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1、强调结构强调是为了突出句中的某个成分而采用的一种修辞手段。被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语、同位语或各种状语。表示强调有多种结构或方式，这里仅介绍主要的几种。1 It is/was+被强调部分+that/who/whom这是一种常用强调结构，被强调的可以是多种句子成分，如主语、宾语等。注意，如果被强调的是人，可以用who/whom代替that。It is Christ that/who sends the kids to school everyday.每天送孩子们上学的是克里斯。(强调主语)It was Hemingways novel The Old and the Sea that the
2、boy wanted to read.这男孩想读的是海明威的小说老人与海。(强调宾语)It was not until after midnight that he heard of the accident.直到午夜后他才得到有关那个事故的消息。(强调时间状语)It was on the sports ground that she found the key.她是在操场上找到钥匙的。(强调地点状语)It is white that John will paint the windows.约翰将把窗户漆成白色。(强调宾语补足语)It was an interesting story that
3、 the teacher told them in the class yesterday.老师昨天在班上给他们讲的是一个有趣的故事。(强调间接宾语)It was nervously that he walked up the path towards the river.他提心吊胆地沿着小道向河边走去。(强调方式状语)提示引导词 that，who在非正式文体中可省。强调主语时，that，who后的谓语动词在人称和数上要同句中主语保持一致。It was yesterday(that)_I received the letter.我昨天才收到那封信。It is I that/who am res
4、ponsible for it. 该对此事负责的是我。在时态方面，原句为现在时，强调句就用现在时或将来时，原句为过去时，强调句就用过去时。It must have been Jack that made a mess in the sitting room.把起居室弄得乱七八糟的一定是杰克。It might be Nick that will break the world record.打破世界纪录的可能是尼克。这种强调结构的一般疑问式为：Is/Was + it+被强调部分+that+句子，特殊疑问式为：特殊疑问词+is/was +it+ that+句子。Was it on this isl
5、and that he found the rare bird?那种珍稀鸟类他是在这个岛上发现的吗？When was it that Emily graduated from Harvard University?埃米莉是什么时候从哈佛大学毕业的？Who was it that saved the drowning child?是谁救了那个落水的孩子？4勿混淆强调句型与其他从句。比较：It was slowly that she drove the car into the yard.慢慢地，她把车开进了院子里。(强调句型)It is a fact that he didnt read the
6、 letter. 他没读那封信，这是事实。(that引导同位语从句)It is a fact that worried them all.这是一个使他们都很忧心的事实。(that 引导定语从句)Its ten years since I last saw her.自我上次见到她已经10年了。(since 引导状语从句)2 whatever 等whatever, whenever, wherever, whichever, whoever, whomever, however 等词可以表示强调，意为“究竟，到底”。Wherever did you get that idea?那个念头你究竟是从哪
7、儿来的？Whatever/what ever did the king say to his son that night?国王那天晚上到底跟他的儿子说了些什么呢？However did the hunter climb out of the cave?猎人究竟是怎样从洞穴中爬出来的呢？Whoever would do such a thing like that to an old lady?究竟是谁会对一个老太太做出那样的事？Whichever language are you best at, English, French or Russian?你到底最擅长哪种语言，英语、法语还是俄语
8、？3 on earth 等on earth, the hell, in the world, the devil, the Dickens 等可以放在特殊疑问词后，用作强调，表示“究竟，到底”等。What on earth did you do that for?你做那件事究竟为了什么？Where the hell have you been?你刚才到底上哪儿去了？What in the world were you doing here at ten last night?昨天夜里10点钟你究竟在这里干什么？What the Dickens is the matter with her?她到
9、底是怎么回事？Where the devil are you hiding the book?你到底把那本书藏到哪里了？4 do 表示的强调“do/does/did+动词原形”可以表示强调，这时do 要重读，只有一般现在时和一般过去时两种形式，无疑问、否定形式。这种结构的强调多用于祈使句中。Do have some more tea. 请再多喝点茶。Do come in and have a rest.请快进来休息一下。Do be more cautious later on. 今后务必更谨慎些。Do let me have a look.就请让我看看吧。I really do think I
10、 am right.我的确认为我是对的。He did shut the door before he went to bed.他睡前确实关上了门。He said he would come and did come. 他说他要来，他果真来了。She does go shopping every Sunday.她的确每个星期天都去购物。A little knowledge does seem to be a dangerous thing.一知半解看来确实危险。5 Whatis/was和Whatdoes/did这种结构强调谓语等。What I am going to tell you is th
