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1、7 / 7Unit 1 语法讲练 不定代词1. 不定代词 概念不定代词定义不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词常见不定代词some类Some , something, somebody, someoneany类 any, anybody (anyone), no类nobody no one 没有人every类everybody (everyone)其他all, each, both, none, one, much, many, (a)few, (a)little, either, neither, other, another充当成分作主语、宾语、表语、定语等2.不定代词能做什么成分？作主语
2、 of them are teachers他们两人都是教师。作宾语I know about this person我对这个人一无所知。作表语This book is difficult for a child这本书对一个小孩来说太难了。作定语There is water in the glass玻璃杯里有一些水。作状语I cant find my book . 我在任何地方都不能找到我的书。3.不定代词用法归纳some 【some用法归纳】 some通常用于肯定句，表示“几个，一些”，既可以修饰可数C，也可修饰不可数U.既可指人，也可指物。例:some books some water Som
3、e like sports, others like music. some也可以用于疑问句中表示征求别人意见，而希望得到对方的肯定回答。例：Would you like some coffee? Could you give me some more apples? some有时可修饰单数可数名词，表示“某个”。例：This morning, asked for you. any any通常用于否定句、疑问句或条件句，修饰单数或复数可数名词以及不可数名词。例：If there are magazines in the library, take some for me.图书馆如果来了新杂志，
4、替我借几本。Are there stamps in the drawer? 抽屉里有邮票吗？Is there money with you? 你身上带钱了吗？ any还可以用于肯定句，作“任何的”解。例：You can come here 你什么时候来都行。You can get it at shop. 你可以在任何一家商店买到它。(a)few; (a)little 用法 表示肯定 表示否定 修饰或代替复数可数名词a few (虽然不多，但有几个） few (几乎没有） 修饰或代替不可数名词a little (虽然不多，但有一点） little (几乎没有） few的意思是“没有几个”； a
5、few的意思是“少数”， “几个”； 修饰可数名词； a few表示肯定意义， few表示否定意义。例：The problem is so difficult that people can solve it. 这个问题太难了，几乎没人能做出来。Only e can solve this problem. 只有几个人能解决这个问题。 want to go. 他们中几乎没有人想去。A few of them want to go. 他们中有几个人想去。 little“没有多少”，a little“少量”，修饰不可数名词；a little表示肯定意义，little表示否定意义。例：There is
6、 little rainfall this spring. 今年春季雨水很少。Although it did not rain for the whole month, there is water in the pond.虽然整整一个月没下雨了，但池塘里还有一点水。either, both, all either表示“两者中的任何一个”。例： the brothers is selfish. 两兄弟都非常自私。Either will do. 两个都行。 both“两个都”，修饰可数名词，统指两者。例：Tom and Jack both made some progress. 汤姆和杰克两个都
7、有所进步。 should study hard 他们双方都应努力学习。 all“全部，所有的”，修饰可数名词和不可数名词，指两个以上的人或物。例： contributed to the fund. 所有的学生都为基金会捐了款。 has been spent. 钱都花完了。no, neither, none no“不”，可修饰单数和复数可数名词以及不可数名词。例：Time and tide wait for 时不我待。There are in the sky. 天上没有云。I have or such things. 我没钱买这些东西。 neither“两者中哪个都不”，其所指范围是两个人或物。
8、例： is correct. 两个答案都不对。 the two countries is satisfied with the result of the talk.两个国家都不满意会谈的结果。 none“没有一个人或东西”，它既可指可数名词（其所指范围是两个以上的人或物），又可指不可数名词。例：All of the trees were cut down, and was left. 所有的树都被砍了，一棵也不剩。 the students failed the examination. 没有一个学生考试不及格。表示两者和三者的不定代词(1)表示两者: both, either, neith
9、er (2)表示三者: all, any, none, every(3)表示肯定：both, all (4)表示否定：none, neither练一练：用以上不定代词填空。我的父母都是医生。_街道的两边都种了树。There are trees on _ sides of the street. = There are trees on _ side of the street.他有两个儿子，都不富有。He has two sons. _ of them is rich.他有三个儿子，都不富有。He has three sons. _ of them is rich.other/others/t
10、he other/anotherother表示“另一个”的意思， other与物主限定词连用也可指余下的另一个或全部。如：Use your other hand. 用你的另一只手。other单独使用时指其他的、另外的人或物。I saw Tom with some fellow students. 我看见汤姆和其他一些同学在一起。other在句中可作主语、宾语或定语，不独立使用，通常修饰可数名词复数。others可独立使用，无范围限定。(1) other和others前面加定冠词the 时表示特指，不加the 表示泛指。The other表示两个中的另一个，常用于句型”onethe other”
11、，the others 表示全部其余的人或物。注意： the other one/ones.指同类中余下的另一个或另一些。例。Where are students? 其他学生去哪儿了？One of the murderers was caught, but is still at large.一个凶手被抓住了，另一个却依然逍遥法外。 others是other的复数形式，指其他的、另外的人或物。例：We should not think only of our children, there are to be cared for also.我们不应该只想到自己的孩子，还有别的孩子也需要照顾。
12、may know this plan. 别人可能会知道这个计划。 the others表示同类中余下的全部。例：Jenny is cleverer than any of in her class.珍妮比班上的其他（任何）人都聪明。Eg. I have two brothers. _ is a doctor; _ is a teacher.He is always ready to help _.Five of them are in the classroom. What about _?6. another(另外一个，又一个)，指同类中多个东西中的“另一个” （即one more）只能代替
13、或修饰单数名词，可用作主语、宾语或定语，不独立使用。前面不加冠词。This watch doesnt work, I must get 这块表坏了，我该另买一块了。Another 后可以跟few 或带数字的复数名词。Eg. Just think what our town will be like in another few years. Youd better stay in bed for another two weeks.He went back to work too soon，and was laid up for three months.他回去上班过早，结果又病倒三个月。单数
