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1、精品资料积极向上,探索自己本身价值,学业有成学习好资料欢迎下载碳水化合物( carbohydrate)单糖( monosaccharide )寡糖( oligosaccharide)多糖( polysaccharide)醛糖(aldose )酮糖( ketose )蔗糖(sucrose )乳糖(lactose)麦芽糖(maltose )纤维二糖(cellobiose)多糖(polysaccharides)淀粉(starch)半纤维素直链淀粉( amylose)支链淀粉( amylopectin)纤维素( cellulose( hemicellulose)糖原(glycogen )几丁质(chi
2、tin)糖胺聚糖( glycosaminolgycan)脂类( lipids)脂肪酸( fatty acid)甘油三酯( glycerol triester)亲水脂类)甘油磷脂( amphipathic lipids( glycerophospholipid)蜡( wax)磷酸甘油脂( phosphoglyceride)磷脂酰胆碱( phosphatidylcholine)磷脂酰乙醇胺( phosphatidylethanolamine)磷脂酰丝氨酸( phoshatidylserine)磷脂酰肌醇( phosphatidylinositol,二脂酰甘油( diacylglycerolPI )
3、肌醇三磷酸 ( inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate,IP 3 ), DAG)磷脂酸( phosphatidic acid, PA)磷脂酶A2( phospholipaseA2,PLA2)磷脂酶 C( phospholipaseC,PLC)磷脂酶 D(phospholipaseD,PLD)溶血磷脂 (1ysophospholipid)鞘磷脂(sphingomyelin)神经酰胺( ceramide )类固醇(steroids)萜类(terpenes )胆固醇(cholesterol)麦角固醇(ergosterol)蛋白质protein简单蛋白质 simple protein
4、氨基酸 amino acid结合蛋白质conjugated proteindielectric constant多肽 polypeptide肽 peptide肽键 peptide bond介电常数范德华力van der waals force层析法chromatography吸附层析法confficient zwitterionadsorption chromatography活性肽active peptide一级结构 primary structure分配系数partition or distribution二硫键disulfide bond兼性离子疏水效应 hydrophobic effe
5、ctSDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳SDS-PAGE毛细管电泳( capillaryeletrophoresis,homologous protein糖脂( glycolipidCE)离子交换层析 ion exchange chromatography同源蛋白构象conformation构象角conformatiomal angle)糖基甘油酯( glycosylglyceride)鞘糖脂( glycosphingolipid)脑苷脂( cerebroside)N-乙酰神经氨酸( N-acetylneuraminic acid)神经节苷脂( ganglioside)硫酸脑苷脂( cerebrosid
6、e sulfate)糖蛋白( glycoproteins膜脂( membrane lipids)蛋白聚糖( proteoglycans)生物膜( biomembrane)膜蛋白( membrane proteins )脂质双层分子( lipidbilayers)外周蛋白( peripheralprotein)外源性( extrinsicprotein)内再蛋白( integral protein)内源性蛋白( intrinsic protein)跨膜蛋白(简单扩散( 被动运输(transmembrane proteins)流动镶嵌模型( fluid mosaic model)simple di
7、ffusionpassive transport)协助扩散( facilitated diffusion)主动运输( active transport)介导性运输( mediated transport)非介导性运输( nonmediated transport)载体蛋白( carrier protein离子通道( ionic channel)通道蛋白( channel protein)离子载体( ionophore )内吞作用( endocytosis)胞饮作用”(pinocytosis)外排作用(exocytosis)基团转移( group translocation)脂蛋白( lipop
8、rotein)染色体( chromosome)染色质( chromatin )组蛋白( histone )核小体( nucleosome)病毒( virus )噬菌体( bacteriophage或简称 phage)变性denaturation沉降系数( S)Svedberg(S) 抗体antibody亲与层析法affinitychromatography第 1 页,共 6 页精品资料积极向上,探索自己本身价值,学业有成学习好资料欢迎下载盐溶salting in盐析salting out二级结构secondary structure-helix三级结构tertiary structure- 螺
9、旋超二级结构super-secondaery structure结构域structure domain氢键 hydrogen bend疏水相互作用hydrophoblic interaction肌红蛋白myoglobin寡聚蛋白质 oligomeric protein无规则卷曲randon coil复性 renaturation镰刀状细胞贫血病sickle-cell anermia酶( enzyme)酶地专一性( specificity)单体酶(monomeric enzyme)寡聚酶(oligomericenzyme)多酶复合体系( multienzyme system )酶活性中心( ac
10、tive center of enzyme)催化基团( catalyticsite )酶原(zymogenor proenzyme)诱导契合 (induced-fittheory )抗体酶( abzyme)酸碱催化( acid-base catalysis)共价催化 (covalent catalysis)可逆抑制( reversible inhibition激活剂( activator)抑制剂( inhibitor)竞争性抑制作用( competitive inhibition)非竞争性抑制作用( noncompetitive inhibition调节酶( modulator )别构酶( a
11、llosteric enzyme同配位效应( isosteric effect变构效应( allosteric effect)变构激活( allosteric activation)正协同效应( positive cooperative effect负协同效应( negative cooperative effect效应物( effector) 维生素( vitamin )维生素缺少症( avitaminosis)调节中心(催化亚基( 调节亚基(regulatory centercatalytic subunit regulatory subunit诱导酶( induced enzyme )结
12、构酶( structural enzyme 核酶( ribozyme ) 辅酶( coenzyme) 比活力( specific activity脱氧核酶( deoxyribozyme )酶工程( enzyme engineering)酶纯度( purity of enzyme)酶活力( enzyme activity)- 淀粉酶(- 淀粉酶(-amylase )-amylase )脱支酶( debranching enzyme )淀粉地磷酸化酶( amylophosphorylase)第 2 页,共 6 页精品资料积极向上,探索自己本身价值,学业有成学习好资料欢迎下载糖酵解( glycoly
