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1、句子种类考点讲解和训练一、句子的类型 1句子按结构分可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。简单句只有一个主语和一个谓语动词。例如：He likes swimming and often swims in the river.并列句由并列连词把两个或两个以上简单句连在一起构成。例如：I learn English and he learns French.复合句中含有一个或一个以上的从句。例如：It was raining hard when I got home yesterday.2句子按功能分可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。陈述句用来说明一件事实或表达一种看法；疑问句用来提出问题；祈使句用来
2、发出请求或命令；感叹句用来表达强烈的感情。二、句子的成分 句子的成分有主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语和状语。主语是一个句子所叙说的主题，一般在句首。 谓语动词说明主语的动作与状态，一般在主语之后。表语在连系动词之后，说明主语的身份、特征和状态。 状语修饰动词、形容词、副词及全句的句子成分。宾语表示动作的对象，即动作的承受者，一般放在及物动词后。 定语修饰名词、代词、短语或从句。三、祈使句 表示请求、命令、禁止、劝告或建议的句子叫祈使句。祈使句的主语往往省略。四种基本形式：（1）肯定祈使句；如：Stop talking! Come here in time!（2）否定祈使句；以Dont或Never
3、开头的句子。Dont talk in class. Never leave todays work for tomorrow.（3）以Lets开头的祈使句；如：Lets go together. Let him go first.（4）以助动词do开头的祈使句。如：Do come to see me if you have time.四、感叹句 感叹句的结构通常有三种形式：（1）what引导的感叹句，强调句中的名词；（2）how引导的感叹句、强调句中的形容词或副词；（3）由感情色彩的单词或词组构成的感叹句。What引导的感叹句。What+a/an+adj.+n.+主谓结构！（有时主谓结构可省略
4、）。如：What a hot day it is!How引导的感叹句。How+adj./adv.+主谓结构！如：How interesting the book is! How hard they are working!五、疑问句 常见的有一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。一般疑问句是用来表示某人或某物是否属实，并且要用yes或no来回答的疑问句。其语序一般要用倒装结构。如：-Are you an engineer? -Yes, I am或No, I am not.以疑问代词（who, whom, whose, what, which等）和疑问副词（when, where, w
5、hy, how等）开头的疑问句就叫特殊疑问句。其句式结构分正常语序和倒装语序两种形式。如：What has happened to her?在句中提供的两个或多个答案中选择一个作回答的疑问句，就叫做选择疑问句。这种疑问句的句式结构有两种情况：即一般疑问句和特殊疑问句再加上供选择的两个或多个部分。但不管用哪种形式，都要按实际情况来回答。如：-Do you enjoy playing football or volleyball? I enjoy playing volleyball.表示提问者对自己所陈述的事情有怀疑或是没有把握，需要别人加以证实的疑问句，就叫做反意疑问句。其句式结构由两部分组成
6、，即陈述部分再加一个简略问句。如果陈述部分是肯定句，简略问句就用肯定形式。但不管用哪种形式，前后两部分中的人称、数、时态等都要保持一致，并且陈述部分中的主语不论是用什么词充当，简略问句中的主语一定是一个人称代词。对反意疑问句的回答，其肯定形式都用yes，否定回答用no。如：-You spoke at the meeting yesterday, didnt you? -Yes, I did. 或No, I didnt注意：（1）否定词如hardly, never, neither等not+any/anything/either/ever等构成完全否定的结构。（2）think, believe,
7、 suppose, expect, imagine等词后接宾语从句中否定结构常常移到主句的谓语动词中。（3）反意疑问句要注意肯定部分和否定部分的搭配，两个部分动词、时态要一致。【中考演练】一. 选择填空1. Lets meet at the school gate, _?A. will you B. shall we C. dont we D. wont you2. Please dont come here late, _?A. wont you B. will you C. shall we D. do you3. _ heavily it is raining at the moment
8、!A. How B. What C. Where D. When4. _interesting stories those are!A. What B. Which C. How D. Whose5. I dont want to make her _the washing for me any more.A. to do B. do C. doing D. done6. _ is to believe.A. Seeing B. To see C. See D. Seen7. He looks _but he is a rude(粗鲁的) boy.A. happily B. politely
9、C. terribly D. gentle 8. -Can you guess what they _ at the moment? -I think they are having a P.E class.A. will do B. are doing C. were doing D. could do9. -What present did you buy _ your mother? I bought some flowers.A. to B. for C. at D. with10. Please _that book to me. I need to read the text.A.
