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1、第一部分基础知识归纳梳理,第一节初中常用单词、词组辨析,名词类单词、词组辨析, 1. advice， suggestion,【解析】 两者均为名词，其意义基本一致，都表示“建议”。区别在于： （1）advice多指“忠告、劝告”，是不可数名词，不可用an， many，a few等直接修饰，也不能在其后加s，但可以用some， much， a piece of等直接修饰。常见搭配有give some advice， ask for advice等。,（2）suggestion 多指供人参考的想法，是可数名词，可用a， some， many，a few等直接修饰，有复数形式。常见搭配有give a
2、 suggestion， make a suggestion等。 附：advise与suggest分别为advice， suggestion的动词，意为“向建议”。 【举例】 The lawyer gave me some helpful advice. 律师给了我一些有用的建议。 Do you have any suggestions on how to solve the problem properly？关于如何妥当地解决这个问题，你有什么建议吗？,【应用】 （ ）1. Could you please give some _ to the _ teachers？ A. advice；
3、men B. advices； men C. suggestion； man D. suggestions； man （ ）2. I made a few _ about how we could spend the afternoon. A. advice B. advise C. suggests D. suggestions （ ）3. I have some problems with my English writing. Could you give me a piece of _? A. advice B. decisions C. information D. suggesti
4、on,A,D,A,2. the number of, a number of,【解析】 the number of 意为“的数目”，修饰复数可数名词，中心词为“数目”，故谓语动词用单数形式。a number of 意为“许多”，修饰复数可数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。 附：修饰复数可数名词表示“许多”的词组还有a good / great many， a lot of， lots of， plenty of等等。 此外，a number of还可以被分解为两个短语：a small number of“少许，一些”和 a large number of “大量的”。,【举例】 The number
5、 of graduates who volunteer to help in the rural area has reached 3,000. 志愿去农村地区助一臂之力的毕业生人数已经达到三千了。 A number of people were gathering on the square when the accident happened. 当事故发生时，许多人正聚集在广场上。 【应用】 （ ）1. _ fish died out because of the water pollution. A. The number of B. All kind of C. A number of
6、 D. A bit,C,（ ）2. A number of professors _ to the US. A.is flying B.are fly C.have gone D.has gone （ ）3. A number of students _ in the dinning hall.Let me count. The number of the students _ about 400. A. are; is B. is; are C. are; are D. is; is （ ）4. In China， _ graduates go abroad to have a furthe
7、r study every year. A. a great deal of B. the number of C. lot of D. a great many,C,A,D,3. people, person,【解析】 (1)people表示“人；人们”时是集体名词，表复数概念，不能表示“一个人”，只有当表示两个或两个以上的人时才可用people，如two people意为“两个人”。people还可以表示“民族”，此时有单、复数之分， one people 意为“一个民族”， two peoples意为“两个民族”。 (2)person是个体名词，它泛指man，woman或child中的任
8、何一个，其复数形式是persons。,【举例】 This hall is spacious enough to hold at least 1,000 people. 这个大厅够宽敞，可以容纳至少一千人。 We all know that there are 56 peoples in China. 我们都知道中国有五十六个民族。 Who is the youngest person in your class？ 你们班里年龄最小的人是谁？ 【应用】 ( )1. An old _ came in. She looked pale. A. people B. man C. person D. p
9、ersons,C,( )2. Some _ in this town speak Cantonese(广东话). A. people B. person C. peoples D. child ( )3. There are more than 20 _ in Yunnan Province. A. people B. peoples C. persons D. person 4. family，house，home 【解析】 三者都牵涉到“家”。family意为“家；家人”，指家庭或家庭成员。house是指居住的建筑物（房屋，住宅），可以购买、出租或出售。home意为“家”，带有眷恋等感情色
