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1、备战高考作文之论说文理论指导及实战演练要点精析议论文，也称论说文，是就某一观点或概念进行论证并得出合理结论的一种文体，考查 学生的语言水平和逻辑思维能力。命题的方式主要有：提纲式（给出汉语提示，要求学生论 证）、图表式（给出图片或图表，要求学生先描写再分析论证）、情景式（给出情景，要求学生描 述分析）等。论说文在结构上是由论点、论据和结论组成,通常由引言段、中心段和结论段构成，中 心段可以由一至多个推展段组成。引言段（Opening paragraph）说出文中的要点、核心问题一 推展段（中心段/正文局部Body paragraphs）围绕主题开展表达、讨论一结论段（结尾局部 Concludi
2、ng paragraph）对全文的总结和概括。论说文的类型通常有：观点比照型、问题解决型、道理/观点论证型、说明利弊型等，各 类型的论证方式有相异之处，每一种类型都有相对固定的论证方式及句型。（一）观点比照型写作结构引入局部陈述观点1局部陈述观点2局部:“我的观点”局部结论（二）问题解决型写作结构演练3Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.假如你是明启中学的学生王磊，你校计划引进一个机器人担任餐厅服务员或者图书馆
3、管理 员，并在英语学校贴吧征求学生意见，你很感兴趣，决定回帖响应；你所写的内容应包括:1 .你认为机器人适合担任的一个岗位，二选一；.通过比拟，阐述你选择的理由，可以从工作效率、服务范围等方面进行表述。【范文】Im thrilled to hear that our school is planning to employ a robot as a servant in the canteen or a librarian and is seeking students advice on the final decision. Tm replying to put forward my si
4、ncere suggestions from an ordinary students perspective, and hopefully theyll be helpful to you.Personally, I strongly recommend employing a robot to do library work. Im sure that improving work efficiency is a decisive factor in your decision to replace a human employee with a robot on the post. Wh
5、en it comes to this aspect, there is no doubt that a robotic librarian is fully capable of providing service to the students in the library, since they are not too large in number. Besides, the tidy and ordered environment is bound to enable the robot to exert its incredible capability to the fulles
6、t. By contrast, the crowded canteen is not that robot friendly, as students passing by may constantly interrupt the robot from moving and working fluently, or even collide with it, which is likely to cause damage to both the robot and the students.Moreover, the range of service should also be taken
7、into account. A robotic librarian is able to store a large amount of information, and thus able to offer students advice on where to find certain books or which books to borrow based on their preference. Whats more, a search engine can be installed into the robot so that it can act as a competent co
8、nsultant as well as a guide. In comparison, a single role as a canteen servant seems to be a waste of the robots such all-round abilities.To sum up, employing the robot as a librarian will make full use of its potential. Id appreciate it very much if you could take my advice into consideration. What
9、ever the final decision will be, I must say Im looking forward to the movie, as it reflects our schools intention to create a hi-tech and modernized environment on campus, which if good for all of us students.演练4Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions
10、given below in Chinese.假如你是李敏，在一本英文旅游杂志上，你发现了这样一条信息：某古城景区对当地人收费 5美元，对外国人收费15美元，针对这一情况，请你以李敏的口吻给该杂志编辑写一封信, 具体要求如下：1 .介绍一下你在杂志上看到的内容；.针对此事自己的态度以及理由。第一步：列提纲第一段：背景:观点：参考思路：背景： charge domestic tourists 5 dollars while foreigners 15 dollars观点：unfair, the price for tickets should be fair第二段：理由：1,2,3,参考思路：1
11、, it attracts more tourists, make traveling thrive;2, bring jobs and consumption, improve economy;2, protect the old history and display the ancient city;第三段：总结（对观点的升华）总结参考思、路： not only improve tourism but also protect the ancient city第二步：思考主体段落的思路拓展：第一式第二式第一式：分析原因： oversea tourists will be more wil
12、ling to travel here第二式： 分析结果：the improve consumption and increased jobs will benefit economy第三步：组织成句子第一段：参考思路：背景句：the ticket prices of the ancient city for domestic tourists is at 5 dollars while 15 dollars for overseas guests.观点句：I strongly advocate the equal fare and my reasons are as follows.第二段:
