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1、英语中什么叫做物质名词这里需要把名词的分类跟您说清楚,您就明白了. 名词可以分为专有名词(Proper Nouns)和普通名词(Common Nouns),专有名词是某个(些)人,地方,机构等专有的名称,如:Beijing, China等.普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如:book ,sadness等 普通名词又可分为下面四类: 1个体名词:表示某类人或东西中的个体, 2集体名词:表示若干个个体组成的集合体, 3物质名词:表示无法分为个体的实物, 4抽象名词:表示动作,状态,品质,感情等抽象概念, 个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算,称为可数名词(Countable Nouns
2、),物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算,称为不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns).定义 有具体的存在,但是不可数却有固定形状的物件的(如气体、液体、粉状或细粒状物体、材料、块状物体等),称为物质名词。 物质名词在使用上的注意事项如下: (1)物质名词因属不可数名词,所以不冠用“a(an)”,也没有复数。 例:Do you like to have a water?() (你要喝点水吗?把“a”去掉或改为“some”。) 例:In summer we drink many waters.() (夏天我们喝很多的水。把“many waters”改为“much(a lot of)wat
3、er”。) some和any的用法小结一、some和any作为形容词或代词,可以用来说明或代替复数名词或不可数名词,表示不定量,意为“一些”,其区别是:对其所说明或代替的名词持肯定态度时,用some;持非肯定(否定或疑问)态度时,用any。在以下句子中使用some:1.肯定句(包括肯定的陈述句和祈使句以及反意疑问句中肯定的陈述部分)。如:There are some new books on the teachers desk.We have a lot of sugar. Take some with you, please.He bought some bread, didnt he?2.
4、持肯定态度的一般疑问句。如:Are there some stamps in that drawer?Didnt she give you some money?3.表示请求或建议的一般疑问句,通常都希望得到对方肯定的答复,所以也用some。如:May I ask you some questions?Would you like some tea?4.特殊疑问句及选择疑问句。因为特殊疑问句和选择疑问句并不对some所说明或代替的名词表示疑问。如:Where can I get some buttons?Do you have some pens or pencils?在以下句子中使用ANY:
5、1.否定句(包括否定的陈述句和祈使句以及反意疑问句中否定的陈述部分)。如:I cant give you any help now.Do not make any noise.There werent any trees here, were there?2.含有除not以外的其他否定词或否定结构的句子。如:Jim hardly makes any mistakes in his homework.He went to London without any money in his pocket.She was too poor to buy any new clothes.3.一般疑问句(持
6、肯定态度的除外)。如:Did she buy any tomatoes yesterday?I want some paper. Do you have any?4.条件状语从句。如:If you are looking for any ink, you can find it on my desk.If there are any good apples there, get me two kilos, please.因为条件句“如果”表达的也是不肯定的态度。所以,如果说话者持肯定的态度或期待得到肯定的答复时,则可以用some。如:Bring me two pieces of paper i
7、f you have some.5.whether/if(是否)引导的名词从句。如:It is still unknown whether they have found any proof.He asked if he could drink any cool water.二、some还可表示“某些”或用在单数名词前表示“某一个”。any则可用于表示“任何一些”或“(至少3个中)任何一个”,二者均可用于肯定或非肯定的句子中。如:I dont like some of them.He is working at some place in the north.Any criminal(s) w
8、ill be punished.You can take any of these.三、some和any也可作为副词,用于比较级前,表示程度,意为“稍许,几分”,用法与其作形容词或代词表示“一些”时基本相同。如:He feels some better now.She was so tired that she could not go any further.some还可以用在数字之前,意为“大约”。如:He is some forty years old.四、由some-和any-构成的复合不定代词和不定副词,其用法区别多与some和any相同。如:Something is wrong w
9、ith her eyes.There is not anybody in this room.Have you seen it anywhere?Havent you forgotten something?(持肯定态度请用some或any填空:1) Could you get me _ coffee, please?2) I heard that he would stay there for _ days.3) Dont take _ magazines out of the reading-room.4)-Did he buy _ cakes or cookies? -Cookies,
10、I think.5) If you have _ questions, ask me, please.6) _ schoolboy would know that, yet you dont.7) I wonder if _ students are still in the classroom.8) Havent you got _ stamps? May I use one?9) Is he going to visit _ places of interest there?10) _ of the books are not mine. Theyre Johns, I think.11)
11、 There is _ meat on the plate, isnt there?12) She has never eaten _ Chinese food before.13) _ person at the door is asking to see you.14) There are _ 100 workers in the factory.15) when will you buy him _ new clothes?16) Did he jump _ higher this time?时间状语前不用介词的几种情况 介词是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间关系的虚词,英语中时间状语通常
12、由in, on, at, for等介词引起,但有些情况下时间状语前不用介词。现就这几种情况加以归纳。一、 当时间状语是today, yesterday, tomorrow, tonight, yesterday/tomorrow morning(afternoon, evening)等时,其前不用介词。例如: There was a football match yesterday evening.昨天晚上有一场足球赛。 They will go to the zoo tomorrow.明天他们将要去动物园。二、由this, that, these, those等构成的短语前不用介词。例如:
13、Ill visit my grandparents this week.这一周我要去看望我的祖父母。 They are picking apples on the farm these days.这些天他们在农场摘苹果。三、由形容词last,next等指示代词修饰的名词词组用作时间状语时,前面的介词at, on, in一般省略。例如: I saw him in the street sometime last week.上周我在街上见过他。 Please come to school earlier next time.下次请早点来学校。 但是,如果不是介词at, on, in,而是其他类型的
14、介词,一般不能省略。如:I havent been to my hometown since last year.从去年以来我就没回过家乡。四、在以“the day (week, month, year)+before/after”构成的时间状语前不用介词。例如: Where did you go the day before yesterday? 前天你去哪里了? Theyll have a party the day after tomorrow.他们后天将举行一个聚会。五、由every, each等表示频率的副词构成的短语用做时间状语时,其前不用介词。例如: Do you watch T
15、V every day? 你们每天看电视吗? They go to school by bike each day.他们每天骑自行车去上学。六、由on引出的特定日子,可以省略介词on。例如: I can see him (on) New Years Day.在元旦我可以看见他。七、for通常引出一段时间,当与表示静态的动词连用时可以省略。例如:I have stayed there (for) three hours.我在那里已经呆了三个小时。 注意:1.当与动态动词连用,或在句首及否定句中,介词for不能省略。如:I havent heard from him for three years
16、.我三年没有收到他的信了。 2.当walk, run, drive, travel等动词连用表示距离时,for可以省略。如: He ran (for) a mile in four minutes.他四分钟跑了一英里八、以all构成的短语做时间状语,如all day, all the week, all the year等前面通常不用介词。例如: My mother was busy all day yesterday.昨天妈妈忙了一整天。 The girl was ill in bed all the week.这个女孩生病了,卧床整整一周。 注意:以all开头的短语前,介词通常省略。如 I havent seen her all day.我整整一天没有看见他了。九、当at about表示时间时,介词at可以省略。例如: The sun rose (at) about six oclock today.今天太阳大约在六点升起。