《0考 新目标英语九年级导航doc--初中英语 .doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《0考 新目标英语九年级导航doc--初中英语 .doc（73页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、 永久免费在线组卷 课件教案下载 无需注册和点数第三部分 新目标英语九年级第11讲Units 1-3词汇过关1. by prep . 通过;靠;用e.g. I learn English by studying grammar. 我通过研究语法学习英语。He made a living by begging. 他靠乞讨谋生。 被;由e.g. The rat was killed by Tom with a stick. 那只田鼠被汤姆用棍子打死了。English is used by people around the world. 世界各地的人们都使用英语。到时(为止);不迟于。e.g. C
2、an you finish the work by tomorrow morning? 明天早上之前你能完成工作吗？ By the time he was ten, he had learnt about 1,000 English words.到十岁时,他已学了约一千个英语单词。 在近旁;在旁边e.g. We had a day by the sea. 我们在海边过了一天。My house is by the river. 我家在河边。拓展 by 可作副词，做“在附近”、“从旁经过”解e.g. He hid the money when nobody was by. 旁边没人的时候，他把钱藏
3、起来了。He hurried by without a word. 他一句话也没说，匆匆过去了。联想go by bus / plane / train 乘汽车(飞机、火车)去travel by land / sea / air/day/night 陆上(海上、空中、白天、黑夜)旅行day by day 一天又一天little by little 逐渐地，一点一点地one by one 一个接一个side by side 肩并肩step by step 一步一步，循序渐进(all) by oneself 亲自，独自，无须他人帮助by the way 且说，对了，顺便提一下pass by 经过by
4、 accident/ mistake 意外地，错误地by chance 由于机遇，意外地（learn）by heart / by hard work 用心/勤奋学习stand by sb. 支持某人2. either adv. 也，用于否定句句末。 adj. 两者之一e.g. I dont like the red one, and I dont like the pink one, either. 我不喜欢那个红色的，也不喜欢那个粉色的。Either (one) of shoes fits me well. 两双鞋每一双都很合适我。拓展 either 可作连词，用以介绍两个或多个可选择的事物
5、中之第一项,常和or连用。e.g. He must be either mad or drunk. 他要么疯了，要么醉了。Please either come in or go; dont stand in the doorway. 要么进来，要么出去；别站在门口。辨析 too, also 和as well (as) too用于肯定句和疑问句，一般放在句尾，其前常加逗号。e.g. We are in the same school, too. 我们也在相同的学校。Do you play soccer every day, too? 你也每天踢足球吗？ also用于肯定句和疑问句，一般位于实义动
6、词前、be动词后。如：e.g. Sandra is also a Korean student. Sandra 也是一个韩国学生。She can also speak French. 她也会说法语。as well （as）除之外，同，和，也e.g. He gave me money as well as advice.他除了给我忠告外，还给我钱。He gave me advice, money as well. 他给我忠告，还给我钱。3unless conj if not, except when 除非，如果不，除非在的时候e.g. You will fail unless you work
7、harder. 如果不努力，你会失败的。 Unless bad weather stops me, I go for a walk every day. 我每天都去散步，除非天气不好。辨析 unless与until. 均为从属连词, unless表除非,强调条件,引导条件状语从句;until表直到,强调时间的延续,引导时间状语从句。常用一般现在时表示将来。e.g. I didnt know the news until my teacher told it to me. 老师说了以后，我才知道了这个消息。I couldnt know the news unless my teacher tol
8、d it to me. 如果不是老师告诉我，我不可能知道这个消息。 4. afford: v. 买得起，承担得起。通常与can, could, be able to连用，构成can afford sth /to afford to do sthe.g. Can we afford a new car? 我们能买得起一辆新车吗？We cant afford time（money)to go abroad this summer.今年夏天我们没时间（钱）出国。辨析 afford, offer, provide和serve offer作动词的用法: 提出，提供，开价 to offer sb sth
9、/ offer sth to sb / offer (sb) sth fore.g. They offered him a very good job but he turned it down.他们给他提供了一份工作，可是他拒绝了。Offer some tea to the guests.给客人们上些茶吧。They have offered us 75,000 pounds for （to buy） the house./ They have offered the house for 75,000 pounds.他们给我们开价75，000英镑买这个房子。offer to do sth, 主
10、动提出做某事，愿意（做某事）, e.g. He offered to drive us to the airport, but we preferred to walk there. 他主动提出送我们去机场,但我们宁愿走路去。 The boy offered to pay for the desk he had broken. 那男孩主动提出赔偿被他弄坏的桌子。 They offered him 3,000 yuan to buy the laptop. 他们愿出3,000元来买他的笔记本电脑。 offer 可作名词：to make an offer (to do) provide: v. 提