13、FirstWhafs more：Last but not least:参考思路：Firstly, many foreigners are willing to visit the ancient city but will feel discriminated and draw back when being charged higher price than the local, fair price can obviously attract more tourists, winning us a seat in the increasing competitive traveling m
14、arket.Whafs more, more tourists bring more consumption and more jobs, which, without doubt, will make local economy thrive.Another, researchers will have more money deeply-exploring the history of the ancient city and display the old days with new technology. Therefore, we can appreciate the past be
15、autiful scenery of the ancient city.第三段:Based on what I stated above, the fair price will benefit more tourists and tourisms. Not only it attracts more tourists but also displays its beautiful scenery. What matters most is that it has a comprehensive influence on our present days and constructs new
16、relationship between humans and the environment of ancient city.第四步：成文Dear Editor,As an honest reader of your travel magazine, it is a pity to read the news that the ticket prices of an ancient city for domestic tourists are at 5 dollars while 15 dollars for overseas guests. I am writing to strongly
17、 advocate the equal fare and my reasons are as follows.Firstly, many foreigners are willing to visit the ancient city but will feel discriminated and draw back when being charged higher price than the local, fair price can obviously attract more tourists, winning us a seat in the increasing competit
18、ive traveling market. Whats more, more tourists bring more consumption and more jobs, which, without doubt, will make local economy thrive. Another, researchers will have more money deeply-exploring the history of the ancient city and display the old days with new technology. Therefore, we can appre
19、ciate the past beautiful scenery of the ancient city.Based on what I stated above, not only will the fair price benefit more tourists but also have a comprehensive influence on our present days everlasting development of local economy and tourism, constructing new relationship between humans and the
20、 environment of ancient city.I will highly appreciate it if you can reply to me as soon as possible!Your faithfully,Li Min句式总结:1, As an honest reader of your travel magazine1, 1 am writing to strongly advocate the equal fare and my reasons are as follows.3, fair price can obviously attract more tour
21、ists, winning us a seat in the increasing competitive traveling market.4, which, without doubt, will make local economy thrive.5, Based on what I stated above, .6, not only will the fair price benefit more tourists but also have a comprehensive influence on.问题陈述分析（原因/后果）问题解决（三）道理成点论证型写作结构引述格言/道理，并揭示
22、含义或分析原因举例或用事实论证结论（四）说明利弊型写作结构描述某事物或现象陈述该事物或现象的优缺点说明我的态度或看法film同事课堂典例（2020上海高考英语作文）假如你是明启中学高三学生李华，前儿日，你邀请你的好友王磊下周五去郊野公园一起欣赏 露天音乐会。面对天气恶劣、交通不便等原因，王磊一直犹豫不决。假如你是李华，请写一 封信说服王磊和你起参加。要求包括以下内容：1 .解决王磊的困扰 2 .音乐会的重要性01题目综述今年的高考作文题，基本延续了近年来上海高考英语作文的出题方式。作文话题以生活情境形式出现，同时需要借助信件写作的模式来表达自己的一些看法和建 议。02审题要点 今年高考的话题依
23、旧是围绕着同学们身边的生活来展开。同时也需要联想一些细节来展开自 己的描写。例如，面对一场露天音乐会，同学们在实际生活中应该不会陌生，但是关于露天音乐会的场 景，有哪些有意思的方面，这需要大家在平时的生活中留意观察。考试中时间有限，但是如果能够展开合理的联想，这对大家写作非常有帮助。 写作套用了近年来常用的信件套路，结合了实际生活的需要。这个和我们高考越发贴近实际 生活场景这个大的方向是保持一致的。信件写作的基本格式和结构需要所有同学都能够熟练掌握。（见下文）本质上来看，这依旧是一篇议论文。高中英语写作中，议论文的写作同学们务必掌握清楚。 细细读来，这篇文章看似是在帮同学解决心中疑虑。如果落入
24、这个陷阱，说明同学们在审题 方面没有看透本质。其实这篇文章抓住议论文这个核心结构就可以了：我们需要说服同学的点在于，演唱会值 得一看或者不可错过。这其实就是议论文的核心观点，剩下的正文中写出几个核心理由并搭 配补充的例子和解释，那么这篇文章的基本脉络就清晰可见了。03实用结构 信件写作的基本框架Greeting:Use an appropriate greeting (Dear Mr/Miss/Mrs/Ms.+last name, or Dear + first name)Opening paragraph:Use set phrase to begin your letter and say
