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1、Sentence Translation,Amplification (增译法),Sentence Translation,一、教学目的：要求熟练理解句子的翻译技巧，从而在英汉翻译时做到通顺、准确。 二、教学过程： 1. 增译法 省译法 词类转换 正说反译、反说正译法 重译法 语态变换法 词序调整法 拆译法,Amplification (增译法),By amplification we mean supplying necessary words in our translation work so as to make the version correct and clear, to ma
2、ke it more like the language translated into. Of course words thus supplied must be indispensable either syntactically or semantically. In other words, a translator is not supposed to add any meaning to the original. There are two kinds: 1)Words for syntactic constructionto secure correctness, 2)Wor
3、ds supplied for semantic completionto secure clearness. Both aim at making the version expressive and readily understood by the reader.,翻译技巧增译法,Amplification (增译法),英汉两种语言在词法和句法结构方面存在很大的差异。例如，英语中有词形变化，汉语中没有；英语中有大量用连词、介词、关系代词等等，而汉语中各成分往往通过内在的关系贯串在一起，不一定或很少使用连词和介词，也没有关系代词。增词（译）法就是指在翻译时按照修辞句法上的需要在译文中增加一
4、些原文中虽无但有其意的词。增译的目的是为了更加忠实通顺地表达原文的内容，而决不是无中生有地随意增加。所以，要通顺忠实地译出原文的涵义，译文中势必有所增减。这一节，将对增译法作简要讨论。,翻译技巧增译法,1、增加动词,翻译技巧增译法,1). Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. 读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,笔记（写作）使人准确。 2) . We dont regret, we never have and never will. 我们不会后悔，我们从来没有后悔过，我们将来也不会后悔。
5、 3). After the basketball, he still has an important conference. 看完篮球比赛之后，他还有一个重要会议要参加。,1、增加动词,翻译技巧增译法,4). He dismissed the meeting without a closing speech. 他没有致闭幕词就宣布结束会议。 5). Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric abl
6、e to contend. （compare this with S1) 读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理使人庄重，逻辑修辞使人善辩。,2. 增加形容词或副词,翻译技巧增译法,1). With what enthusiasm the Chinese people are building socialism! 中国人民正以多么高的热情建设社会主义啊！ 2). The crowds melted away. 人群渐渐散开了。 3). As he sat down and began talking, words poured out. 他一坐下来就讲开了，滔滔不绝地讲
7、个没完。,all too often 时常,翻译技巧增译法,4). She lingered long over his letter. 她反反复复地回味着他的来信。 5). In the films of those days, all too often it was the same one: boy tractor driver meets girl tractor driver; they fall in love and drive tractor together. 在那时候的电影里，总是老一套：男拖拉机手和女拖拉机手始而相遇，继而相爱，终而并肩开拖拉机了。,3. 增加名词,翻译
8、技巧增译法,1). First you borrow, then you beg. 头一遭借钱，下一遭就讨饭。 2). Mary washed for a living after her husband died of cancer. 玛丽的丈夫癌症去世后，就靠洗衣服维持生活。 3). He ate and drank, for he was exhausted. 他吃了 点东西，喝了点酒，因为他疲惫不堪了。,3. 增加名词,由例1、2、3可见，英语中有许多动词，即可作及物动词也可作不及物动词；作不及物动词时，其宾语实际上是隐含在动词之后的，译成汉语常需把它译出来。比如 “to wash b
9、efore meal”, “ to wash after getting up”, “to wash before going to bed”.,翻译技巧增译法,由例、可见，均在形容词前增加名词，从而使译文更具体，更符合译语习惯。,翻译技巧增译法,4). That black jacket is indeed cheap and fine. 那件黑夹克真是价廉物美。 5). He was wrinkled and black, with scant gray hair. 他满脸皱纹，皮肤黝黑，头发灰白稀疏。 6). A new kind of carsmall, cheapis attract
10、ing increasing attention. 一种新型轿车正越来越引起人们的注意这种轿车体积小，价钱便宜。 7). He is a complicated manmoody, mercurial, with a melancholy streak. 他是一个性格复杂的人喜怒无常，反复多变，还有些忧郁寡欢。,翻译技巧增译法,8). His arrogance made everyone dislike him. 他的傲慢态度使谁也不喜欢他。 9). After all preparations were made, the planes were flown across the U.S.