11、at people here are better off than they were ten years ago.我将要告诉你的是，这里人民的生活比10年前好多了。What the manager did this morning was to interview some American scholars.经理今天上午接见了一些美国学者。6 good and等“good and, nice and, lovely and, fine and, sweet and +形容词或副词”是一种强调表示法，相当于very/completely+形容词/副词。Ill do it when Im g
12、ood and ready.我完全准备好了就会做的。The examination was nice and easy.那次考试挺容易的。The car is going nice and fast.这辆车跑得挺快的。The bread is lovely and fresh.这面包新鲜极了。The report is good and short. 这个报告挺简短的。The room is lovely and cosy.这房间非常温暖舒适。The boy is good and naughty.这男孩很淘气。The policeman hit him nice and hard.警察狠狠地
13、揍了他。She opened the package good and carefully.她非常小心地打开包裹。The baby looks nice and healthy.这婴儿看上去很健康。7 其他形式的强调某些单词、倒装结构、there bedoing结构等也可以表示强调。He couldnt even see the road ahead. 他甚至连前面的路都看不见。(单词)You can borrow only one book at a time.你一次只能借一本书。(单词)Only when he returned home did he realize what had h
14、appened. 他回到家才意识到发生了什么事。(倒装结构)Faint grew the sound of the bell.钟声渐渐变弱了。(倒装结构)Not a single book did he read that month.他那个月一本书也没读。(倒装结构)Its been years since I enjoyed myself so much.我已有很多年没有那样痛快过了。(It is/has beensince 结构)There are some women quarreling outside in the street.有几个妇女在外面的大街上争吵。(there bedo
15、ing结构)It is a fact that our country has experienced great changes in the last twenty years.我们国家在过去20年中发生了翻天覆地的变化，这是不争的事实。(同位语从句)分隔结构有时，为达到某种修辞效果，避免修饰语过长而使句子失衡，头重脚轻，把本应放在一起的两个或多个成分分隔开来，这就称为分隔结构。分隔结构主要有下面几种情况。1 主语和谓语分隔Conditions, to be frank, are not yet ripe for it.坦率地说，做这件事条件还不成熟。The castle, surroun
16、ded by high walls, was little known to the outside world.那座城堡四周是高高的围墙，鲜为外界知晓。He is the only man alive that I believe can tell us the secret.我相信他就是能告诉我们那个秘密的唯一健在的人。Many countries, for example, Mexico and Japan, have a lot of earthquakes.许多国家，例如墨西哥和日本，经常发生地震。The school, as far as I know,is surrounded
17、by the most beautiful countryside.据我所知，那所学校四周是非常美丽的乡村。He built a factory in the remote town, which he was sure would greatly benefit the local people.他在那个偏远的小城建了一家工厂，相信一定会造福于当地人。2 动词和宾语分隔They moved into the new house every stick of furniture they had.他们把自己的每一件家具都搬进了新房子里。She grows in the garden some
18、of the most beautiful flowers in the world.她在花园里种了一些世界上最美的花。You should know when you do it that the consequences will be serious. 你应该知道，这样做后果将是严重的。3 定语和修饰语分隔An agreement has been reached between both parties about the sales of agricultural products in the country.双方已达成一项关于农产品在该国销售的协议。The time has co
19、me to make the final decision.做最后决定的时候到了。The cake was stale that you sold me.你卖给我的蛋糕不新鲜了。The problem then arose of how we can get enough money to help those handicapped children to go to school.然后产生了问题，我们怎样才能弄到足够的钱来帮助残疾儿童上学。Every possible means has been tried by them to reduce the cost.为了降低成本，他们已经采取
20、了一切可能的手段。Its the first book Ive read on American history.这是我读过的第一本关于美国历史的书。The story is told of his great success in business in Africa.传说他在非洲经商获得了巨大成功。I have a picture of a waterfall by a famous American painter which I bought years ago.我有一幅一位著名美国画家画有瀑布的画，购于数年前。4 介词和宾语分隔He is angry about,to tell th
21、e truth,the decision to close the school.说实话，他对关闭这所学校感到气愤。It is bad for,in my opinion,the children to read such books.我认为孩子们读这样的书不利于成长。5 先行词和同位语分隔The news spreads far and wide that China will launch a spaceship soon.中国不久将发射宇宙飞船的消息广为流传。An order came from the headquarters that we should get to the air
