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1、SMACNA Seismic Restraint Manual,Mark Terzigni Project Manager SMACNA Technical Resources,History,1976 Guidelines for Seismic Restraint of Mechanical Systems (Sheet Metal Industry Fund of Los Angeles) 1982 Guidelines for Seismic Restraints of Mechanical Systems and Plumbing Piping Systems (Sheet Meta
2、l Industry Fund of Los Angeles and The Plumbing and Piping Industry Council , Inc.),History,1991 Seismic Restraint Manual Guidelines for Mechanical Systems (SMACNA) Included larger ducts Included conduit Created Seismic Hazard Level (SHL) 1993 Appendix E Corrections and Clarifications Specific Requi
3、rements for OSHPD OSHPD Approval,History,1998 Second Edition 2000 ANSI Approval 2000 Addendum #1,QUESTION?,What is the Issue?,ANSWER,Physics!,PHYSICS,F = Ma,Code Considerations,OLDER CODES BOCA Fp = AvCcPacWc SBCCI Fp = AvCcPacWc ICBO Fp = ZIpCpWp,All Codes Take the Form of,Fp = Cs Wp Where Cs = A s
4、eries of constants given in the building code Cs is a measure of acceleration,Current Codes,International Building Code (IBC) 2000-2003 Fp = 0.4ap SDS Wp (1 + 2Z/h) Rp/Ip Uniform Building Code (UBC) 1997 Fp = apCaIp (1 + 3hx/hr) Wp Rp,The Form is the Same,IBC 0.4 apSDSis a measure of acceleration Rp
5、/Ip UBC apCaIpis a measure of acceleration Rp,Simplifying,IBC Fp = CsWp (1 +2Z/h) UBC Fp = Cs(1 + 3hx/hr)Wp,The Components,IBC (1 + 2Z/h) and UBC (1 + 3hx/hr) Are Adjustments for the Anticipated Force Levels Depending on Location in the Building,Basic Equation,Fp = CsWp Where Cs includes the Locatio
6、n Adjustment Factors,Rearranging the Equation,The SMACNA Seismic Restraint Manual has Tables for Four Values of Cs These Tables are Identified as Seismic Hazard Level (SHL),SMACNA SHL Values,SHL A = Cs = 1.0 SHL B = Cs = 0.75 SHL C = Cs = 0.50 SHL D = Cs = 0.25,The Design Professional Should,Calcula
7、te Cs from the Information in the Applicable Local Building Code Calculate the Values of Cs at the Various Attachment Locations in the Building Indicate the Required SMACNA SHL Tables to be Used at the Different Attachment Locations,Terms,Occupancy Category I IV Table 1-1 ASCE-7 05 Seismic Design Ca
8、tegory Section 11.6 ASCE-7 05 Seismic Hazard Level A-D based on seismic acceleration SMACNA,ASCE-7 05,General Requirements,Details provide lateral bracing system. Typical vertical supports per local building code must be used. Thermal expansion not given but must be considered. Duct construction to
9、conform to the appropriate SMACNA publications.,General Requirements,Pipes will conform to ANSI/ASME B 31.9 Building Services Piping Code. Brace in-line equipment independently of ducts and pipes. Cold formed angles to conform to the requirements of the latest Specifications for the Design of Cold-F
10、ormed Steel Structural Members (AISI) (FY = 33 KSI),General Requirements,Hot rolled shapes and plates to conform to ASTM A36. Pipes used as braces to conform to ASTM A120 or A53. Cables to have minimum breaking strength. Per Table 3-2.,General Requirements,Bolts to conform to ASTM A307. Expansion an
11、chors per Table 3-3. Proprietary connectors may be used where values are greater. Welding to conform to AWS D1.1 using shielded or submerged ARC method. Brace conduit same as equivalent weight of pipe.,General Requirements,Do not mix solid and cable bracing. Bracing for equipment NOT included. All r
12、uns will have a minimum of two transverse and one longitudinal braces. A run is defined as any change in direction except as allowed by offsets.,Bracing of Ducts,Seismic supports are not required for HVAC ductwork when the Ip = 1.0 if either of the following conditions is met for the entire duct run
13、: Ducts are suspended from hangers 12 in. or less as measured from the top of the duct to the bottom of the support where,Bracing of Ducts,the hanger is attached. Hangers must be positively attached to the duct within 2 in. of the top of the duct with a minimum of two #10 sheet metal screws. Lateral
14、 motion will not cause damaging impact with other systems. Lateral motion will not cause loss of vertical support. Ducts have a cross-sectional area of 6 ft2 or less.,Bracing of Ducts,Transverse and longitudinal bracing per tables (Chapters 5, 6, 7 and 8). Ducts may be grouped. Select bracing requir
15、ements based on combined weight. Minimum of two sides to be attached to horizontal or vertical angles.,Bracing of Ducts,Wall penetrations may replace transverse brace. Solid blocking required.,Bracing of Pipes or Conduit,Brace fuel oil, and gas (such as, fuel gas, medical gas, and compressed air) as