11、供，供应，供给。 to provide sth for sb/provide( sb )with sth e.g. If you want to go camping, we can provide you with a tent.如果你们去野营，我们可以提供给你们一顶帐篷。 serve: 侍候(顾客等);供应(饭菜);端上to serve sb (with) sth e.g. She served me with a cup of coffee. / She served a cup of coffer to me.她给我端上一杯咖啡。Breakfast is served between
12、7 and 9. 早上7点至9点供应早餐。为工作，供职，服役e.g. He returned to Greece to serve in the army. 他回希腊服役。 5. death n. 死亡，死神，不可数e.g. The death of her mother was sudden. 她母亲的死很突然。拓展 put to death 处死 worried to death. 担心死了辨析 death, die , dead, deadly和dying die (died, died) v. 死，死亡，瞬间动词 dead adj. 死亡的 deadly adj. 致命的 dying
13、adj. 奄奄一息的，快死的 e.g. His father died last week. 他父亲上星期去世了。His father has been dead for a week. 他父亲已经去世一星期了。She cried out after knowing his husbands death. 知道丈夫死亡的消息后，她失声痛哭。He found a dead bird in the garden. 他在花园里发现一只死鸟。Fog is one of the sailors deadliest enemies. 雾是水手的死敌之一。The dying man was saved by
14、 a kind-hearted lady. 那个快死的人被一位善良的女士救了。6. reply v. 回答,回答说 reply to(sb. /sth. ) 对作出回答 e.g. “Certainly not,” she said. 她叹了口气，没有回答。 He replied that I could please myself. 他回答说我可以随自己的意思。He failed to reply to my question. 他没能回答我的问题。 拓展 reply可做名词，意为“答道”，“回信”，“答复”e.g. What did he do in reply to your challe
15、nge? 你提出与他较量，他作何反应? 辨析 reply和answer. 两个词都表示“回答”，都即做名词又做动词。 但是answer比较常用，如：answer the question/ the door/ telephone/ letter, 而reply较正式，经过思考，一一答复问题。除了后面可跟直接引语或宾语从句以外，一般只用作不及物动词，和to连用。7.study vt. 学习;研究;细看,细察;仔细考虑e.g. For a year he studied Chinese with me. 他跟我学了一年中文。 I studied him closely. 我仔细地看了看他。They
16、 studied the question carefully before they made the decision.他们认真研究了这一问题,然后才做出决定。拓展 study可做名词，意为 “学习;学科;研究;调查”,还可作“书房”讲，复数形式为studies。e.g. He gives all his spare time to study. 他把所有的业余时间用来学习。We are doing a study into how much people spend watching television. 我们正在进行一项研究，调查人们看电视花费的时间。He has made grea
17、t progress in his English studies.他在学习英文方面进步很多。Mr. Smith is reading in his study. 史密斯先生在书房内看书。联想 make a study of sth. 对某方面进行研究 scientific studies 科学方面的学科（研究）辨析learn和 study learn为“学习，学会”，只作动词用，侧重学习的成果，指从不知到知，从不会到会的学习，强调通过学习去获得知识和技能，它没有凭勤奋努力而获得知识的意味。亦可指向某人学习，从某处学习及学习一门技能等。 e.g. learn music, learn new
18、words, learn to draw, learn from experience, learn from Lei Feng study为“学习，研究”，强调学习的过程，指深入系统地学习，带有努力，勤奋的意味。其学习对象往往是科学，艺术和需要深入探讨，研究的问题及学科，不是单纯地获得技巧。e.g. study medicine, study science, study a map, study engineering, study painting。下列句子中的learn 和 study均不能互换： If you study hard, youll learn the language
19、well. 如果你努力学习，就会把这门语言学好。 She studied late at night. 她晚上学习到很晚。 在指某学科的“学习”时，或在不需要强调两者的区别时, learn 和study可以换用。e.g. How long have you learned/ studied Japanese? 你学习日语有多久了？ 8experience n.经验,体验(不可数) (+of/in); 经历,阅历（可数）e.g. She had no experience of life at all. 她毫无生活经验。Have you had any experience of teachin
20、g English? 你有过教英语的经验吗?Please tell us about your experiences in Africa.请跟我们谈谈你在非洲的经历。I had a rather strange experience the other day. 前些天我有过一次相当奇怪的经历。拓展 experience 可作动词，意为“经历;体验”或“感受;遭受”e.g. The city experienced over 2,000 such incidents last year. 去年这座城市发生过二千次以上这类事件。He experienced a pain of sadness.
