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1、写作离不开句子, 要写好英语的句子,首先要了解英语的句子由哪些成分构成,能充当这些成分的是各是什么词。 句子的组成部分分为：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语，其中主语与谓语是主要成分, 一般不可缺少。本单元复习主语、谓语和宾语。,句子成分：主语/谓语/宾语,练习：请找出下列句子的主语。 1. The boy comes from America. 1. The boy, 名词作主语。 2. He usually goes to school alone. 2. He，代词作主语。,主语表示句子所说的是什么人或什么事。,3. Studying English is very important
2、. Studying English, 动名词短语作主语。 4. To teach him a lesson seems quite necessary. To teach him a lesson, 不定式短语作主语。 5. That he won the prize excited everyone. That he won the prize, 主语从句作主语。,6. It is important for us to have our dreams. it 形式主语to have our dreams 不定式短语作真正的主语。 7. It is obvious that he was
3、wrong. it 形式主语, that he was wrong 主语从句作真正的主语。 8. It is no use crying over spilt milk. it 形式主语, crying over spilt milk动名词短语作真正的主语。,主语一般由名词、_ ,或者相当于名词的词、短语或从句充当(包括_ 、_ 还有_)。另外，当句子的主语为_、_ 或_时, 主语部分太长,为使句子平衡, 避免头重脚轻, 常用it作形式主语。,主格代词(I、she等),不定式,动名词,主语从句,动名词短语,不定式短语,主语从句,谓语说明主语的动作(即主语做了什么事)、状态或特征。谓语由动词或短
4、语动词充当, 或者由“系动词+表语”构成。除了倒装等特殊情况外, 谓语总是位于主语的后面, 即“主语谓语”。,动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语,连系动词与表语一起构成谓语, 情态动词与动词原形构成合成谓语, 助动词与动词的适当形式(如：原形、现在分词、过去分词)共同构成谓语部分。,【注意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。,练习：请找出下列句子的谓语并指出谓语的构成：实义动词、连系动词+表语、情态动词+动词的原形还是助动词+动词的适当形式？ 1. His parents are teachers. 1. are teachers，系动词+表语。 2. The
5、sun rises in the east. 2. rises，实义动词。,3. We have finished reading the book. have finished, 助动词+动词的过去分词。 4. You ought to work harder. ought to work, 情态动词+动词原形。,5. I felt cold. 5. felt cold, 连系动词+表语。 6. He doesnt like music. 6. doesnt like, 助动词+动词原形。,宾语是动词的动作对象。一般由名词、宾格代词(me, her等), 或者相当于名词的词、短语或从句充当(
6、包括不定式、动名词还有宾语从句)。宾语可分为直接宾语和间接宾语, 间接宾语说明动作是对谁或为谁而做, 直接宾语则是动作的承受者或结果。一般情况下, 宾语都在动词后面, 顺序是：主语谓语宾语。,练习 请找出下列句子的宾语。 1. He has never met her in person. Her, 宾格代词作宾语。 2. She handed him a book. him宾格代词作间接宾语, a book 名词作直接宾语。 3. He likes to play basketball. to play basketball, 不定式短语作宾语。,4. We enjoy listening
7、to music. listening to the music, 动名词短语作宾语。 5. She said that she felt sick. that she felt sick, 宾语从句作宾语。 6. They sent the injured to hospital. the injured, 名词化的形容词作宾语。,7. I find it impossible to believe her any longer. 7. it形式宾语, 不定式短语to believe her any longer.作真正宾语。 8. We consider it no good gettin
8、g up late. 8. it形式宾语, getting up late动名词短语作真正宾语。 9. They believed it strange that he should have done that. 9. it形式宾语, 宾语从句that he should have done that作真正的宾语。,当句子的宾语为_、_、或_时, 常用形式宾语it, 以保持句子的平衡。,注意：,不定式短语,动名词短语,宾语从句,综合练习,1.他在那里交了许多好朋友。(make) He (主语) has made (谓语) a lot of good friends (宾语) there. 2
9、.今天我一定要读完这本小说。(finish) I (主语) must finish (谓语) reading the novel (宾语) today.,3.她不肯帮助我。(refuse) She (主语) refused (谓语) to help me(宾语). 4.李明，还有另外两个同学，在课堂上睡着了。 Li Ming(主语), together with another two classmates, has fallen asleep (谓语) in class.,5. 其实，记英语单词并不难。(用doing作主语) In fact, remembering English word
10、s (主语) is not so difficult(谓语).,话题写作,假定你是李华, 你的英国笔友Nike给你发来电子邮件, 谈论他们学校最近倡导的低碳生活。请给她写一封电子邮件, 要点如下： 1. 你周围同学对低碳生活的态度。 2. 你自己的态度。,注意： 1. 词数100左右。 2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。 3. 开头和结语已为你写好。 Dear Nike, Pleased to receive your letter. Im looking forward to your early reply. Yours, Li Hua,Dear Nike, Pleased to r
11、eceive your letter. As for low-carbon life, a majority of my classmates show support for this lifestyle. To preserve the limited amount of resources, they take measures such as going to school by public transportation, saving as much water and electricity as possible in daily life, and using environ
12、mentally-friendly recyclable bags instead of plastic ones for shopping.,Yet a small number of students seen rather indifferent, saying the effort of an individual is just too small to count. However, when these single efforts accumulate into a collective force, it will be significant enough for real improvements, so I hope more people can live a low-carbon life to protect the earth. Im looking forward to your early reply. Yours, Li Hua,