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1、八年级上册暑假自学预习Unit1一、词汇预习(1) 必备单词:1.*encyclopedia n. 百科全书 2. human adj. 人的3. dinosaur n. 恐龙 4 .*Italian n. 意大利人5. inventor n. 发明家 6. musician n.音乐家7. scientist n. 科学家 8. born（be born）出生9. countryside n. 乡村，农村 10. intelligence n. 才智，智慧11. *artistic adj. 有天赋的 12.ability n. 才能，能力13. perhaps adv. 可能，大概 14.
2、 invention n. 发明15. notebook n. 笔记本 16. include v. 包括，包含17. even adv. (强调出乎意料) 甚至 18. however adv. 然而19. suddenly adv. 突然，忽然 20. nobody pron. 没有人21. *fossil n. 化石 22. win v. (在比赛中) 获胜，赢23. dollar n. 美元(2) 重点短语:1. in the countryside 在乡村，在农村 2. human being 人3. die out 灭绝，消失 4. find out 了解，弄清5. go for
3、a walk 去散步 6. be born 出生7. more than 多于，超过 8. just like 正如，正像9. how long 多久 10. would like (to do)想要11. for example 例如 12. next to 紧挨着13. look up 查阅 14. live on Earth 生活在地球上15. an Italian painter 一位意大利画家 16. used to do sth 过去常常做某事17. at the end of 在末尾 18. from an early age 从很小的时候起19. come out of从出来
4、20. be famous for 以而闻名be famous as作为而闻名知识点1预习：词汇1. inventor The young inventor kept working on improvements. 这位年轻的发明家不停地完善他的发明。总结: inventor 作 词，表示“ ”，是可数名词， 复数形式“inventors”；拓展：invent v. 发明 He invented the first electric clock. 他发明了第一个电动机械钟。 invention 发明物 复数形式“inventions” Their invention conquered th
5、e world. 他们的这项发明征服了全世界。连接词： 动词+or 变名词 引导conductconductor 列车长 编辑editeditor 编者 跟踪tailtailor 裁缝 参观visitvisitor 访问者 发觉detectdetector 探测器 传染infectinfector 传染者 驾驶sailsailor 水手 演actactor演员运用： 第二个重要的发明发生在美国。The second important invention happened in America.2. human人的，thehumanbody人体【知识拓展】human，人，也写作humanbei
6、ng。可以总指全人类.如果是用复数humanbeings,那么其单数是指一个人,复数表示多个人。如果指全人类,则只用单数即可_ 狗的听觉比人灵敏的多。Dogs have a better sound than human being.3.born 出生Some people are born brainy. 有些人天生聪明。Jack was a born teacher. 杰克天生是个当老师的料。总结： born 用作动词时，意为“出生”；用作形容词时，意为“天生的” 常用短语：sb. be born 运用： 他出生在美国。 她天生就是个钢琴家。 He was born in American
7、. He was a born pianist.4.look it up!look up:查阅；查询，查字典: look up the dictionary, 当look up 后的宾语为代词it或them时；其形式为 look it/them up.与look相关词组：look like看起来像 look after照顾 look out当心，小心look around环顾四周 look for寻找 look forward to 期待look through浏览 look over检查身体 look into 往里看；调查Eg: This morning I _ some new rest
8、aurants on the internet for I wanted to take Mary to a nice restaurant for her 8th birthday. A.picked up B. looked up C. cleaned up D. gave up 5. include 及物动词，包含，包括For example, his notebooks include some interesting drawings of flying machines.The price includes both your shirt and your trousers.【拓展
9、】including prep. 包括，包含在内Ten members were present at the meeting, including myself.included为形容词，意为“包括在内的”，常用于名词之后。它和including引起的短语含义相同，但是在句中的词序位置不同。前面常接be动词include在句子中做谓语动词，跟着主语。而including是现在分词，起补充成分内容的作用。在许多情况下用作介词，后面可直接跟宾语。including + 宾语 = 宾语 + included.【活学活用】(1) Everybodyhadsomethingtosay,_ me.(2)
10、 _bothhouseandfurniture. 价钱包括房子和家具(3) Therearesevenpeople, and _. 共有七人，包括四位男士。1. including 2.Price includes 3. four men are included.6.Dinosaurs lived on Earth more than 60 million years before human beings.more than：超过；多于；= overmillion：百万具体数目(many, some, several)+hundred / thousand / million / bill
11、ion+名词复数不具体数目：hundreds / thousands / millions / billions +of+名词复数Eg: _(thousand）of visitors have come to Beijing in the last two months.Eg:There are two_(thousand）students in our class.7.Some dinosaurs were as small as chickens.as.as 修饰形容词或副词的原级The classroom is as big as that one. He sings as_ (good