25、 why you are writing (How are you doing? It was nice to hear from you.etc)Main part:The content of your writingClosing paragraph:State anything you want to emphasize.Use set phrases to end your letterSignature endings:Yours, all the best, best wishes.议论文的基本框架Introduction：Briefly introduce the topic
26、youre going to discuss.Say how you feel about.Main part: (two paragraphs)Choose two main aspects of the issue and write one paragraph on each.Explain your ideas/points, and give examples if possible.Conclusion:Sum up by stating your overall opinion.同学们只要把这两个框架融汇起来合理使用，就是本文的基本大纲。04参考范文Dear Wang Lei,I
27、ts been a while since I heard from you. Last time, I invited you to attend the concert which will be held next Friday in the century park. Though you did not reply to me, the hesitation wearing on your face offered me a glimpse of what was going on in your mind. Maybe it is the recent ghastly weathe
28、r or the terrible traffic that hinder you from making up your mind. However, as far as I concerned, its still worth our efforts.This concert is not a pop music concert but a classic music one where several prestigious symphony orchestras will perform many well-known compositions. It must be a feast
29、for all the audience. Moreover, chances are that we may have an album with performers9 autographs on it. You should never miss such a fabulous concert!In terms of difficulties you are worried about, I have already found some solutions. My father will be available on that day so that he can drive us
30、to the scene. I have managed to persuade him to make his promise. In addition, in case of a rainy day, I have prepared two raincoats. I am confident that we will indulge ourselves into the elegant flow of notes.I am looking forward to hearing your reply.Yours,Li Hua实战演练演练iDirections: Write an Englis
31、h composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.假设你是明启中学的学生王磊,你的好友李宏今年暑期将赴英国参加为期两个月的海外交流 活动。如果选择主办方安排的住宿，他需要额外支付较高的费用。但他也可以通过为当地社 区养老院提供每月三十小时的义工服务，获得在养老院免费住宿的机会。李宏通过邮件向你 征求意见。你要写一封回信，内容包括：1.你对此事的明确态度;2 ,你的理由。审题分析：1 .此题是一封信，注意信件的格式，开头和落款不能少。2 .就作文内容而言，首先需要陈述事实，说明观
32、点。然后再说明理由通常写三个理由。最 后是简单总结和表达祝愿。这样，这篇作文的提纲其实就已经出来了。3 .注意：要在两者之间进行比拟。如果没有比拟的局部，作文写得再好，分数不会很高。4 .语言方面，注意陈述事实时要简洁明了，切记用语过多，入题太慢。说明理由时要主 题句明确，层次清楚，可用采取总分的结构。【范文】Dear Li Hong,Hearing that you have access to participate in an overseas communication activity in Britain which will last two months, Im now wri
33、ting to extend a helping hand, hoping that my suggestions that you should choose working as a volunteer thirty hours every month for the local community nursing home to gain an opportunity to stay in it for free may be beneficial to you to some extent.There are three main reasons accounting for my p
34、roposal. First and foremost, only by working as a volunteer can you attain a free stay. Apparently, in contrast with the accommodation arranged by the host, you can save a substantial amount of money. In addition, staying at a community nursing home, not only can you be exposed more to real life in
35、society and enhance your social experiences, thus helping you to get more mature, but your arrival will add colors to the atmosphere and reduce the burdens there as well. Last but not least, there is no denying that the interaction with the elderly can polish up your socializing skills as well as ra
36、ise your awareness to cooperate with strangers, which will contribute to your comprehensive and coordinated development. As an old saying goes, We can gain both things at the same time/ So why not choose it?I genuinely hope that you will take my suggestions into consideration. Best wishes that you w
