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1、2022届高考英语语法二轮复习精编讲义代词考点讲义01【精讲版】代词one用法知识点总结1.在正式文体中,one可用来泛指“人们”“任何人”(通常没有修饰语)。如:One can never be too careful.越仔细越好。One does not like to have his word doubted.谁都不愿意别人怀疑自己的话。One can travel to Holland by boat or by air.到荷兰去,可以坐船,也可以乘飞机。相应的所有格和反身代词可用ones和oneself,但在美国英语中常用his和himself代之。如:One must love
2、oneshiscountry.谁都必须爱国。Ones thinking directs ones actions.思想指导行为。One shouldnt be too hard on oneselfhimself.一个人不应该太难为自己。用one泛指“人们”是一种比较正式的用法,在口语或非正式文体中通常用you, people等。如:You cant be too careful, can you?小心为妙,可不是吗?You should not be forgetful of your responsibilities.人们不应该忽视自己的职责。2.用作替代词,可用于代替可数名词,但不能替代
3、不可数名词,用法如下:(1)使用时要注意分清是泛指还是特指:表泛指或非特指,直接用one,其前不用不定冠词。如:A fast train is one that goes fast.快车是一种行驶快的火车。This dictionary has several appendices, including one on irregular verbs.这部词典有几项附录,包括不规则动词附录。但是,若one的前面受到形容词的修饰,则其前必须要用不定冠词。如:Id like a cake. A big one with lots of cream.我想要一块蛋糕,一块带很多奶油的大蛋糕。His id
4、ea was such a good one that we all agreed to use it.他的想法是那样好,我们都决定采用。另外,要注意one与it的区别:one是泛指的,相当于“a+名词”;it是特指的,相当于“the+名词”。比较:I have lost my watch and I have to buy one.我的表不见了,我得再去买一只。I cant find my watch. Have you seen it?我的表找不到了,你看见了吗?表特指,可以直接使用one,但要在其前使用定冠词。如:He said he would have the one near hi
5、m.他说他要靠近他的那一个。The new road is far better than the old one.这条新路比旧路好走多了。Here are six rings. Pick out the one you like best.这里有6枚戒指,选出你最喜欢的一枚。此时要注意the one与it的区别:两者均用于替代表特指的单数名词,但the one原则上应有自己的修饰语(前置定语或后置定语),而it原则上不能带有自己的修饰语。(2)另外还要注意分清是单数还是复数:one只能用于替代单数可数名词,对于替代复数名词的用法,要注意以下几点:替代非特指的复数名词,通常不用ones,而用s
6、ome。如:If you have any interesting books, please lend me some.你若有什么有趣的书,请借我几本。It should be for all our children, not just some.这应该适用于我们所有的儿童,而不仅仅是某些孩子。但是,若所替代非特指复数名词本身带有修饰语(前置定语或后置定语),则可直接使用one的复数形式ones。如:Hard beds are healthier than soft ones.硬板床比软床有利于健康。On the average, male babies weigh more at bir
7、th than female ones.一般说来男婴出生时比女婴重。另外,要注意ones与them的区别:ones是非特指的,且通常会有定语修饰;them是特指的,相当于“the+复数名词”,本身原则上不能有定语修饰。比较:The chairs are too old, and I want to buy some new ones.这些椅子太旧了,我想买些新的。The chairs are too old, and I want to throw them away.这些椅子太旧了,我想把它们丢掉。替代表特指的复数名词,通常就用one的复数形式ones,同时注意在其前使用定冠词。如:Thes
8、e are the old classrooms. Those are the new ones.这些是旧教室,那些是新的。The children will carry the small boxes and the adults the large ones.孩子们搬小箱子,大人们搬大箱子。有时也可those来替代词表特指的复数名词,尤其是当其后有of引导的介词短语或who引导的定语从句时。如:His ideas are little different from those of his friends.他的想法和他朋友的想法没什么两样。Students who do well in e
9、xaminations are thosethe oneswho ask questions in class.考试成绩好的都是上课爱提问的学生。另外,要注意the ones与them的区别:两者均用于替代表特指的复数名词,但the ones原则上应有自己的修饰语(前置定语或后置定语),而them原则上不能带有自己的修饰语。(3)几点重要的补充说明当替代词one/ones紧跟在形容词最高级、序数词以及this, that, these, those, which, either, neither, another等限定词之后时,通常可以省略。如:I think my dogs the fast
10、est(one).我想我的狗是跑得最快的(一只)。Either(one)will suit me.(这两个里头)哪一个对我都合适。Lets have another(one).咱们再来一个吧。She looked at each(one)carefully before she chose.她仔细地看了看每一个,然后才挑选。A:Which(one)would you like?您要哪一个?B:That(one)looks the nicest.看起来那个最好。复数形式的ones之前一般不直接用名词所有格、物主代词、数词以及some, any, both, several, dozen, own
11、等词修饰。如:Take your coat and pass me mine.拿去你的外衣,把我的递给我。(不能说:pass me my one.)Have you got any drawing-pins? Can I borrow some please?你有图钉吗?我能借一些吗?(不能说:. some ones?)Do you have any new diaries?We dont any at the moment.你有没有新的日记本?我们眼下一本也没有了。(不能说:. any ones?)Do question 1 or question 2,but not both.第1题和第2
12、题选做一道,但不要两道都做。(不能说:. both ones.)He has three dictionaries and I have only two.他有3本词典,但我只有2本。(不能说:. two ones.)但是,如果ones前有描绘性形容词修饰,则可以使用上述词语。如:误:her ones/some ones/any ones/five ones/your own正:her red ones/some new ones/any old ones/five bad ones/your own nice ones在美国英语中,ones不能紧跟在these和those之后。但是在英国英语中可以这样用(也不常见)。