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1、第6讲-时态健康生活主题阅读-教案一、课前热身Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. 1.In Britain today women_ 44% of the workforce, and nearly half the mothers with children are in paid work.A are making up B
2、.will make up C.make up D.are to make up2.If it _too much trouble,Id love a cup of tea.A isnt B wasnt C werent D hadnt been3.Unless he to help us, we shall lose the game.A promises B will promise C would promise D had promised4.It will not be long before that young man_me again.A will meet B has met
3、 C meets D would meet5. It is not the instruments a scientist uses but rather how he uses the instruments that_him a scientist.A.is made B.made C.make D.makes6. The car _ at eleven to collect the guest speakers and they _ at the hall eleven thirty.A.will come,arriveB.comes,have arriveC.comes,arriveD
4、.has come,arrived7.That son of you aunts_noises! What a nuisance!A.always makesB.will always makeC.always madeD.is always making8. I can see the leaders. The three front runners_ the corner into the stadium complex now.A have turned B will turn C are turning D were turning9. I _ the neighbours cat t
5、his week while shes in hospital.A feed B would feed C am feeding D was to feedKeys: CAACD CDCC【教学建议】通过时间轴思维导图的形式复习初中所学八大时态，尤其是与现在、过去相关的时态，以导入本节课所要学习的时态；或者通过表格填写的方式，让学生回忆初中所学时态；也可以通过课堂情景演绎复习所学时态，再导入本节课内容。2、 知识精讲知识点一、六大基本时态【知识梳理】一、一般现在时概 念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。 时间状语：always, usually, often, sometimes,
6、 every week（day, year, month）,once a week, on Sundays一般现在时的用法：1）一般现在时表示经常性的动作或状态 一般现在时表示经常性动作或状态时，常与often, always, usually, sometimes, every day等时间状语连用。如： The shop opens at nine every day. 这家商店每天九点开门。 It seldom snows here. 这儿很少下雪。 2）一般现在时表示客观存在或普遍真理 Light travels faster than sound. 光速比声速快。 Food easi
7、ly goes bad in hot weather. 天气热时食物容易坏。 3）一般现在时表示主语的特征或状态The picture looks very beautiful. 这幅画看起来很美。 Air contains oxygen and nitrogen. 空气含有氧和氮。 4）一般现在时在时间和条件状语从句中表示将来的动作或状态Ill tell her about it as soon as I see her. When does the train arrive? 火车几点到？ 二、现在进行时概 念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。时间状语：now, at this t
8、ime, these days,etc. 现在进行时的用法：1）现在进行时表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作 表示现阶段正在进行的动作，通常用表示现阶段的时间状语，如：today, this week, this month, this year, this term, now等。如： He is writing a novel now. 他目前正在写一部小说。 2）现在进行时表示经常性的动作 现在进行时在表示经常性、重复性或习惯性的动作时必须与only, merely, simply, really, fast, rapidly, steadily, forever, all the time
9、, always, constantly, continually, repeatedly等频度副词连用。如： She is always complaining. 她总是在抱怨。 3）现在进行时表示按计划或已安排好要做的事 这一用法只适用于某些动词，如：go, come, leave, start, arrive, return, spend, sail, meet, fly等。如： The guest is leaving by train tonight. 客人今晚坐火车走。 三、现在完成时现在完成时表示从过去持续到现在的动作或状态现在完成时的这种用法通常与由since或for引导的时间
10、状语连用。如： The old man has lived here for more than twenty years. 老人已在此住了20多年了。 现在完成时表示过去发生的对现在有影响的动作 现在完成时的这种用法有时不带时间状语，有时可以和already, before, ever, just, lately, never, once, recently, yet等一些所指时间不具体的时间状语连用。如： Have you ever been to Australia? 你去过澳大利亚吗？ 四、一般过去时概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。 时间状语：ag
11、o, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last（year, night, month）,in 1989,just now, at the age of 5,one day, once upon a time, etc. 例句： Lucy turned off all the lights before she went out. 出门前露茜关了所有的灯。 五、过去进行时概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。 时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time,from 6:00
12、 to 7:00 this morning等。 基本结构：s was/were doing 否定形式：s was/were not doing. 一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。（第一个字母大写） e.g. At that time she was working in a PLA unit. When he came in, I was reading a newspaper. 六、过去完成时概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。 时间状语：before, by the end of last year / term /
13、 month, etc. 1）过去完成时表示过去某时之前结束的动作或状态 When he got there, the train had already left. 他到了那儿时火车已经离开了。 Ina realized she had made a mistake. 艾娜意识到她犯了个错误。 2）过去完成时与when等从句连用 barely / hardly / scarcely.when., no sooner.than. 是表示“一就”如： No sooner had we left the house than it began to rain. 我们刚离开家就开始下雨了。 I ha
14、d not gone much farther before I caught them up. 我没有走多远就赶上他们了。 3）过去完成时表示持续到过去某时之前的动作或状态 We had finished the work by nine oclock yesterday. 昨晚九点前我们已完成了工作。 The company had completed the project by the end of 1999. 到1999年底公司已完成了那个项目。【例题精讲】1. According to a report from WHO, two million people worldwide
15、_ to die from air pollution each year. A. estimated B. estimate C. are estimated D. are estimating2. A study of ancient writings and evidence _ that for the past 5000 years, cats have been kept as pets. A. show B. shows C. showed D. had showed3. He _ as a mechanic for 10 years but now he turns busin
