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1、 中小学教育资源站（http:/)，百万资源免费下载，无须注册！上海版牛津英语 8A 第二章 学习辅导材料（11.09）学 习 新 词 语一. 新词语的用法:(1) similar adj. 相像的；类似的（有些方面很像但不是完全一样） 例如： My new dress is similar to the one you have. 我的新衣服和你的那件相似。 All big cities are quite similar. 所有的大城市都大同小异。【近义词】alike adj. 相同的；相似的【反义词】different adj. 不同的短语用法：（be） similar to 与相类似的
2、 例如：A dog is similar to a wolf. 狗和狼相似。Gold is similar in colour to brass. 金和黄铜在颜色上很相似。 【同根词】similarity n. 相似；类似 【反义词】difference n.差别；差异(2) successful adj. 达到目的；成功的；有成效的 例如： The Chinese team got a successful attempt to climb Mount Qomolangma. 中国队成功地登上了珠穆朗玛峰。短语用法：be successful in 在上成功 例如： Jason was qu
3、ite successful in film making. 贾森在电影制作方面非常成功。【同根词】 success n. 成功； succeed v. 成功； successfully adv. 顺利地；成功地【反义词】unsuccessful adj. 不成功的；不顺利的(3) luckily adv. 幸运地；幸好 例如：Luckily, the police came right away. 幸好警察很快就来了。【反义词】 unluckily adv. 不幸地【近义词】 fortunately adv. 幸运地【同根词】 luck n. 幸运；运气； lucky adj. 幸运的； u
4、nlucky adj. 不幸的(4) popular adj. 受喜爱的；受欢迎的 例如： Football is a popular sport in the UK. 在英国，大家都很喜欢足球运动。【反义词】unpopular adj. 不受欢迎的【同根词】 popularity n. 通俗性；普及【短语】 be popular with 受的欢迎。例如：This film is popular with the young people. 这部电影受到年轻人的欢迎。(5) responsible adj. 有责任的；负责的；承担义务的 例如： Simon is responsible bo
5、y. 赛蒙是一个有责任感的男孩。 The bus driver is responsible for the passengers safety. 巴士司机要对乘客的乘车安全负责。 【反义词】irresponsible adj. 不负责任的；不可靠的 【短语】 be responsible for 对负责 例如：Are the teachers responsible for the students? 这些老师对学生们负责吗？(6) simple adj. 简单的；易于理解的 例： The little boy can already do simple problems in arithm
6、etic. 那个小男孩已经会做简单的算术题了。 【近义词】easy adj. 容易的 【反义词】difficult adj. 困难的；艰难的 hard adj. 困难的 【词义辨析】simple; easy:simple 所指的“简单”除了表示“不困难的”之外，还可表示“单一的；不复杂不引起麻烦的”，而easy 只表示“不困难的”。例如： He lives a simple life. 他过着简单的生活。 This is an easy book. 这是一本容易读的书。(7) achieve v. （凭长期努力）达到（某个目的） 例如： The university has achieved
7、all its goals this year. 这所大学已经实现了今年所有的奋斗目标。 He hopes to achieve all his aims soon. 他希望尽快实现自己所有的目标。 【同根词】achievement n. 成就；功绩 例如： The inventor was rewarded by the Government for his scientific achievements. 这位发明者由于科学上的成就而受到政府的奖励。 【短语】 achieve ones purpose / achieve ones aim 达到目的achieve ones goal 达到目
8、标achieve success 获得成功(8) fail vt. （及物动词，后可直接接宾语） （考试）不及格；失败 例： He failed his English examination. 他的英语考试不及格。 注意：fail 还有“尽力做某事而未成功”的意思。例如： He never fails to write to his mother every week. 他从来没有忘记每周写信给母亲。 【反义词】pass vt. （考试）及格； succeed v. 获得成功 【同根词】failure n. 失败；不及格 例如： Failure is the mother of succes
9、s. 失败是成功之母。(9) attend v. 出席；参加 例如： More than 200 people attended their wedding. 两百多人参加了他们的婚礼。 【词义辨析】 attend; take part in; join 与enter for 这四个词或短语都有“参加”的意思。 attend 一般指出席某种正式场合，如参加会议；take part in 往往指参加某项活动；join 指加入某一组织或团体；enter for 指报名参加某项比赛活动。比较下列句子： Leaders from different countries all over the wor
10、ld attended the meeting in Shanghai. 来自世界各国的领导人出席了在上海举行的这次会议。 I will take part in the coming sports meet. 我将参加即将召开的运动会。 My brother joined he army last year. 我弟弟去年参军了。Simon will enter for the high jump. 西蒙将会报名参加跳高比赛。 【短语】attend school = go to school 上学； attend a lecture 听课；听讲座(10) continue v. 持续；继续做