12、)as his brother.注：as.as 与soas 的区别 否定句可以用as.as或者so.as；肯定句只能用as.as。8.Some could even fly. even 甚至；连；用来修饰adj或adv的比较级 比较级前可用much / a lot ( 得多)，a little（稍微）, 等表示程度 The weather is even _( hot) today. 9.However, some dinosaurs liked to eat meat. however 意为“可是，然而，尽管”. however/ but 区别：however 意为“可是，然而，尽管”，较
13、but 的意味弱，通常用作连接性状语。其位置可以在句首，句末或插入句中。当其被用来对照两个分句时，中间需要有一个逗号；当它被用作句子的插入语时，则前后应各有一个逗号。but 作为并列连词，在意义上起转折作用。 but 前后的两个句子或短语在意义上形成鲜明对照。 but 用来连接两个分句或两个较长的短语时，but 后面一般不加逗号。 1) Id like to go with you, _, my hands are full. 2) Im sorry, _ I wont be able to come tonight.however; but10.Then suddenly, they all
14、 died out.die out: 灭绝；die死；过去式died；过去分词died；dieadj. deadn. deathdie 相关的词组： die of: 死于（内因） die from: 死于（外因） 11.When I was young, I used to keep a note book. used to do是“过去常做 辨析： 1) used to do是“过去常做(言外之意是现在不做了)” 2) be used to doing 为“习惯于做某事”，to后面也可用名词也可用代词。 3) be used to do 表示“被用来做” 用上面的短语填空1.He _be l
15、ate for class before. 2. You will soon _ the life there.3.We have _ eating rice. 4.Wood can _ make paper.1.used to do 2.be/ get used to 3. been/gotten used to 4. be used to12.They were not very good, but they helped me think and dream.help：帮助 通常用法：help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事help sb with sth 帮助某人某事；
16、with the help of sb 在.帮助下help oneself to 请自便 cant help doing情不自禁做13.Perhaps, you will do something important or even become famous one day.perhaps:可能；也许，= possiblesomething important ：一些重要的事形容词用来修饰something,anything,nothing,everything等不定代词，要放在这些词的后面 Eg:Thepolicefoundnothing strangeintheroom.14.Just
17、remember to think and to dream. remember: 记得；记住 remember to do sth. 记得要做某事 （ 未做 ）Please remember _(turn)off the lights and fans. remember doing sth. 记得做过某事（ 已做 ） Eg: I remember _(meet)you somewhere before.15.Some were small; others were huge. other, another, others, the other, the others的用法区别 基本用法 o
18、ther： other+ 名词（ other students ）别的，其他的 another： another +单数名词, “另一个” 。也可以把名词单数省略。the other：the other +复数名词= the others “其他的人或物” （指确定范围内剩下的全部）或另一个 others (别人)： 其后不能带名词，代换上文中提及的可数名词（非剩余全部） the others：代词，其后不能带名词，代换上文中提及的可数名词（剩余全部）小结tips：涉及名词复数的考虑 other，others 后面有名词复数就考虑，单数就考虑another，the other（前面肯定会说到两
19、个xxx的）和the others（很少考到）1.We want to be more like the easygoing people of some _ countries, who greet each other with kisses and hugs.A. other B.the other C. another D.others2. The two man in _ boat were worried about him and shouted to him.A.other B.others C.another D.the other3.It seemed that as on
20、e problem was solved , _ one followed.A.other B.the other C. another D.others4. In school she needed a special chair which was bigger and stronger than _ chairs.A.other B.the other C. others D.another5._ thing that makes the character seem like a real person is his special habits. A. Other B. Others
21、C. AnotherD. The others6. Have you wondered how some girls or boys become so popular in you school when you are trying to make some friends with _A.other B.the other C. another D.othersACCACD知识点2：短语10. be born 出生 2. in the countryside 在农村3. for example 例如 4. more than 超过5. human being 人类 6. die out
22、灭绝7. come out of 从.出来 8. at the end of 在.末尾9. just like 正如 10. be famous for 以.闻名11. go for a walk 去散步 12. find out 了解，弄清13. next to 紧挨着 14. look like 看起来像同步练习： 根据句意从左面选择适当的短语并用其正确形式填空，补全句子。1. If we dont protect the environment, all the animals will _. 2. My grandparents live .3. When Mum _the house
23、, she saw a big dog in front of the door. 4. She is very intelligent, _ she can speak four languages.5.Hangzhou the silk. 6. _the term, Jim did well in the final exam. 7.Lets _ after dinner.8. There are _50 students in our class.9. The police the truth of the murder(谋杀).10. Im interested in people .