16、essman investing in the stock market. A. has worked B. had worked C. worked D. was working4. - John, I hear you dont work for IBM any more.-Yes, I _ a better job in Microsoft. A. offeredB. was offeringC. have been offered D. offer5. How nice it_to be back home again after such a long absence!A. is f
17、eltB. feelsC. will be felt D. is feelingKey: C B C C B 【教学建议】例题精讲时引导学生先找到句子中的时间状语或时间标志词，然后判断是哪种时态。【巩固练习】1. Peter, a fan of tennis, told me that the Chinese player Li Na _ the second gold medal in the Australian Open Tennis Championship in the coffee bar the day before. A. wins B. will win C. would w
18、in D. had won 2. Tower Bridge, one of Britains most famous landmarks, _ at the end of the 19th Century. A. builtB. was builtC. has builtD. had been built3. The number of children who contracted colds and visited the hospital _ in the county since last fall. A. increasedB. would increasedC. has incre
19、asedD. had increased4. Has Tim finished writing his annual budget report?I have no idea. He _ it this morning. A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done5. I can tell you were in such a hurry. You _ your costly dinner jacket inside out. A. had wornB. wore C. wear D. are wearingKey: D B C C D【教学建议】通
20、过以上练习检测本节课所学时态用法的掌握情况。知识点二、健康生活主题阅读【知识梳理】阅读文章最重要的就是把握文章主旨，如果能找准了主题句，对于把握文章主旨就迎刃而解了。1.主题句的显著特点：主题句所表达的意思具有明显的概括性；句子结构简单精练；文章或段落中的其他句子都是对主题句的进一步解释、说明、论证或扩展。2. 主题句的五种位置：文首；文尾；首尾呼应；文中；没有主题句。3. 主题句的确定方法：用浏览法（skimming），即只需选读文首、文尾，或每段的首句和尾句等，重点搜索主题线索和主题信息。4. 辨认主旨小窍门段落中出现转折时，该句很可能是主题句。作者有意识地反复重复的观点通常是主旨。首段出
21、现疑问句时，对该问题的解答可能就是文章主旨。提出文章主旨时常伴有的文字提示：therefore, thus, but, however, in short等。【教学建议】通过梳理阅读主旨题的常见方法，帮助迅速找到中心句，进而抓住文章主旨。【例题精讲】(A)With around 100 students scheduled to be in that 9 am Monday morning lecture, it is no surprise that almost 20 people actually make it to the class and only 10 of them arc
22、still awake after the first IS minutes; it is not even a surprise that most of them are still in their pyjamas (睡衣). Obviously, students are terrible at adjusting their sleep cycles to their daily schedule. All human beings possess a body clock. Along with other alerting (警报) systems, this governs t
23、he sleep/wake cycle and is therefore one of the main processes which govern sleep behaviour. Typically, the preferred sleep/wake cycle is delayed in adolescents, which leads to many students not feeling sleepy until much later in the evenings. This typical sleep pattern is usually referred to as the
24、 night owl schedule of sleep. This is opposed to the early bird schedule, and is a kind of disorder where the individual tends to stay up much past midnight. Such a person has great difficulty in waking up in the mornings. Research suggests that night owls feel most alert and function best in the ev
25、enings and at night. Research findings have shown that about 20 percent of people can be classified as night owls and only 10 percent can be classified as early birds - the other 70 percent are in the middle. Although this is clearly not true for all students, for the ones who are true night owls th
26、is gives them an excellent excuse for missing their lectures which unfortunately fall before midday.1. What does the author stress in Paragraph 1?A. Many students are absent from class.B. Students are very tired on Monday mornings.C. Students do not adjust their sleep patterns well.D. Students are n
27、ot well prepared for class on Mondays.2.Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 2?A. Most students prefer to get up late in the morning.B. Students dont sleep well because of alerting systems.C. Ones body clock governs the sleep/wake cycle independently.D. Adolescents delayed sleep/wak
28、e cycle isnt the preferred pattern.3.Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word classified?A. Criticized B.Grouped C.Organized D.Named4.What docs the text mainly talk about?A. Functions of the body clock.B. The night owl phenomenon.C. Human beings sleep behaviour.D. The scho
29、ol schedule of early birds.【文章大意】本文为一篇新闻报道，研究分析了部分青年的“夜猫子”生活模式。1. C 考查主旨大意。在文章首段作者首先通过数字说明许多学生早晨不能准时起床的一种情况，然后用一句话Obviously, students are terrible at adjusting their sleep cycles to their daily schedule.来解释这种现象的原因，提出文章中心，然后围绕此中心展开行文，故答案选C。2.D 考查细节理解。根据第二段Typically , the preferred sleep / wake cycle
30、is delayed in adolescents 可知学生们对他们自己的睡眠模式不熟悉，没有能够恰当地去调整适应自己的生物钟，因而造成了睡眠问题，故答案选D。3.B 考查词义推断。A批评；B分类；C 组织；D命名。根据上文第三段末句This typical sleep pattern is usually referred to as the night owl schedule of和第四段首句This is opposed to the early bird schedule,可知睡眠模式有两种，即”night owl” 和”early bird”，而此处把20%归到night owls