11、例如： The fighting has been continued for a week. 战斗持续了一星期。 【词组】to be continued 未完待续 【词组辨析】 continue to do something 与 continue doing something 前者指的是做A 这件事的过程中插入了B 这件事,做完B后再继续将A 完成；后者指的是在某件事已经做了一部分的基础上继续做下去，并未有第二件事情的插入。比较： Tom will continue to do his homework after dinner. 汤姆会在晚饭后继续做家庭作业。（吃晚饭是插入事件） To
12、m will continue doing his homework for another two hours. 汤姆还要做两个小时的作业。（汤姆一直都在做家庭作业） 【同根词】continuous adj. 连续不断的； continuously adv. 连续不断地 语法知识：频 度 副 词 用 法一般现在时常常与always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, rarely hardly, never等频度副词连用，表示动作发生的频率。这些频度副词按发生频率的高低依次为：alwaysusuallyoftensometimesseldomrarelyh
13、ardlynever。 频度副词在句中的位置比较灵活，但通常放在行为动词之前，系动词、情态动词或助动词之后。具体用法如下： 1. always意为“总是，一直”，这是频率最高的词，表示动作反复，状态持续，不间断。其反义词是never，意为“从不”。如果要变为否定句，应将always改为never才能全部否定。另外，当always与进行时态连用时，常表示“总是”，带有厌烦、不满或赞美等感情色彩。例如： Li Ping is always late for school. 李平上学总是迟到。 Li Ping is never late for school. 李平上学从不迟到。（全部否定） Li
14、Ping is not always late for school. 李平上学不是总迟到。（部分否定） The boy is always asking for money. 这个小男孩总是要钱。（表厌烦） 2. usually意为“通常”，表示习惯性动作或状态，很少例外。例如： We usually go to school at seven in the morning. 我们通常在早上七点上学。 My mother and I usually go shopping on Sundays. 我和妈妈通常在星期天去买东西。 3. often意为“经常，时常”，表示反复性的动作或状态，中间
15、有间断。其反义词是seldom, 意为“很少，不常”。often在句尾时常被very或quite修饰。例如： The boys often eat noodles and the girls sometimes eat them. 男生经常吃面条，女生有时吃。 I often chat with my friends under the big tree. 我经常在这棵大树下和朋友聊天。 He writes to his friends quite often. 他常给他的朋友写信。 4. sometimes意为“有时”，表示动作偶尔发生，间隔较长。其位置比较灵活，放在句首、句中、句末都可。例
16、如： Sometimes we go to the cinema and at other times we go for a walk. 有时我们去看电影，有时我们去散步。 I sometimes watch TV in the evening. 我有时晚上看电视。 My father has lunch in the factory sometimes. 我父亲有时在工厂吃午饭。 5. seldom意为“很少，不常”，表示否定意义。例如： The little girl seldom goes out. 这个小女孩很少外出。 He seldom gives his wife a prese
17、nt, does he? 他不常给妻子送礼物，是吗？ 6.rarely 意为“极少，罕见”，表示否定意义，比seldom 还少见，比hardly 要稍多点。一般很少用，了解就可以。7. hardly具有否定意义，表示“几乎不、简直不”，除非特殊情况，否则不会发生。例如： The boy is so young that he could hardly understand it. 这个孩子太小了，不可能懂得这件事。 8. never意为“从来不，从来没有”，也表示否定意义，它表示从未发生的动作或情况，没有例外。例如： The boys never eat chocolate and the g
18、irls seldom eat it. 男生从不吃巧克力，女生很少吃。 Better late than never. 谚语 迟到（迟做）总比不来（不做）好。 另外，once a year (每年一次), twice a week (每周两次), three times a day (一天三次), everySaturday afternoon（每星期六下午）等，这些时间状语也表示频率，它们可以和频度副在同一个句子中，表达上没有重复。例如：We usually go to the cinema four times a month. 我们通常一个月看四次电影。 对这些频度副词或短语进行提问，都
19、用疑问词how often，表示“每（隔）多长时间做一次的意思。例如： (1)He often goes out for a walk after supper. How often does he go out for a walk after supper? (2)I watch TV every Sunday evening. How often do you watch TV? (3)Andy feeds the little cat three times a day. How often does Andy feed the little cat? 【即时操练】 请按括号内的要求改
20、写下列各句，每空一词： 1. My father always watches TV in the evening. （改为否定句） My father _ _ _ in the evening. 2. Mr Zhang often comes late to the meeting. （改为同义句） Mr Zhang is _ _ _ the meeting. 3. The twins never go to the Internet bar. （对划线部分提问） _ _ _ the twins go to the Internet bar? 4. We have art lessons t