11、 to San Francisco. 一切准备工作就绪以后， 飞机就飞越美国去了旧金山。 由例8 、9可以看出， 某些动词或形容词派生来的抽象名词，翻译时可以根据上下文在其后面增添适当的名词，使译文更符合规范。 又如： 10). The development of economy remains one of the priorities of the Chinese Government. 发展经济仍然是中国政府的首要课题/任务之一。,to persuade persuasion 说服 说服工作 to prepare preparation 准备 准备工作 backward backwar
12、dness 落后 落后状态 tense tension 紧张 紧张局势 arrogant arrogance 自满 自满情绪 mad madness 疯狂 疯狂行为,翻译技巧增译法,4. 增加代词,翻译技巧增译法,1). 小不忍则乱大谋。 If one is not patient in small thing, one will never be able to control great ventures. 2). 交出翻译之前，必须读几遍，看看有没有要修改的地方，这样你才能把工作做好。（钟述孔英汉翻译手册） Before handing in your translation, you
13、have to read it over and over again and see if there is anything in it to be corrected or improved. Only thus can you do your work well. (Zhong Shukong, A Handbook of Translation),翻译技巧增译法,3). 没有调查就没有发言权。 He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak. 当然了，例还可以认为是增补主语“he”。 又如：“又要马儿跑得快,
14、 又要马儿不吃草, 简直可笑。” You want the horse to run fast and yet you dont let it graze. Isnt it ridiculous! 4). 别把手搁在口袋里。 Dont put your hands in your pockets. “努力实现和平统一。” 译文：We should strive for the peaceful reunification of the motherland.,翻译技巧增译法,5). 一天天冷起来了。 It is getting colder day by day. 6) 尝试而失败还是比不尝试
15、好。 It is better to try and fail than never try at all. 7). 你三星期完成这项设计不容易。 It was not easy for you to finish this design in three weeks. 8). 把钟拆开比把它装起来容易。 It is easier to take a clock apart than to put it together again.,5、增加语气词或量词,翻译技巧增译法,汉语有许多语气助词，如“的”、“吧”、“呢”、“啊”、“呀”、“嘛”、“吗”、“啦”、“了”不同的语气词可以发挥不同的作用
16、，英汉互译时需用心体验，以期译出从意义和修辞色彩等都符合的译文。同时，英语中的数词（包括不定冠词a）与可数名词直接连用，它们之间并无量词，而汉语往往要借助量词。因此英译汉时，应根据实际情况恰当地增加表示其形状、特征或材料的量词。 1). Dont get angry. Im just making fun of you. 不要生气嘛！我不过开开玩笑罢了。,2). As for me, I didnt agree from the very beginning. 我呢，从一开始就不赞成。 3). They (the eyes) were the same colour as the sea, c
17、heerful and undefeated. 那双眼睛啊，像海水一样的蓝，令人愉快，毫不沮丧 4). A red sun is rising slowly on the horizon. 一轮红日正从地平线上冉冉升起。 5). How time flies! 时间过得真快啊！ 6). What a leader he was! 他真是一位出类拔萃的领袖阿！,翻译技巧增译法,翻译技巧增译法,7). A stream was winding its way through the valley into the Dadu river. 一弯溪水蜿蜒流过山谷，汇合到大渡河去了。 8）Once, t
18、hey had a quarrel. 有一次，他们争吵了一番。,翻译技巧增译法,9). Seeing is believing. 百闻不如一见。 10). The essence remains its identity while appearances may vary. 万变不离其宗。 从例7、8、9可见，英语中有些动词或动作名词，译成汉语时常需增加一些表示行为、动作的动量词。又如：have a rest 休息一下; make a stop停一下.,White clouds float over the blue sky. Can you manage without help? I d
19、are say that the Chinese way of reforms is more characteristic and effective than others. In general, all the metals are good conductors, with silver the best and copper the second. “ How shall I do it?” “Just as you wish!” He felt the patriot rise within his breast.,1. White clouds float over the b
20、lue sky. 蓝蓝的天上漂浮着朵朵白云。 2. Can you manage without help? 如果没有人帮忙， 你能应付的了吗？ 3. I dare say that the Chinese way of reforms is more characteristic and effective than others. 我认为，中国的改革方式比别国的改革方式更富有特色、更卓有成效。,4. In general, all the metals are good conductors, with silver the best and copper the second. 一般说来， 金属都是良好的导体，其中以银为最好，铜次之。 5. “ How shall I do it?” “Just as you wish!” 这事儿我该怎么办才好？你想怎么办，就怎么办。 6. He felt the patriot rise within his breast. 他感到一种爱国热情在心中荡漾。,