22、port before dawn.司令部来了一道命令，我们要在天亮前到达机场。The day will come when he realizes his ambition of becoming a pilot.总有一天他会实现当一名飞行员的抱负的。插入语结构在英语句子的中间或末尾，插入一个与该句句义无直接关系的单词、词组或句子，这个插入的部分叫做插入语。插入语的功能在于表达句子中间的某种递进、顺序、承接关系，作者对某一问题的解释、评述、总结，或者作者对某一问题的看法、态度。插入语位于句子中间时，前后通常有逗号隔开。1 使用插入语的4种情况1-1 短语用作插入语通常作插入语的短语有：to t
23、ell you the truth(老实说)，for example(例如)，in fact(事实上)，if possible(如有可能)，if ever(即使有),strange to say (说来奇怪)，by the way (顺便问/提一下)，in other words(换句话说)，in another word (换句话说)，believe it or not(信不信由你)， so to speak,to make the matter worse, to be sure, to speak candidly, to be frank with you,to be brief,to
24、 make a long story short, needless to say, to return to the subject, judging from, talking of, to ones surprise/joy，disappointment/sorrow, on the whole, worst of all, worse still, on the contrary, last but not least,most important of all,most curious of all, strictly speaking,in a word等。Strictly spe
25、aking,he is not qualified.严格说来，他不称职。To my satisfaction,he has solved the problem at last.令我满意的是，他最终解决了那个问题。Believe it or not,his discovery has created a stir in scientific circles.信不信由你，他的发现在科学界引起了震动。Jack is good,kind, hard-working and intelligent;in a word, I cant speak too highly of him.杰克人好、善良、勤奋
26、又聪明；总之，我再怎么赞扬他也不过分。She seldom,if ever, sees such fine scenery.即使有的话，她也很少看到这么美丽的风景。To tell you the truth, the envelope had been torn open before I got it.说句实话，在我收到信之前信封已被撕开了。In fact, he is not equal to the task.事实上，他并不胜任这项任务。Many countries, for example, Japan and Mexico，have a lot of earthquakes.许多国家
27、，例如日本和墨西哥，经常发生地震。1-2 陈述句用作插入语通常作插入语的句子有：I think(我想)，I believe(我相信)，I hear(我听说), I am afraid(恐怕)，you know(你是知道的)，I suppose (我猜想)，it seems to me(我觉得)，it is said (据说)， as far as I know(据我所知)，if you like(如果你喜欢的话)，what is more (而且)， Im sure (我确信)，I guess (我猜想)，I see(我明白)，I say(我说)，you see (你明白)， you gues
28、s (你猜),that is to say (也就是)，as far as I can remember(就我所能记得的)，as I expected (正如我所期望的)，what is worse(更糟的是)等。He is, I think, the greatest writer in the world.我想，他是世界上最伟大的作家。Her mother,it seems, is over fifty.她母亲好像有50多岁了。That is, as far as I know, not what he really wants.据我所知，那不是他真正想要的。You may,if you
29、like, keep the book.如果你喜欢的话，可以保留这本书。It sounds silly,I know, but try it anyway.我知道这听起来很愚蠢，但无论如何试一试吧。He learns easily, and what is more, he remembers what he has learnt.他容易学会，而且学过的全记得。He is the only person I can find who can settle the dispute.他是我能找到的唯一能解决这个争端的人。1-3 一般疑问句用作插入语在特殊疑问句中，常用do you think/kn
30、ow/believe/imagine/guess/suppose/consider/say这类一般疑问句结构作插入语，这时，特殊疑问句要用陈述语序。How old do you guess she is?你猜她多大了？Who is this man?(do you think)Who do you think this man is?(正)你认为这个人是谁？Who do you think is the man? (误)What will she do? (do you suppose)What do you suppose she will do?(正)你想她会做什么？What do you
31、 suppose will she do?(误)How much money did he spend in travelling abroad? (did he say)How much money did he say he spent in travelling abroad?(正)他说他在国外旅行花了多少钱？How much money did he say did he spend in traveling abroad?(误)1-4 副词用作插入语honestly和frankly等副词也可用作插入语。Honestly, I dont know what youre talking about.说实在的，我不知道你在讲些什么。Frankly, I was pleased to leave. 老实说，我乐意离开。提示下面两句均正确：你知道谁负责调查吗？Do you know who is in charge of the investigation?Who do you know is in charge of the investigation?