16、 per local codes. Brace all pipes 3 inch nominal diameter or larger.,Bracing of Pipes - Conduit,Transverse and longitudinal bracing as per tables (Chapters 5, 6, 7 and 8). Provide joints/connections capable of accommodating seismic displacements where pipes pass through building seismic or expansion
17、 joints or where pipes connect to equipment with vibration isolators.,Bracing of Pipes - Conduit,Seismic supports are not required for piping systems where one of the following conditions is met: Piping is supported by rod hangers; hangers in the pipe run are 12 in. (305 mm) or less in length from t
18、he top of the pipe to the supporting structure;,Bracing of Pipes - Conduit,hangers are detailed to avoid bending of the hangers and their attachments; and provisions are made for piping to accommodate expected deflections. High-deformability piping is used; provisions are made to avoid impact with l
19、arger piping or mechanical,Bracing of Pipes - Conduit,components or to protect the piping in the event of such impact; and the following requirements are satisfied: For Seismic Design Categories D, E or F where Ip is greater than 1.0, the nominal pipe size shall be 1 in. (25 mm) or less.,Bracing of
20、Pipes - Conduit,For Seismic Design Category C, where Ip is greater than 1.0, the nominal pipe size shall be 2 in. (51 mm) or less. For Seismic Design Category D, E or F where Ip is equal to 1.0, the nominal pipe size shall be 3 in. (76 mm) or less.,Vertical risers not specifically engineered will be
21、 laterally supported with a riser clamp at each floor.,DEFINITIONS,TRANSVERSE BRACE - those designed and installed to restrain movement in the direction perpendicular to the piping or duct run,DEFINITIONS,LONGITUDINAL BRACE - those designed and installed to restrain movement in the direction paralle
22、l to the piping or duct run RUN (Piping or Duct) - a straight length with no changes in direction except as allowed by offsets,Elements of a Seismic Restraint,Brace Attachment to the Component Attachment to the Structure,Bracing Members,RIGID Angles Pipes Strut Channels,NON-RIGID Cables,Connection t
23、o the Element,Ducts Pipes,Connections to Ducts,The SMACNA Seismic Restraint Manual Contains 12 Different Details for Connecting to Ductwork, Rectangular and Round,FIGURE 4-2 SIDE BRACING FOR RECTANGULAR DUCTS,FIGURE 4-3 SIDE BRACING FOR RECTANGULAR DUCTS,FIGURE 4-4 CABLE SIDE BRACING FOR RECTANGULAR
24、 DUCTS,FIGURE 4-5 SIDE BRACING FOR RECTANGULAR DUCTS,FIGURE 4-6 CENTER BRACING FOR RECTANGULAR DUCTS,FIGURE 4-7 CABLE CENTER BRACING FOR RECTANGULAR DUCTS,FIGURE 4-8 FLOOR SUPPORTED DUCT,FIGURE 4-9 SINGLE HANGER SPACING FOR ROUND DUCTS33-36 INCHES (838-900 MM),FIGURE 4-10 SINGLE HANGER CABLE BRACING
25、 FOR ROUND DUCTS33-36 INCHES (838-900 MM),Connections to Piping/Conduit Systems,The SMACNA Seismic Restraint Manual Contains 10 Different Details for Connecting to Piping/Conduit Systems,FIGURE 4-13 TRANSVERSE BRACING FOR PIPES,FIGURE 4-14 STRUT BRACING FOR PIPES,FIGURE 4-16 LONGITUDINAL BRACING FOR
26、 PIPES,FIGURE 4-18 CABLE BRACING FOR PIPES,FIGURE 4-20 STRUT BRACING FOR PIPE TRAPEZE,FIGURE 4-21 CABLE BRACING FOR PIPE TRAPEZE,FIGURE 4-22 FLOOR SUPPORTED PIPES,Tables,Table 5-1 Side Bracing For Rectangular Ducts, SHL A, L=2 8 (MAX.),Table 5-2 Side Bracing For Rectangular Ducts With Rod Hangers, S
27、HL A,Table 5-6 Bracing For Round Ducts, SHL A,Table 5-7 Schedule For Bracing Pipes And Conduit, SHL A,Table 5-8 Schedule For Bracing Pipes On Trapeze, SHL A,Connection to the Structure,Connections to the Structure,The SMACNA Seismic Restraint Manual Contains 8 Levels for Connection into Concrete (2)
28、 1 Bolt Connection (3) 2 Bolt Connections (3) 4 Bolt Connections,Connections to the Structure,The SMACNA Manual Contains (6) Alternative Connections to Concrete (6) Details for Connection to Steel (3) Details for Connections to Wood,FIGURE 8-1 CONNECTIONS TO CONCRETE,Table 9-1 Schedule For Typical C
29、onnections To Structural Supporting Members,Miscellaneous Connections,Miscellaneous Connections,The SMACNA Manual contains: Specific Details on Various Connections Bracing for Hubless Cast Iron Pipe Riser Bracing for Hubless Pipes Seismic Joints in Pipes,Miscellaneous Connections,The SMACNA Manual c
30、ontains: Welded Tabs for Pipe Connections Stiffeners & Saddles at Pipe Clamps,FIGURE 8-2 ADJUSTABLE CONNECTIONS TO CONCRETE,FIGURE 8-4 ALTERNATE CONNECTIONS TO CONCRETE,FIGURE 8-6 CONNECTIONS TO CONCRETE FILL ON STEEL DECK,FIGURE 8-12 CONNECTIONS TO STEEL,FIGURE 9-5 CABLE END CONNECTION,FIGURE 9-10 RISER BRACING FOR HUBLESS PIPES,FIGURE 9-17 WELDED TABS,Other Resources,ASHRAE A Practical Guide to Seismic Restraint,