21、wice a week. （对划线部分提问） _ _ do you have art lessons? 5. How often do you play basketball? （根据汉语提示回答问题） _ _ _（隔周一次）. Keys:1.never watches TV 2.often late for 3.How often do 4.How often 5.Every other week 第一章语法部分相关练习题 A）疑问词：一.对划线部分提问： 1. The twins were making a kite when their mother came in.2. Im goin
22、g to take the shirt on the right3. The pupils are having a picnic at the foot of the hill.4. Xiao Cheng didnt go to the farm with us because he was ill.5. I paid fifty yuan for the sweater.6. I have worked in that factory for two years.7. I go to Beijing once a year.8. Jane and her brother will fini
23、sh the work in two hours. 9. Its about two kilometers from here to the country.二.选择填空：1. - _ _ _ did he call you the day before yesterday? -Twice. A. What time B. How many times C. How much D. How long 2. -Sandy, _ are you going for vacation? A. where B. when C. what D. how 3. -_ is “Lucky 52” shown
24、 on CCTV-2? -Every week. A. How far B. How long C. How often D. How many B）不定冠词a, an：选择填空：1. The new D-type trains can run at speeds of 250 to 300 kilometers _ hour. A. a B. an C. the D. /2. -Do you know Taiwan, Jenny? -Yes, of course. Taiwan is _ island. It belongs to China.A. a B. an C. the D. /第二
25、章语法部分相关练习题A）一般现在时：选择填空：1. I want to know if there _ an English speech contest next month. If our school _ it, I must get ready for it. A. will be, holds B. will be, will hold C. will have, hold D. will have, will hold2. I dont know if it _ tomorrow, If it _, I will not go fishing. A. rain, will rain
26、 B. will rain, rains C. will rain D. rains, rains3. As China grows stronger and stronger, Chinese _ in more and more schools out of our country. A. teaches B. is taught C. has taught D. was taught4. The Olympic Games _ every four years. A. are held B. were held C. are holding D. will hold 5. Trees a
27、nd flowers _ every year to make our country more beautiful. A. is planted B. was planted C. are planted D. were plantedB）频度副词：选择填空：1. She always finishes her homework on time. She _ leaves it for tomorrow. A. always B. never C. usually D. sometimes 2. You will realize the importance of mastering a f
28、oreign language _ in the future. A. some time B. some times C. sometimes d. sometime 神童温迪的日常生活（课文翻译）15岁的温迪王一定是本市的优秀生之一，她已经编写了好几个很成功的电脑游戏。现在，她的家人都在她的公司里工作，可她还在上学！上午6点我6点起床，洗漱，穿好校服。我和家人一起吃早饭。我们有一个家族企业。 我编写电脑游戏。幸运的是，这些电脑游戏都很受欢迎。我们每年要卖出五十多万个电脑游戏。我爸爸是公司的经理，我妈妈负责销售。我哥哥是公司的会计。每天早晨吃早餐期间，我们都要谈论生意。上午7点30分我总是坐
29、家里的车去上学。我们有一个司机。他每天开车送我去学校。在路上，我有时会打电话给我们的客户。上午8点我开始上课。我很高兴见到我的同学们，但是学校有些功课挺无聊的，因为对我而言太简单了。所有的学科我通常都能获得优等。我从来没有考试不及格。中午12点30分一周约有两次，我家的司机会把我从学校接走。我要和客户共进午餐，然后再回到学校。下午4点15分放学后，我经常参加俱乐部活动。星期五，我们要召开电脑俱乐部的会议。其他同学常常请我帮助他们。周一和周四我去打篮球。我每周上一次小提琴课。我在晚餐前完成作业。 晚上7点我总是和家人共进晚餐。我们讨论生意上的事情。之后，我去自己的办公室继续编写电脑游戏。我很少在
30、晚上十一点半前睡觉。我通常不需要很多睡眠时间。综合能力测评一.选择恰当的答案：1. Maria is _university student and wears _ uniform. A. an, a B. a, an C. a, a D. an, an2. The mechanic_ the garage very late. He had to _ the tools borrowed from his friends last Tuesday. A. returned, return to B. returned, return C. returned to, return to D.