14、单数3每一个every单数单数2每一个each单数或复数3三者或三者以上都不none单数或复数单数或复数3三者或三者以上都all单数单数=2两者都不neither单数单数=2两者中的任何一个either复数复数=2两者都both作主语时动词的数作定语时名词的数数量关系含义不定代词复合不定代词什么是复合不定代词？复合不定代词是由some-，any-，no-，every-加上-one，-body，-thing所组成的不定代词。复合不定代词包括哪些？someone（某人） somebody（某人 something（某事物 somewhere（某地）anyone（任何人） anybody（任何人）
15、anything（任何事物anywhere（任何地方）no one（没人） nobody(没人) nothing（没事物） nowhere（没有地方）everyone（每个人）everybody(每个人) everything(一切事物) everywhere（一切地方），这些复合代词具有名词性质，在句中可用作主语、宾语或表语。注意：复合不定代词若作主语，其谓语动词一般用单数. 例：I am new here, so nobody knows me. (我是新来的，因此没人认识我。） Somebody is waiting for you at the gate. (有人在门口等你。)形容词修
16、饰不定代词时，该形容词必须后置。 happened in our neighborhood. (我们小区发生了一些奇怪的事情。）Theres in the world if you put your heart into it. (世上无难事，只怕有心人)Is there here? 这儿有大人物吗？Would you like ? 要来些吃的东西吗？ 含some-和any-的复合不定代词间的用法区别由some-和any-所构成的复合不定代词（即something和anything；someone和anyone；somebody和anybody）之间的区别跟some和any的区别一样。some
17、thing，someone，somebody通常用于肯定句中，而anything，anyone，anybody一般用于否定句，疑问句或条件状语从句中。如：He found but interesting.他发现了一些奇怪但却有趣的事情。Doyouhave ？你有话要说吗？在表示请求、邀请、提建议等带有委婉语气的疑问句，和希望得到对方肯定答复的疑问句，以及表示反问的问句中，也用something，someone，somebody等复合不定代词。如: Wouldyou ？要些吃的东西吗？Isnt there something wrong with you? 难道你没问题吗？当anything表示
18、“任何事（物），无论何事（物）”，anyone，anybody表示“无论谁，任何人”等意义时，它们也可以用于肯定句中。如： is OK. 什么都行。 knows the answer.任何人都知道答案。 复合不定代词的否定部分否定及完全否定Not与不定代词all, both, every等表示全部意义的词连用时构成部分否定；若要表示完全否定，则需要换用none, neither, no 等。练一练：翻译下列句子。All of the students like the novel._Not all of the students like the novel. _All of the stud
19、ents dont like the novel._None of the students like the novel. _例： will go well. 并非一切都会那么顺利。The teacher didnt call everyones name. 老师并没有点所有人的名。 “not any-”和no-均表示全否定。例：He listened, but heard 他听了听，但什么也没听到。= He listened, but didnt hear .夯实基础 稳步提高.单项选择。( )1Today, _ trees are still being cut down somewhe
20、re in the world. Amuch too Btoo much Cmany too Dtoo many( )2There are lots of English books here, and _ of them is easy to understand. Aboth Ball Cevery Deach( )3Is the shirt on the bed _ ? Ayours Byour Cyou( )4Mr. Green taught _ English last year. Aour Bwe Cus( )5These sweaters are too small for me
21、. Please show me _ one. Aother Bothers Cthe others Danother( )6Mary cant go with us. _ has to look after _ mother at home. AShe; his BShe; her CHe; her DHe; His( )7There isnt _ paper in the box. Will you go and get _ for me? Aany; someBany; any Csome; some Dsome; any( )8I often help _ . Ahe or she B
22、his and her Chim and her Dhis and hers( )9There are some trees on _ side of the street. Aboth Ball Ceither Devery( )10-“Which of the two dictionaries do you like better?”-“I like _ , because theyre not useful.” Aboth Beither Call Dneither( )11They were all very tired, but _ of them would stop to tak
23、e a rest. Aany Bsome Cnone Dneither( )12There were _ people and noise in the park last Sunday. Amany; much Bmuch; much Cmuch; many Dmany; many( )13_ of them has a dictionary and _ one of them can look up words in the dictionary. AEach; every BEvery; each CEach; each DEvery; every( )14Please keep tog
24、ether. We want _ of you to get lost. Anone Bsome Cmany Dany( )15There is _ water here; but there are quite _ empty glasses. Alittle; a few Bfew; little Cfew; a fe Dlittle; a little二选词填空anything，everything,nothingeveryonenooneDearBill,Howwasyourvacation?Didyoudo_interesting?Did_inthefamilygowithyou?I
25、wenttoafriendsfarminthecountrysidewithmyfamily._wasgreat.Wefedsomehensandsawsomebabypigs.Theyweresocute!Theonlyproblemwasthattherewas_muchtodointheeveningbutread.Still_seemedtobebored.Byefornow.三单项选择。1. I have two skirts . One is red , is blue . A. the other B. others C. other D. another 2. There wr
26、ong with my car . A. are something B. are anything C. is anything D. is something 3. Im free today . I havent to do . A. something B. everything C. nothing D. anything 4. Her parents are doctors . A. each B. all C. both D. no one 5. Of the three foreign friends , one is from London, two are from New
27、 York .A. other B. the other C. others D. the others 6. I want to have a word with Tom . I have to tell him . A. important something B. nothing important C. anything important D. something important 7. There wrong with the machine . A. arent something B. arent anything C. isnt something D. isnt anyt
