer：Madam,do you know how fast you were going just now?Driver：(Looki ng at the
28、record.)Uh,well,no!I didnt think I was going that fast.名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 8 页，共 17 页 -Officer：This is a 25 mph zone,Madam.You see that school over there?You _1_(go)35 mph.Driver：_2_ today is Sunday,sir.There is no school today.Officer：Madam,there _3_(be)signs that say what the speed limit is.B
29、esides,children often come to school on the weekend _4_(play)sports.You see all those kids over there?What _5_ you hit one of them by accident?Driver：I m _6_(terrible)sorry,Officer.I wont do it again.Could you please let me off with _7_ warning?Officer：I m afraid I cant do that,Madam.In school zones
30、,Im required to give tickets to all drivers _8_ break the rules.Its the law in this county.Driver：Oh,dear！How _9_ is this going to cost me?Officer：I dont know,Madam.Usually,these things can be taken care of for _10_(little)than$100.Now please sign here at the bottom.Driver：OK.【语篇导读】这是一位女士和交警之间的一段对话，
31、这位女士在学校附近超速。1were going考查过去进行时。根据语境可知，此处表示刚才女士驾车的速度已经达到 35 mph，故用过去进行时。2But考查连词。根据下文中的“T here is no school today”可知，此处表示转折，意为“但是今天是星期天”，故用 But。3are考查一般现在时和主谓一致。根据语境可知，此处是一般性的陈述，故用一般现在时；再根据空格后的signs可知，此处用复数形式，故填are。4to play考查动词不定式。根据语境可知，此处表示“孩子们经常在周末到学校来运动”，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语，即to play。名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师
32、精心整理-第 9 页，共 17 页 -5if考查固定短语。此处表示“如果你意外撞倒他们中的一个怎么办”，故此处用 what if“如果怎么办”的固定结构。6terribly考查副词。此处用副词terribly 修饰形容词 sorry，表示“十分抱歉”。7a考查冠词。此处表示“你能放过我，只给一个警告吗？”，故用不定冠词a。8who/that考查定语从句。分析句子成分可知，“_ 8_ break the rules”是定语从句，修饰先行词drivers，指人，从句中缺少主语，故可用who 或 that。9much考查副词。此处表示“需要罚多少钱”，用How much。10less考查比较级。根据
33、空格后的than 可知，此处用 little 的比较级 less。F(2016 石家庄市模拟)Dogs are _1_ very popular pet.Most of them just live with their families.But some dogs have very special jobs _2_(do).A group of dogs _3_(know)as“Therapy Dogs”.These dogs are family pets with special training,_4_ allows them to go into public buildings
34、and comfort people _5_ need.The dogs are trained to be calm and quiet.Loud noises and unfamiliar places dont frighten them.They enjoy spending time with people.Some therapy dogs go into places,such as hospitals and nursing homes.When the dogs visit the patients,the patients are cheered up.They have
35、fun _6_(pet)the dogs and look forward to their visits.The dogs help to brighten their day.Therapy dogs can improve peoples health as well.Studies show that when people pet animals,their blood _7_(press)and heart rates go down.They are calmer and _8_(they)mood improves.Other therapy dogs work in scho
36、ols and libraries.They serve as warm and caring _9_(friend)to children,but they also do _10_(much).In one town in California,therapy dogs have become childrens reading buddies.The dogs make a great audience.The children look forward to reading to the dogs,and the dogs love the attention.名师资料总结-精品资料欢
37、迎下载-名师精心整理-第 10 页，共 17 页 -1_2._3._4._ 5_6._7._8._ 9_10._【参考答案】语法填空语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了有着特殊用途的狗治疗犬。它们能给病人带来心理上的安慰，能成为孩子的朋友。1a依据本句中的“very popular pet”可知，此处应用不定冠词，表示泛指。2to do本句中应用不定式作后置定语，have sth.to do表示“要做某事”。3are known分析句子结构可知，本句话缺少谓语动词，“a group of 名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数，dogs与 know 之间是动宾关系，此处描述的是一般情况，因此用一般现
38、在时的被动语态。4which这是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词为“special training”。5in由句意可知，这些治疗犬可以到公共场所安抚那些需要帮助的人。in need表示“在困难时，在危难之中”，为固定搭配。6pettinghave fun(in)doing sth.表示“做某事有乐趣”。7pressure 分析句子结构可知，此处应用名词，blood pressure表示“血压”。8their修饰名词 mood 要用形容词性物主代词，故填their。9friends根据句子的主语 They 可知，此处用名词复数。10more句中的 but 暗示这些狗对孩子来讲不仅仅是朋友，它们会做