21、他感到一阵悲痛。联想 experienced 有经验的，经验丰富的 inexperienced 没有经验的9. lonely adj. 除表示“单独”外，还带有感情色彩，形容失去朋友、缺乏友爱和帮助，感到寂寞，甚至悲哀。它只能作形容词，在句中可作表语，也可作前置定词。lonely用于地点时，意为“荒凉的、偏僻的”。e.g. There is nothing here but a lonely mountain village. 这里什么也没有，就一个荒凉的山村。 Though the old man is alone，he doesnt feel lonely.这位老人虽然单身，但并不感到寂寞
22、。辨析 alone和lonely . alone强调客观上的“独自、独立、单独一人，没有同伴”，在句中多用作表语或宾语补足语，不能作定语。alone还可表示“单独地、独自地”，在句中作状语。e.g. Leave him alone! 别管他！She likes shopping alone on rainy days. 她喜欢雨天独自购物。10. importance n. 重要,重大;重要性e.g. My parents have always taught me the importance of working hard.父母一直传授我学习的重要性。The book is of grea
23、t importance. 这本书很重要。联想 with an air of importance 趾高气扬地 important/unimportant adj.短语突破1end up doing sth 终止做某事，结果是(做)., 以(做).而告终。 e.g. We ended up sleeping around the floor after drinking too much last night.我们昨晚喝了太多酒，最后都在地板上东倒西歪地睡了。After seeing so many houses, we ended up buying the one on the lakes
24、ide. 看了那么多的房子之后, 我们最后还是买了湖边的那栋房子联想end up with 以结束; finish doing 结束做某事；stop doing 停止做某事e.g. We started with soup, and fruit to end up with. 我们开始时喝汤，最后吃水果。The party ended up with her singing. 晚会以她的歌唱而告终。We had to stop singing because somebody knocked at the door. 因为有人敲门，我们不得不停下来。2be afraid to do sth 不
25、敢，胆怯去做某事，是主观上的原因不去做，意为怕；e.g. Dont be afraid to ask questions. 别怕问问题。The little girl is afraid to be at home alone. 那个小女孩害怕独自在家。辨析 be afraid/terrified of , be afraid to和be afraidbe afraid of 表示“害怕某人（物）”或生怕，恐怕,是客观上造成的.e.g. She is afraid of the dog. 她害怕狗。She was afraid to wake her husband.（怕丈夫发怒）她不敢去叫醒
26、她丈夫。She was afraid of waking her husband. （出于体贴等原因）她生怕吵醒她丈夫。She is afraid of being late. 她怕迟到。注：以上两种结构，有时可以互换，意思没有太大差别. e.g. Hes afraid to climbof climbing that tall tree他害怕爬那棵高树。 be afraid 表示“恐怕”，有时也使语气更委婉或表示歉意的回绝，后面常接从句“Im afraid+从句”形式（that可省略）e.g. Im afraid I cant come. 恐怕我不能来了。Im afraid (that) y
27、ou are wrong. 恐怕你错了。拓展Im afraid not. 和Im afraid so.常用作简短答语，此处so代表一个肯定句，not代表一个否定句。e.g. -Are we late？ 我们迟到了吗？ -Im afraid so恐怕是。 -Can you help me？你能帮助我吗？ -Im afraid not恐怕不行。联想 fear v.& n. frighten v. terrify v.3get excited 变得兴奋起来。get此处是系动词 e.g. I get excited about going to Beijing. 我对去北京感到兴奋。拓展 be/ be
28、come/ feel excited 联想 get + adj e.g. get mad 生气 get clear变得清楚了 get cold变凉 get ready 准备好了 get + 过去分词e.g. get married结婚 get burnt 烫（烧/晒）伤 get hurt 受伤get frustrated 变得沮丧 get interested 变得感兴趣 get caught in 陷入困境4ask sb. about sth. 询问或打听某人某事e.g. Id like to ask Mr Green about my sons study. 我想问一下格林先生我儿子学习的
29、情况。拓展 ask sb. (not) to do sth. 叫/要求某人做某事ask sb. for sth. 向某人要/寻求某物5. (not)any more/anymore （不）再，再也（不），用于否定句.e.g. They dont live here any more. 他们不住这儿了。辨析 (not)any more / any longer和no longer (not)any more 和notany longer一般用在句末; no longer 一般用在句子中间.e.g. Ann doesnt work here any more / any longer. She l