28、hing 8. My parents and I are interested in music . A. both B. all C. neither D. no 9. Look at those students . Some are cleaning the window , are sweeping the floor . A. the other B. other C. others D. the others 10. You may keep the book for two weeks , but you mustnt lend it to . A. other B. other
29、s C. the others D. the others 11. I study Chinese , English and some subjects . A. other B. the other C. others D. the others 12. Do they often talk to each in English ? A. others B. the other C. Other D. the others 13. Would you like milk ? A. some B. any C. little D. a few 14. Mary sings better th
30、an of he girls in her classroom . She sings best . A. some B. any C. most D. one 15. All the students had gone out . There was in the classroom . A. somebody B. anybody C. nobody D. everybody 16. Now , is here . Lets begin our meeting . A. Anybody B. Everybody C. Nobody D. Anybody 17. has taken my p
31、encil by mistake . I cant find it . A. Somebody B. Everybody C. Nobody D. everybody 18. Did they find in the garden ? No , they found there . A. anybody , nobody B. somebody , everybody C. anybody ,somebody D. everybody , anybody 19. She made mistakes in her exercises . A. any B. another C. no D. on
32、e20. There are fifty pupils in their class . of them are League members . A. Both B. Either C. All D. No one 21.The students have on Sunday .A. no any class B. not class C. no classes D. no any class 22. There isnt on playground . A. anyone B. everyone C. nobody D. any people 23. If you need a rubbe
33、r , Ill lend you . A. some B. one C. another D. the one 24. We have books to read . A. many B. much C. a lot D. any 25. We study Chinese , English and some subjects . A. other B. others C. the other D. the others 26. is here today except Li Ping . A. Anybody B. Everybody C. Somebody D. Nobody 27. Is
34、 there in the library ? Yes, is in . A. somebody , anybody B. anybody , nobody C. anybody , somebody D. anybody , everybody 28. I was too tired to do work . A. some B. any C. each D. either 29. I dont like this one . Would you please show me one . A. other B. the other C. another D. others 30. Mike
35、is stronger than in his class . A. any boys B. any boy C. any other boy D. other boy 31. The farmers are very glad to have apple harvest . A. other B. the other C. another D. others 32. of the books is yours . They are mine . A. Both B. Either C. All D. Neither 33. He is lazy .He never does work . A
36、. Many B. no C. some D. any34. I invited Tom and Ann to dinner , but of them came . A. neither B. both C. either D. none 35. He is busy . He has got work to do . A. some B. any C. no D. a few 36. Would you like some wine ? Yes . Just . A. little B. very little C. a little D. little bit 37. Is here?
37、No, Bob and Tim have asked for leave. A. Anybody B. somebody C. everybody D. nobody 38. The days in summer are longer than in winter . A. that B. one C. those D. these 39. If you want a ticket for a round-trip, sir, youll have to pay_$80. A. another B. other C. others D. the other 课堂演练一、 单选。1. The t
38、wo fishermen saw_ in the sky while they were fishing by a river.A. something strange B. anything strange C. strange something D. strange anything2. - Is _ here? -No. Bob and Tim have asked for leave.A. anybody B. somebody C. everybody D. nobody3.-Do you want tea or coffee? -_.I really dont mindA. Bo
39、th B. None C. Either D. Neither4. The old man has two sons .One is a soldier, _ is a worker. A. other B. the other C. others D. another5. There are shops on _ side of the street._ of them do not close till 12 at night.A. both; All B. every; None C. either; Some D. other; Many6. There is not _ meat i
40、n my bowl. There is _ chicken in it.A. some; any B. any; some C. any; any D. some; some7. Could you do_for me, please?A. everything B. nothing C. something D. anything8. Sorry, I cant answer your question. I know_ about the subject.A. a little B. little C. few D. a few9. -Which would you like, a cup of tea or a glass of milk?-_, thanks. I think Ill just have a gl