10、彩。,A,B,【举例】 How many people are there in Simons family？ 西蒙家有几口人？ He has bought a house in America. 他在美国买了一幢房子。 She gave up her job and stayed at home to care for her children. 她放弃了工作，留在家里照看孩子们。 【应用】 （ ）1. My _ have lived in this village for over ten years. A. house B. family C. home D. parent,B,( )2
11、. She does her homework at _ every night. A. family B.house C.home D. room ( )3. Theres a big tree in front of my _. A. family B. house C. home D. address 5. how much， how many 【解析】 两者都可以表示“多少”，都可以用于特殊疑问句中询问数量。区别在于： how much询问数量时后面只接不可数名词；how many询问数量时后面只接复数可数名词。 附：how much还可以用于询问重量、价格或运算结果，当用于询问价格时
12、，how much后可接单数、复数可数名词或不可数名词。,C,B,【举例】 How much bread do you want？ 你想要多少面包？ Half a kilo. 一斤。 How many rooms are there in your house？ 你的房子有多少间房间？ Three. 三间。 How much is this apple？ 这个苹果多少钱？ How much are these apples？ 这些苹果多少钱？ How much is the bread？ 面包多少钱？ 【应用】 ( )1. _ people are there in your family？
13、There are five. A. How many B. How much C. How often D. How old,A,( )2. _ is your new computer？ 1,800 dollars. A. How many dollars B. Whats the price of C. How much D. How ( )3. _ milk is there in the glass？ Just a little. A. How much B. What C.How many D. How ( )4. _ are the carrots？ Two yuan a kil
14、o. A. How expensive B. Whatre the price of C. How much D. How many,C,A,C,6. noise， voice， sound 【解析】 (1)noise意为“噪音；喧闹声”，常指不悦耳、不和谐的嘈杂声。 (2)voice指人的嗓音或说话、唱歌时发出的声音。 (3)sound泛指人们听到的各种“声音”，可以是人或动物的声音，也可以是大自然的任何声音。 【举例】 Dont make any noise！ 别吵闹！ Sherry， the lovely girl， has a really sweet voice. 雪莉，那个可爱的女
15、孩，有着相当甜美的嗓音。 Light travels much faster than sound. 光的传播速度比声音快得多。,【应用】 ( )1. Celion Dion is a fantastic singer. She has an amazing _. A. noise B. voice C. sound ( )2. Can you hear the _ of the river？ A. sound B. noise C. voice ( )3. Stop that _, noisy boys！ A. voice B. sound C. noise,B,A,C,7. problem
16、，question 【解析】 两者都可表示“问题”。problem指说话者认为难以解决的问题，常与动词 solve或settle(解决)搭配使用。question则指说话者需要寻找答案的问题，常与动词ask或answer连用。 此外，problem可用于指数学、化学或物理等的习题，而question却无此含义。,【举例】 The problem is difficult to be solved. 这个问题很难解决。 May I ask you some questions？我可以问你一些问题吗？ Can you work out this chemistry problem？你能算出这道化学
17、题吗？ 【应用】 ( )1. Can you fix this? No _. A. problem B. problems C. question,A,( )2. The president refuses to answer further _ on this subject. A. question B. questions C. problems ( )3. The physics _ Max worked out was really difficult. He was a genius! A. questions B. problems C. problem 8. work， job
18、 【解析】 两者都可指“工作”。job指具体的职业或零工，是可数名词，a job表示“一份工作”。work通常用作动词，作名词时常用作不可数名词，a piece of work表示“一份工作”。 附：work表示“著作、作品”之意时是可数名词，其复数为works。,B,C,【举例】 I heard you had changed jobs. 我听说你换了几份工作。 Work hard, and youll get a promotion. 努力工作，这样你会升职的。 First of all， I should thank you all for your hard work. 首先，我应该感
19、谢大家的辛勤工作。 【应用】 ( )1. Its not easy to find a good _. A. job B. work C. jobs D. works ( )2. He _ as a worker. A. work B.job C. works D. jobs,A,C,( )3. She has a lot of _ to do today. A. thing B. work C. works D. job ( )4. Everyones done an excellent _ in todays debate(辩论). A. jobs B. job C. work D. thing,B,B,