39、得更多。G(2015 山西四校联考二)名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 11 页，共 17 页 -I was in the ninth year when I began to suffer depression.My parents noticed but felt that since Id always been _1_ good child,this was temporary._2_(fortunate),it was not to be so.I didnt have friends.Hardly could I share my problems.Deep wor
40、ry began to destroy my _3_(confident).Finally I refused to attend classes，_4_(shut)myself in my room for hours.The examination was a pproaching,but I simply didnt care.My parents and teachers were surprised at my bad performance.One morning，_5_ a particularly severe lecture from my father,I stood at
41、 the school gate，_6_(depress).Then as the other students marched to their classrooms,our headmaster called me.The next fortyfive minutes was one of the most precious _7_(moment)in my life.She said she _8_(notice)a big change in me and wondered why.At first she took my hands in _9_(she)and listened p
42、atiently as I mentioned my worries.Then she hugged me as I wept.Months of frustration and loneliness disappeared in her motherly hug.No one had tried to understand what the real problem was except the headmaster，_10_ helped me out simply by listening and hugging.【语篇导读】本文讲述了作者小时候患抑郁症后得到了校长的关爱而走出阴影的故事
43、。1a考查冠词。child 是可数名词，且第一次在文章中出现，故用不定冠词修饰，表示“一个”好孩子。2Unfortunately考查副词。不幸的是，情况并非如此。根据逗号的提示可知，此处应用所给词的副词形式，修饰整个句子，作状语。再根据句意可知，应用Unfortunately。3confidence考查名词。my 是形容词性物主代词，修饰名词，作定语，故用confidence。4shutting考查现在分词。shut和句子主语 I 构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 12 页，共 17 页 -分词作状语。5after考查连词。根据语境可知，此处应用连
44、词after，表示“在之后”。6depressed 考查形容词。由句子的主语I 和该空前的逗号可知，应用形容词depressed 在句子中作状语。7moments考查名词。根据空格前的“one of”并结合语境可知，此处用最高级修饰名词 moments，表示“最珍贵的时刻之一”。8had noticed考查过去完成时。notice 的动作发生在 said之前，表示过去的过去，故用过去完成时。9hers考查代词。介词后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语，且由空格前的“my hands”可知，此处用名词性物主代词hers，表示她的手。10who考查非限定性定语从句。who 引导非限定性定语从句，在从句中作
45、主语，修饰先行词 the headmaster。H(2016 湖南省东部六校联考)One of the major holiday shopping days is the day after Thanksgiving.It is _1_(frequent)referred to as Black Friday.The use of the word“black”relates _2_ the business accountants.Storekeepers used to record profits in black ink and losses in red ink.So _3_(be
46、)“in the black”on the Friday after Thanksgiving means a good thing,a return to profits.Black Friday is the big day for many retailers,and it presents the shopper an opportunity _4_(get)all of ones holiday shopping done at once among amazing sale prices.On that day,most retailers will open very early
47、 _5_ usually provide massive and attractive discounts on their products,while a great number of holiday shoppers will get _6_ early start in the morning to begin Christmas shopping.Black Friday also means that people face crowded stores,_7_ is the other idea of a“Black Friday”，a day they do not like
48、.It used to be the _8_(busy)shopping day of 名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 13 页，共 17 页 -a year.Many people avoid this shopping day altogether because of the stress _9_(involve)in fighting the crowds.In recent years the Saturday before Christmas _10_(see)the biggest shopping crowds.1_2._3._4._ 5_6._7._8._
49、9_10._【参考答案】语法填空语篇解读：本文介绍了黑色星期五的由来。1frequently句意：它频繁地被称作“黑色星期五”。空处修饰动词短语is referred to，应用副词。2torelate to.“和有关”，是固定短语。3being分析句子结构可知，本处应用动名词短语being“in the black”on the Friday after Thanksgiving 作主语。4to get它给顾客一个以惊人的价格获得商品的机会。本处应用动词不定式作the opportunity的定语。5and多数的商家都会早早地开门迎客，同时为顾客提供很多吸引人的折扣。本处 and连接两个并列
50、的谓语。6anan early start“一个早的开始”，此处表示泛指，故应用不定冠词；又因early 的读音以元音音素开头，故用an。7which分析句子结构可知，本处应为非限制性定语从句，空处指代前面的“people face crowded stores”这句话，应用关系代词which。8busiest它过去常常是一年中最繁忙的购物日。根据前面的the 可知，本处应用最高级 busiest。名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 14 页，共 17 页 -9involved很多人避免在这一天购物，因为会卷入抵抗人群的压力中。involve与 stress之间为逻辑上的动宾关系