30、eft last month.安不在这儿工作了，她上个月离开了。We used to be good friends but we arent any more /any longer.我们过去是很好的朋友，但现在不是了。We are no longer friends. 我们不再是朋友了。(不能说：We are no more friends.)联想 stille.g.Sheila still works here but Ann doesnt work here any more. Sheila仍然在这儿工作，但是Ann不再在这儿工作了。6getsthdone 使某物/事被做。此处get为
31、使役动词， sth与done存在逻辑上的动宾关系。e.g. Shegethercoatwashed. 她把外套洗了。Hegethishiarcut.他理发了。拓展 getsbdo 使某人做某事，后面接不带to的不定式。sb在这里是做宾语，do后面的成分做宾语补足语，进一步说明“使役”的具体动作。e.g. The teachergotthestudentsdo somehomework. 老师让学生写了些作业。联想使役动词get/have/make后面可接动词过去分词、现在分词或不带to的不定式做宾语补足语; 现在分词（doing）作宾补，与sth. /sb. 形成逻辑上的主谓关系，这种动作往往
32、具有持续、进行的含义。get/have/make sb do sth 使/让某人做某事get/have/make sth done 使/让某事被做have sb. / sth. doing 使/让某人或某物作某事e.g. The two men had their lights burning all night long. 那两个人让灯通宵亮着。7. allow/permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事e.g. Allow me to introduce Miss Mary. 请允许我介绍一下玛丽小姐。 My father wont allow me to drive. 我
33、爸爸不让我开车。辨析 allow和let都表示“让，允许”，但它们的具体用法各有区别。allow多用于正式的英语中，其意“允许”只是“不加阻止”而已。let后可跟副词作宾词补足语，也可跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。e.g.Let me in. 让我进去。They let the stranger go/ The stranger was let go.他们放陌生人走了。注意: let 一般不用于被动式，其被动式一般要改用allow或permit来代替。e.g. The nurse let me go to see my classmate in the hospital. -I was al
34、lowed / permitted to see my classmate in the hospital.那护士让我去探望住院同学。Passengers are not allowed to smoke. 乘客不得吸烟。联想 sb. dont allow doing是可以的，表示“不允许做某事”，不强调宾语。试比较： We dont allow smoking here. 我们不允许在这儿吸烟。We dont allow students to smoke. 我们不允许学生吸烟。8.used to be/ do 过去常常（与现在形成对照）。e.g. I used to work hard我过
35、去常常努力工作。(现在不努力了)People used to believe the earth was flat过去人们认为地球是平的。There used to be a cinema here, didnt there? 那儿过去是一家电影院，是吗？Mother used not to be so forgetful. 妈妈过去不是这么健忘。辨析 be/ get/ become used to sth/ doing sth. 习惯于/变得习惯于，used是个分词型形容词to是介词，因此后面只能跟名词、代词或动名词。be强调状态，get/become强调由“不惯”到“习惯于”这一动态的过程
36、。e.g. He was used to the cold weather after he lived there for two years在那里住两年后，他已习惯了寒冷的天气。 The little boy has been used to the local foods now. 这个小男孩已经习惯了当地的食物。 They got used to living in the countryside他们已习惯于住在农村。 联想有时be used to do是动词use的被动语态，在这种结构里，to是不定式符号。 也可以使用介词for，即be used for doinge.g. Wood
37、 is often used to make/ for making desks and chairs. 木头常常被用来制作桌椅。句型精析1. Its/was + 形容词 + for/ of sb. (not) to do sth. 做某事对.来说. 精析此句型中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语。形容词为brave, careless, clever, polite, wrong, kind, good, nice, foolish, rude , selfish等描述不定式行为者的性格、品行时，介词用of；形容词只对不定式行为作某种描述，如difficult, hard,
38、easy, important, dangerous, possible, impossible, necessary 等时，介词用for.e.g. It wasnt easy for me to understand the teacher. 听懂老师的话并不容易。It is impossible for him to carry such a big box.= Its impossible that he carries a big box. 搬这么大的一个箱子对他来说是不可能的。 Its very kind of you to say so. = Youre kind to say s