24、11. -Where you ？ -In England. 12. -What your friend ? - Tall and thin. 13. Every one likes a clean classroom, home.14. There is a store our school.Key; die out ,by herself ,arrived at ,and ,by ,walk ,about,find out ,are from ,does like ,except ,close to 语法一、some和anysome和any都可以修饰_或者_（名词），表示“_的意思.”,但是
25、二者在用法上还是有一定的区别的。1、some一般用于_句或者表示建议请求并希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中。Davidhassomefriendsinshanghai.MayIhavesomechicken?Wouldyoulikesomenoodles?2、any一般用于_句中，用于not，no，never,hardly,without等词之后。或者用于_ 表示“任何”的意思。Maryhasnthardlygotanypens.Doyouhaveanyquestion?Anything is possible.二、复合不定代词复合不定代词一般是用some,any,no,every与_组合构成的。1
26、、一般来说，some构成的复合不定代词用于肯定句中，any构成的复合不定代词用于否定句或疑问句中。Isawnobody.Thereisnotanybodyintheroom.Isthereanythingonthebookcase?2、复合不定代词作主语的时候，谓语用_形式。Somebodywantstoseeyou.3、形容词修饰复合不定代词的时候，要放在_。Doyouhaveanythingimportanttotellus?【实战检测】题型1： 单项选择1. Listening is just as as speaking in language learning.A. importan
27、t B. more important C. most important D. the most important2. Do you have to say for our travel?A. else anything B.anything else C. else something D. something else3. birds died because of pollution.A. Two millions B. Millions of C. Million of D. Two millions of4. There still some milk in the fridge
28、. You dont need to go to the store today. A. am B. is C. are D. be 5. What a fine day! Lets go a walk.A. for B.at C. out D. in 6. The poor old man a week ago.A. dead B.death C. dies D. died7. Dont look the windows in class, we must listen to the teacher carefully.A. out of B.out C. into D. up 8. The
29、 PLA man(解放军) saved three lives in the accident.A. childrens B.children C. child D. childs 9. -Do you have pencils? -No, I have pens.A. some;any B.any;some C. some;some D. any;any10. Nobody me English. I have to learn it by myself.A. teach B.teaches C. teaching D. to teachKey :ABBBA DACBB 题型2：用所给词的适
30、当形式填空。1. Its useful （learn）a foreign language.2. Can you help me （carry）the box, Lily?3. Remember （write）to me when you get to Beijing.4. I need some (potato). Do you need some?5. About two （million）people listened to the programme.Key :to learn ;（to）carry ;to write ;potatoes ;million【随堂检测&课后作业】练一练：
31、I.根据句意及首字母提示填写单词，使句子完整、通顺。1.My father was b_ in a big family with six children.2.These houses i_ four rooms: a bedroom, a living room, a kitchen and a bathroom.3.Mo Yans novels showed his great a_ in writing.4.My friend likes inventing and he wants to be an i_ in the future.5.We all get good results
32、 in this performance. H_, he doesnt because of his carelessness.6.Paper is a great i _ and we always use it everywhere.7.The ground is wet, so I think p_ it rained last night.8.The teacher explained this question patiently, and e_ a child can understand it.9.When I was doing homework，s_ he broke int
33、o my room.10.All students are playing in the playground, so n_ is in the classroom now.1. born 2. include 3. ability 4. inventor 5. However6. invention7. perhaps 8. even 9. suddenly 10. nobodyII.根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词。11.由于污染，许多海洋生物已经灭绝了。Many living things in the sea have_ _ because of pollution.12.许多孩子在暑假
34、时都会和爷爷奶奶住在农村。Many children live_ _ _ with their grandparents in summer holiday.13.通过化石，我们可以了解到恐龙的进化过程。We can_ _ the development of dinosaurs from their fossils.14.我通常和我朋友沿着河边散步。I usually _ _ _ _ along the river with my friends.15.人们可以做一些动物不会做的秦，比如:思考，说话和创造。_ _ can do something that animals cant do,
35、such as thinking，talking and creating things.16.我朋友和Lucy一样痩。My friend is_ _ _ Lucy.17.在我们班，一些人喜欢打篮球，而另外一些人喜欢踢足球。In our class, _ people like playing basketball while_ like playing football.18.商场在七夕节推出了一款新式戒指。The shopping mall brings out_ _ _ _ ring in Qixi Festival.19.数以千计的人在这栋楼里面工作。_ _ people work i
36、n the building.20.警察已经查明了是谁昨天偷走了医院里的新生儿。The policemen have_ _ who stole the new born baby in the hospital yesterday.21.印度的人口不止10亿。India has a population of_ _ 1 billion.22.这家美国超市里有许多中国制造的产品。There are many products_ _ China in this American supermarket.23.屠呦呦1930年出生于浙江。Tu Youyou_ _ _ Zhejiang in 1930
37、.24.从小他就想长大后成为像袁隆平这样的人。_ _ _ _, he wanted to be a person like Yuan Longping when he grew up.25.通过努力，他学会了打乒乓球。He_ _ _ table tennis with his great effort.11. died out 12. in the countryside 13. learn about 14. go for a walk 15. Human beings 16. as thin as 17. some; others 18. a new type of 19. Thousan
38、ds of 20. found out 21. more than 22. made in 23. was born 24. From an early age 25. learnt to play【综合训练】一、语法选择（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从115各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。There was a young painter who made money by painting portraits （肖像画）. His dream was to become one of _1_
39、 artists in the field of art. One day, a rich lady asked him to paint _2_ portrait for her and promised to pay him 10,000 dollars.After a week, the lady came to take the painting. The painting was wonderful, _3_ she was not happy with it. She told the young painter, “I will buy this painting only for 3,000 dollars.” The young painter felt _4_ at what she said. Then he talked with the lady, hoping that