10、 pass B. show C. buy D. borrow 11. _a lovely girl! Every one likes her very much.A. How B. What C. Whose D. Why12. There is little milk left in the fridge, _?A. is there B. isnt there C. isnt it D. is it13. -_ is your mother? -She is forty years old.A. How B. What C How old D. How often14. Would you
11、 please keep the window _? Its hot today.A. close B. open C. closed D. opened15. What you said _ reasonable. I will accept your advice.A. sounds B. sound C. hears D. looks宾语从句考点讲解和训练一宾语从句的种类 宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。1. 由that引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中
12、可以省略。例如：He said (that) he wanted to stay at home. She doesnt know (that) she is seriously ill.2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：Do you know who (whom) they are waiting foe?He asked whose handwriting was the best. Can you tell me where t
13、he No.3 bus stop is?3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：I want to know if (whether) he lives there. He asked me whether (if) I could help him.二. 宾语从句的语序 宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如：I hear (that) physics isnt easy. I think (that) you will like this school soon.Can you tell me how I can get to zoo?
14、Please tell me when well have the meeting.三. 宾语从句的时态1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。如：Please tell us where he is. I dont think (that) you are right. Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：He asked what time it was. He aske
15、d if you had written to Peter.He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet. He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。例如：Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.【中考演练】一. 单项填空1.
16、Do you know _ during the coming summer holiday? A. what will Tom do B. what did Tom do C. what Tom will do D. what Tom did2. I want to know_. A. what is his name B. whats his name C. that his name is D. what his name is3. Do you know _ I could pass the exam? A. that B. whether C. what D. which4. Jim
17、 doesnt understand _. A. which is the way to the museum B. why his wife always goes shopping C. what is the way to the museum D. why does she always go shopping5. -Could you tell me _ she is looking for? A. that B. whose C. who D. which6. Mr. King didnt know _ yesterday evening. A. when does his son
18、 come home B. when his son comes home C. when did his son come home D. when his son came home7. Could you tell me _ the bike this morning? A. how does he mend B. how he mends C. how he mended D. how did he mend8. -Im waiting for the mail. Do you know _ it will arrive? -Usually it comes by 4: 00. A.
19、how B. where C. when D. what9. -Excuse me, would you please tell me _? -Certainly. Go straight along here. Its next to a hospital. A. how we can get to the post office B. how can we get to the post office C. how get to the post office D. how could we get to the post office10. -Can I help you? -Yes.
20、Id like a ticket to Mount Emei. Can you tell me _ take to get there? A. how soon will it B. how soon it will C. how long it will D. how long will it11. He wanted to know _. A. whether he speaks at the meeting B. when the meeting would start C. what hes going to do at the meeting D. where would the m
21、eeting be held 12. -Could you tell me _ the Bamboo Garden? -The day after tomorrow, I think. A. when will you visit B. when you will visit C. when would you visit D. when you would visit13. Would you please tell me _ next, Mr Wang? A. what should we do B. we should do what C. what we should do D. sh
22、ould we do what14. You cant imagine _ when they received these nice Christmas presents. A. how they were excited B. how excited they were C. how excited were they D. they were how excited15. I want to know _ you will come back at 8:00 tomorrow. A. that B. when C. where D. whether16. -Could you tell
23、me _? -Sorry, I dont know. I was not at the meeting. A. what does he say at the meeting B. what did he say at the meeting C. what he says at the meeting D. what he said at the meeting17. -Could you tell me _ last night? -Er, I was watching Euro 2004 at home. A. what you were doing B. what were you d
24、oing C. what you are doing D. what are you doing18. The teacher asked the students _. A. if they were interested in dinosaurs B. when was Albert Einstein born C. what they will do with the computers D. how many trees they have planted19. Every morning the patients are asked if _ their temperature ta
25、ken. A. they had had B. have they had C. they have had D. had they had20. Its up to you to decide _ youll go there, by air or by road. A. how B. why C. that D. when二. 根据汉语句子的意思完成下列英语句子1. 李明说他对玩电脑游戏感兴趣。Li Ming says _ _ interested in playing computer games.2. 我认为玛丽不回来了。I dont think Mary _ _.3. 山姆给我说他准
26、备去上海。Sam told me that he _ _ for Shanghai.4. 请你告诉我去钟楼怎麽走吗？Could you tell me _ I can get to the Bell Tower?5. 父亲说他买了一台新电脑。Father said that he _ _ a new computer.6. 我想知道今天晚上还有没有去北京的火车。I want to know _ there is a train to Beijing.7. 你知道一个双人间多少钱吗？Do you know _ _ a double room _?8. 请你告诉我我们外出多长时间好吗？Could you tell me _ _ were going to be away?9. 叔叔说他正在写一本新小说。Uncle said that he _ _ a new novel.10. 杰克说他有重要事情要做。Jack said he _ something important to do.5