31、类，由此判断该词意思为“分类”，选B。4.B 考查主旨要义。在文章开头介绍一堂课中学生的迟到和准时到的情况，提出了学生不擅长调整自己的生物钟而去适应白天的学业安排这一问题。然后在下文对此现象进行分析并介绍造成这种情况的原因，所以答案选B。A选项内容“人体生物钟的功能”，B选项“人体的睡眠行为”都比较片面，不能反应文章中心；而D选项“早起者的时间安排”在文中没有涉及。【教学建议】语篇精讲时，引导学生运用所学的方法找到段落的中心句，进而抓住文章主旨。【巩固练习】There have always been a lot of commonly believed but false ideas abo
32、ut being fat and doing exercise. Some people believe that they cant help putting on weight as they get older, while others hold that if they stop exercising, their muscles will turn into fat. Here are some more myths:Ill never lose weight - I come from a fat family Wrong! While we cant change the bo
33、dy type we are born with, we cant blame our genes for making us fat. Theres plenty of evidence that fatness runs in families, and the main reason is that they share the same habits of eating too much and exercise too little.I am fat because I burn calories slowly Wrong! Fatness is not caused by a sl
34、ow metabolism（新陈代谢）. In fact, although fat people consume more energy that slim people, they also fail to realize how much they eat! Keeping a diary can help you work out your daily food intake more accurately.Exercise is boring Wrong! Anything will become boring if you do it repetitively. The key i
35、s to develop a balanced and varied program thats fun as well as progressive. If you enjoy a Sunday walk, take a different route. If you do Yoga, try a tai chi class. If you like swimming, set yourself a distance or time challenge.No pain, no gain Wrong! Exercise is not meant to hurt. Indeed, pain is
36、 your body telling you somethings wrong, and continuing to exercise could lead to serious injury. You may experience mild discomfort as you begin to exercise regularly, but this your body adapting to the positive changes in your lifestyle and the aches should disappear relatively quickly. If you don
37、t, rest and seek medical advice.1.What does the author think about being fat?A. It is the family genes that make people fat.B. People are fat because they consume too little energy.C. A diary of exercise can prevent people from becoming fat.D. It is the consequence of peoples unbalanced lifestyle.2.
38、According to the author, how can we make exercise more interesting?A.By taking varied exercise.B.By choosing simple exercise.C.By doing regular exercise.D.By sticking to outdoor exercise.3.What is the authors opinion about “No pain, no gain” in exercising?A.Keeping fit is essentially a painful exper
39、ience.B.Exercise should be stopped if continuous pain is felt.C.Pain in exercise is a precondition for reaching your goal.D.Getting used to pain leads to positive changes in your body.4.What is the purpose of the passage?A.To declare the importance of keeping fit.B. To clarify some misconceptions ab
40、out fatness and exercise.C.To confirm what has long been believed about keeping fit.D.To explain some medical facts about being fat and doing exercise.Keys：D A B B【教学建议】对于学生做错的题目，先引导学生分析出错的原因，并在文章中找到解题依据。 三、当堂测试Why do Americans struggle with watching their weight, while the French, who consume rich
41、food, continue to stay thin? Now a research by Cornell University suggests how life style and decisions about eating may affect weight. Researchers concluded that the French tend to stop eating when they feel full. However, Americans tend to stop when their plate is empty or their favorite TV show i
42、s over. According to Dr. Joseph Mercola, a health expert, the French see eating as an important part of their life style. They enjoy food and therefore spend a fairly long time at the table, while Americans see eating as something to be squeezed between the other daily activities. Mercola believes A
43、mericans lose the ability to sense when they are actually full. So they keep eating long after the French would have stopped. In addition, he points out that Americans drive to huge supermarkets to buy canned and frozen foods for the week. The French, instead, tend to shop daily, walking to small sh
44、ops and farmers markets where they have a choice of fresh fruits, vegetables, and eggs as well as high-quality meats for each meal. After a visit to the United States, Mireille Guiliano, author of French Women Dont Get Fat, decided to write about the importance of knowing when to stop rather than su
45、ggesting how to avoid food. Today she continues to stay slim and rarely goes to the gym. In spite of all these differences, evidence shows that recent life style changes may be affecting French eating habits. Today the rate of obesity or extreme overweight among adults is only 6%. However, as American fast food gains acceptance and the young reject older traditions, the obesity rate among French children has reached 17% and is growing.1.In what way are the French different from Americans according to Dr. Joseph Mercola?A.They go shopping at supermarkets more frequently.B.They squ