13、sis)三羧酸循环( tricarboxylic acid cycle,TCA)磷酸戊糖途径( pentose phosphate pathway,PPP)生物氧化( biological oxidation)烟酰胺脱氢酶类( nicotinamide dehydrogenase黄素脱氢酶类( flavin dehydrogenase)铁硫蛋白类( iron-sulfur protein泛醌( ubiquinone ) 细胞色素类( cytochromes )细胞色素氧化酶( cytochromeoxidase )鱼藤酮( rotenone ) 安密妥( amytal )杀粉蝶菌素( pier
14、icidine抗霉素 A( antimycin A)底物水平磷酸化( substrate-level phosphorylation)氧化磷酸化( oxidative phosphorylation)化学渗透假说(化学偶联假说( 构象偶联假说(chemiosmotic coupling hypothesis)chemical coupling hypothesis)conformational coupling hypothesis)甘油 - 磷酸穿梭途径( glycerophosphate shuttle)苹果酸 - 天冬氨酸穿梭途径( malate- aspartate shuttle)异
15、柠檬酸穿梭途径( isocitrate shuttle能荷( energy charge) 肉碱(肉毒碱, carnitine)乙醛酸体(乙醛酸循环体,glyoxysome)乙醛酸循环( glyoxylate cycle)酮体( ketone bodies)饱与脂肪酸地从头合成(de novo synthesis)谷氨酸脱氢酶( glutamate dehydrogenase, GDH)转氨基作用( transamination转氨酶( transaminase )磷酸吡哆醛(谷丙转氨酶(ALT)谷草转氨酶(transaminasepyridoxal phosphate,PLP)glutami
16、c pyruvic transaminase, GPT或 alanine transaminase,glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, AST),GOT或 aspartate- 谷氨酰 - 半胱氨酸合成酶( -glutamyl systeine synthetase,-ECS)谷胱甘肽( glutathione)谷胱甘肽合成酶( glutathione synthetase生物固氮( biological nitrogen fixation固氮酶( nitrogenase)第 3 页,共 6 页精品资料积极向上,探索自己本身价值,学业有成学习好资料欢迎下载自身
17、固氮微生物( diazatrophs)共生固氮微生物( symbiotic microorganism)硝酸还原酶( nitrate reductase亚硝酸还原酶( nitrite reductase, NR),NiR)谷氨酸合酶( glutamate: oxo-glutarate aminotransferase,GOGA)T谷氨酰胺合成酶( glutamine synthetase,GS)腺苷 -5-磷酸硫酸酐( adenosine-5-phosphosulfate,APS)3- 磷酸腺酐 -5-磷酰硫酸( 3-phosphoadenosine-5-phosphosulfate,PAPS
18、)5- 磷酸核糖焦磷酸( phosphoribosyl pyrophosphaet, PRPP)天冬氨酸转氨甲酰酶(aspartate trsnscarbamoy lase腺嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶(adenine phosphoribosyl fransferase,APRT)黄嘌呤 - 鸟嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶(hypoxanthineguanine phosphoribosyltransferase,HGPR)T谷胱甘肽还原酶( glutathione reductase,GR)谷氧还蛋白( glutaredoxin)谷氧还蛋白还原酶( glutaredoxin reductase)胸腺嘧啶核苷酸
19、合酶(thymidylate synthaseDNA复制( DNAreplication)中心法则( central dogma) 冈崎片段( Okazaki fragement)前导链( leading strand滞后链( lagging strand 引物( primer ) 复制叉( replication fork)半保留式复制( semiconservative replication模板( template )反转录( reverse transcription)转换( transition)颠换( transversion)错配修复( mismatch repair)核苷酸切除
20、修复( nucleotide excision repair)碱基切除修复( base excision repair同源重组( homologous recombination 特异性重组( site-specific recombination 转座子( transposon )启动子( promoter )限制性内切酶( restrictionendonuclease)修饰( modification)单链结合蛋白( single stranded binding proteins, SSB)遗传密码( genetic code读码框架( reading frame)第 4 页,共 6
21、页精品资料积极向上,探索自己本身价值,学业有成学习好资料欢迎下载移码突变( frame-shift mutation简并性( degeneracy)同义密码子(起始密码子( 终止密码子(synonymous codon)initiatloncodontermination codon)摆动假说( wobble hypothesis)同功受体 tRNA( isoaccepting tRNA反密码子( anticodon )多核糖体( polyribisome)氨酰 -tRNA 合成酶( aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase)Shine Dalgarno 序列( ShineDalga
22、rno sequence)起始因子(延伸因子( 释放因子(initiation factorelongation factor release factor)转肽( transpeptidation)移位( translocation)分子伴侣( molecular chapeones)共翻译转移( co-translational translocation翻译后转移( post-translational translocation)信号肽( signal sequence)信号识别颗粒( signal recognition particle SPR)代谢(metabolism )代谢调
23、节共价修饰 反馈抑制( metabolic regulation( covalent modification( feedback inhibition)操纵子模型(operon model )衰减作用( attenuation)级联放大作用变(别)构效应(amplification cascade(allosteric effect)诱导与阻遏(induction and repression蛋白激酶 C(protein kinase C( receptor), PKC)第二信使(second messenger )受体G 蛋白 (guanosine triphosphate-binding proteintransduction)信号转导( signal第 5 页,共 6 页精品资料积极向上,探索自己本身价值,学业有成学习好资料欢迎下载钙调素(calmodulin,CaM)磷酯酶( phospholipase C, PLC)第 6 页,共 6 页