39、o. 谢谢你这样说。拓展 sb. think /find/ feel it (is)+adj. +for/ of sb. +to do sth. 认为/发现/感觉做某事对于某人来说e.g. I think its necessary for us to learn to wait. 我认为学会等待对我们来说是有必要的。 I found it (was) frustrating to watch English movies. 我发现看英语电影很令人沮丧。He finds it exciting to go bungee jumping. 他发现蹦极是很激动人心。2. Worrying abou
40、t our problems can affect how we do at school. 焦虑会影响我们在校表现。精析动名词由动词 + ing构成，否定形式为not doing，具有动词和名词的性质，在句中起名词作用，可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。1) 作主语。e.g. Climbing mountains is really fun. 爬山是真有趣。Being careless is not a good habit. 粗心不是一个好习惯。注意：动名词和不定式都可以作主语，动名词作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性行为，不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。在It is no use/good
41、, not any use/good, useless等后常用动名词。e.g. Playing with fire is dangerous. （泛指玩火）To play with fire will be dangerous. （指一具体动作）It is no use/ good/ a waste of time arguing with him. 跟他争论没用/没好处/是浪费时间。It is fun/ hard playing with children. 和孩子们一起玩真好/很难。2) 作表语。e.g. Your task is cleaning the windows. 你的任务就是擦
42、窗户。3) 作介词、某些形容词、或动词的宾语常见后面出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语的动词和短语有：advise, allow, consider, enjoy, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, put off, practice, suggest，give up, cant stand， cannot help； depend on, think about, set about, succeed in, worry about, , be/ get used to, look forward to, pay attention to, get do
43、wn to， be interested in, thank you for, feel like等。e.g. He finds watching movies frustrating. 他觉得看电影很沮丧。Hes practicing playing the piano. 他正在练习弹钢琴。We are busy preparing for the sports meeting. 我们正忙着为运动会做准备。I look forward to hearing from you soon. 我期待很快收到你的来信。Excuse me for coming late. 抱歉我来迟了。They ma
44、ke a living by selling souvenirs to the tourists.他们靠向游客出售纪念品谋生。What about reading aloud to practice pronunciation? 朗读以练习发音如何？注意： forget，go on，mean，regret，remember，stop，try等动词或词组可带动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别。e.g. I mean to come early today. 我打算今天早些来。Missing the train means waiting for another hour. 误了这趟火车意味着再
45、等一个小时。 在allow，advise，permit等动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。e.g. We dont allow smoking here. 我们这儿不允许抽烟。We dont allow students to smoke. 我们不允许抽烟。 动词need，require，want作“需要”解，其后动名词的主动式表示被动意义。be worth后必须用动名词的主动形式来表示被动意义。如：e.g. The window needs/ requires/ wants cleaning/ to be cleaned. 窗户需要清洗。
46、 Her plan is worth trying. 她的计划值的一试。在love，hate，prefer，like等动词后用动名词或不定式无多大区别。有时用动名词作宾语时，指一般情况，而跟不定式作宾语时指某一具体行为。start，begin，continue在书面语中多后接动名词，在口语中多后接不定式。但start和begin在下列情况下一般跟不定式作宾语：当主语是物而不是人时；当start或begin以-ing形式出现时，当后面作宾语的动词表示感情、思想或意念时。e.g. It started to snow.开始下雨了。He is beginning to cook dinner. 他开始做饭了。I began to understand what he meant. 我开始理解了他的意思。 在sh