37、ill have a good time there. It is a golden chance that you will gain in summer vacation. In short, enjoy yourself.Yours sincerely,Wang lei范文点评：1 .整个第一段只有一句话，hearing后接的是一个宾语从句，hearing是非谓语，which will last two months是一个定语从句，先行词是activity,陈述事实的局部，作者言简意赅。 接着作者说明写作目的,Fm writing to.后面用到了词组extend a helping h
38、and.然后又是非谓语hoping, my suggestions后面是that引导的一个同位语从句，后面用到了词组be beneficial to sb.和词组 to some extent.2 .第二段是总分总的结构，这样整段的逻辑就一清二楚了。There are three main reasons accounting for my proposal.是总起句。接着三个理由，分别用 First and foremost,.Inaddition,. Last but not least, -来进行连接和过度。再第一条理由后还有两者方式的对比,它用单独一个副词apparently开头,然后
39、用到了词组in contrast with.第一条理由用了一个局部倒装句，only +状语开头。表达第二条理由时也用到了一个倒装句，not onlybut also.第三条理由，用there is no denying that来表示强调，it是形式主语，that 引导的是 doubt 的同位语从句， 然后后面 which will contribute to your comprehensive and coordinated development.是一个非限制性定语从句。本段结尾用了一句谚语We can gain both things at the same time.再加一个反义疑问
40、句来强调。3 .结尾提出希望和祝愿。综合评价：本文层次清楚，语言简洁，用词丰富，句式多样。模板归纳：Hearing that -, Im now writing to extend a helping hand, hoping that my suggestion that you should-may be beneficial to you to some extent.There are three main reasons accounting for my proposal. First and foremost,. Apparently, in contrast with -. I
41、n addition,-. Last but not least, there is no denying that -. So why not一?I genuinely hope that you will take my suggestions into consideration. Best wishes that you will have a good time there. It is a golden chance that you will gain. In short, enjoy yourself.好词好句总结:1. .have access to 有的机会,extend
42、a helping hand 伸出援助之手，be beneficial to sb 对某人有好处，to some extent在某种程度上，in contrast with和进行比照，be exposed to接触，被暴露于，add colors to 给添加色彩，contribute to 有助于，take my suggestions into consideration考虑我的建议；2. only by working as a volunteer can you attain a free stay.止匕句是局部倒装；3. In addition, staying at a commu
43、nity nursing home, not only can you be exposed more to real life in society and enhance your social experiences, thus helping you to get more mature, but your arrival will add colors to the atmosphere and reduce the burdens there as well.止匕句是局部倒装;4. ,which will contribute to your comprehensive and c
44、oordinated development.止匕句是非限制性定语从句;5. I genuinely hope that you will take my suggestions into consideration.止匕句是宾语从句，genuinely副词用得恰到好处。演练2Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.近年来，随着我国经济和社会建设的高速开展，教育的开展也到达了一个空前的水平，但区 域的教育不公平受到
45、人们的关注。请你谈谈造成这一问题的原因及解决的措施。【参考范文】Tn recent years, with the rapid development of Chinas economic and social construction, the development of education has reached an unprecedented level, but the regional education inequity has attracted peoples attention.In my opinion, there are three reasons for this
46、 phenomenon. The first is the unfair investment in education. The investment in urban schools is much more than that in rural schools. The second is the inequality of educational resources. Some schools have advanced facilities, which provide their students with a good learning environment. However,
47、 some schools only have basic ones. Finally, inequality is also reflected in the allocation of teachers. The teaching ability of teachers in developed areas is generally better, while most of the teachers in less developed areas are supporting teachers or substitute teachers.So how to solve this pro
48、blem? Firstly, increase investment in education to narrow regional differences. Secondly, the allocation of resources should be reformed, and the compulsory education should be allocated as a whole. Finally, encourage experienced or highly educated teachers to teach in remote areas. At the same time, real-time courses can be applied to promote the equality of teachers.【解析】【分析】这是一篇开放作文。要求考生谈谈造成区域教育不公平的原因和解决措施。【详解】1.词汇积累吸弓I 某人的注意：draw ones attention-attract ones attention设备：equipmentfacility给某人提供某物：offer sb. sth.provide sb. with s