31、returned to, return3. Is Wendys mother responsible for _? A. sale B. sells C. sales D. sold 4. _ important information it is! A. What a B. what an C. What D. How an5. The price of the sports shoes _ high . A. is B. are C. was D. were6. How often does Mary play table tennis? _. A. Two days B. In the
32、morning C. Five times a week D. Half an hour7. This T-shirt is much too large for me. Could you show me _ one? A. other B. another C. others D. the other8. McDonalds is very popular in Shanghai. The underlined part in the sentence means “_”. A. selling things B. a company C. like by many people D. w
33、orth a lot of money9. We _ go swimming in the winter because the water is cold. A. always B. sometimes C. seldom D. often10.Nanpu Bridge is one of _ in Shanghai. A. the long bridge B. the longest bridge C. the longest bridges D. longest bridges11.Sony, Panasonic and Toshiba are three big _ in the wo
34、rld. Their _ started growing in 1960s. A. business, business B. businesses, businesses C. business, businesses D. businesses, business12.-_ do you like the Grand Theatre? -It is wonderful. A. What B. When C. Where D. How 13. The four policemen stood around the man, _ was _ handcuffs A. who; with B.
35、that; in C. who; in D. that; with14.The policeman asked the old lady _. A. whats going on B. what was happening C. what had happened D. what was gone on15.We call the words at the top of each page of most dictionaries “_ words”. A. train B. guide C. last D. first16.The bus driver got _ the bus and t
36、hen got _ his own car. A. on; off B. off; on C. off; into out of; into17.There are too many difficulties for such a boy to deal _. A. with B. in C. / D. to18.The little boys mother stared _ him suspiciously（猜疑地）. A. in B. to C. at D. on19. Would you like _ the basketball match tonight? A. to see B.
37、seeing C. to watch D. watching20.The Huangpu River flows _ Shanghai. A. in B. across C. through D. from21. I dont quite like _. Its too hard. A. the fifth lesson B. the lesson five C. five lessons D. the fifth lessons22.- He had nothing for breakfast, _ he? - _. He had some milk. A. had; Yes B. had;
38、 No C. did; No D. did; Yes 23. - I tried to make the door _,but I found it hard. - Well, I saw you _ that when I went past. A. to open; do B. to open; doing C. opening; do D. open; doing24.The young man went _ the wood, swam _ the river and came to a small village. A. in; across B. through; across C
39、. through; over D. into; through25.He _ he was going to Beijing soon, but he didnt _ when he was leaving. A. speak; talk B. told; say C. told; speak D. talked; say26.Nobody noticed the bird _ the room. A. entered B. to enter C. entering D. entering into 27.Of all the books, it is the only one _ ever
40、 been written on this subject. A. which have B. that have C. who has D. that has28.Could you tell me _ with her？ A. whats the matter B. what was the matter C. what the matter was D. what the matter is 29.I was so tired that I couldnt keep my eyes _. A. opening B. open C. opened D. to open30.Computer
41、s can work out the problems _ than human beings. A. far quicker B. more quicker C. far more quickly D. more far quickly31.Sally, together with her students _ visiting the zoo this time yesterday. A. is B. was C. are D. were32. I was afraid _ in an airplane when I was a little girl. A. of fly B. to f
42、ly C. flying D. of to fly二. 用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成句子：1. Its such an _(interest) film that all of us are _ (interest) in it.2. Teachers Day comes at the _(begin) of the new term.3. I was _(bad) ill yesterday.4. In Book , the _(twenty) lesson is the most difficult.5. Of all the students he is _ (good) at Eng
43、lish. 6. Edison was a great _. During his life he had many _. （invent）7. There are lots of _ (colour) clothes in the market.8. I think traveling by train is _(enjoy) than traveling by car.9. The house caught a fire. The wounded man was carried to _. (safe)10. You must drive as _(safe) as possible. 三.选出合适的词填空：1. My mother is a _ ( female client, saleswoman). She sells things to the customers every day.2. I like music best. So I have _