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1、阅读理解长难句分析建议10（附重点词汇用法）-2022届高考英语二轮复习长难句1：Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C. newcomers and localslooking to experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort.译文：无论上午还是下午，无论是初来乍到的人还是当地居民，如果想要以一种健康舒适的方式感受华盛顿，骑车游览是最佳选择。分析：looking to .作newcomers and locals的后置
2、定语。指望，期望长难句2：Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history.译文：在导游不时驻足讲解相关史实时，游客们可以拍摄照相。分析：英语多用名词，汉语多用动词，体会英汉思维的差异。长难句3：Homelessness had taken every material thing from me and left me torn bare, an empty page at the end of a partly written book.译文：无家可归使我一无所有，就
3、像是一本没写完的书稿的末页，白纸一张。分析：此处的partly written book，用来比喻主人公的人生。而empty page at the end of代表了主人公一无所有的后半段人生。长难句4：However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months,more than 25,000 people were using it every day.译文：然而，这条铁路很快证明是巨大的成功，在6个月内，每天有2.5万多人使用它。点拨：prove：= turn out证明是，被发现是(此
4、处为系动词，不用被动)success：成功的事长难句5：People of all ages happily walk along the pavement with eyes and hands glued to the mobile phone, quite unawareof what is going on around them.译文：走在人行道上的各个年龄段的人，都开心地盯着手上的手机，完全不在意周围发生的一切。分析：with的复合结构和quite unaware of .均作状语。点拨：people of all ages：不同年龄的人be glued to sth：盯着某物qu
5、ite unawareof：不知道，没有意识到长难句6：Its about time they had to be registered and insured, so when they do hit a pedestrian or a vehicle, or cause an accident, at least they can be traced and there might be an opportunity to claim.译文：是时候要求他们注册和上保险了，这样一来，一旦他们撞到行人或车辆，或引起事故，至少可以查明真相，并有机会提出索赔。分析：在Its (high / abo
6、ut)time后的从句中，谓语常用过去时或should +动词原形(should不可省略)。点拨：claim：索赔trace：追查；find / track长难句7：The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “DriveLAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older driversand to discover where the key st
7、ress points are.译文：纽卡斯尔大学(Newcastle University)的智能交通团队将一辆电动汽车改造成了一个名为Drive LAB的移动实验室，以了解年长司机面临的挑战，并发现关键的压力点在哪里。分析：本句的谓语动词是have turned，in order to understand.和to discover是并列的两个目的状语，faced by older drivers作the challenges的后置定语，where the key stress points are作discover的宾语。长难句8：Research shows that giving u
8、p driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among olderpeople, leading to them becoming more isolated and inactive.译文：研究表明，放弃驾驶是老年人健康状况和幸福水平下降的主要原因之一，这使得他们变得更加与世隔绝和缺乏活力。分析：that引导宾语从句，宾语从句中giving up driving作主语,leading to .作伴随状语。点拨：a fall in health：健康状况下降lead to sb doing st
9、h：导致某人做某事(同result in sb doing sth)长难句9：Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life.译文：在菲尔布莱斯教授的带领下，纽卡斯尔大学的研究小组正在为年龄较大的司机开发车载技术，以帮助他们继续驾驶到晚年。分析：led by Professor Phil Blyth
10、e作句子的状语，其和句子主语the Newcastle team之间是被动关系，故用过去分词；which引导定语从句修饰先行词in-vehicle technologies。点拨：develop：研制，开发in-vehicle technology：车载技术later life：晚年长难句10：We found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined
11、.译文：我们发现在限速每小时30英里的区域，老年人很难保持恒定的速度，因此更有可能超速，面临被罚款的风险。点拨：struggle to do sth：极力/努力/挣扎着做某事(struggle英语释义to try very hard to do sth when it is difficult or when there are a lot of problems)长难句11：While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars (and rightfully so), policym
12、akersalso should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options.译文：尽管到目前为止，大多数争论都集中在无人驾驶汽车的安全性上(理应如此)，决策者们也应该讨论自动驾驶汽车如何帮助减少交通堵塞、减少排放以及提供更方便更经济的出行选择。分析：本句是一个主从复合句，while引导让步状语从句，主句的谓语为should be talking about
13、。how引导宾语从句作about的宾语。点拨：while：尽管，虽然debate：讨论；discussion (debate为正式用语)rightfully：合法地，正确地mobility：移动性(mobility options出行选择)长难句12：Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesnt extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation syste
14、m we have today.译文：政策制定者现在应该开始考虑，如何保证无人驾驶汽车的出现不会扩大当今以汽车为主导的交通系统中最消极的方面。分析：make sure后接宾语从句，该从句中we have today是定语从句，修饰先行词system。点拨：the appearance of：同义异构 的出现，到来；the arrivalof(见Para. 2)长难句13：The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systemsdes
15、igned to move more people, and more affordably.译文：即将到来的技术进步为各城市和各州的交通系统发展提供了机会，这种交通系统可以让更多的人更经济地出行。分析：designed to move more people, and more affordably为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰systems。点拨：present：提供(由基本义“呈上”到衍生义“提供”)长难句14：One more look andhe noticed flamesshooting out from under the disabledvehicle.译文：他又看了一眼，发
16、现那辆不能开动的汽车下面冒出了火焰。one more look：又看了一眼(one more 再来一个；one more chance再多一次机会one more minute再多一分钟)shoot：(使)快速移动，喷出，射出长难句15：Eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.译文：针对这些禁令，塑料袋生产商
17、聘用像斯坦这样的科学家来证明他们生产的塑料袋对地球的损害并不像大多数人认为的那样糟糕。分析：Eyeing these headwinds是现在分词短语作状语，that their products . assume是同位语从句，解释说明case。点拨：eye：词类活用审视，细看(因本文是议论文，用词比较正式，如prohibit, assume, purchase, require等)headwind：逆风(文中指塑料袋禁令)case：理由，论据长难句16：Theycall on people and the government to take measuresto fight against
18、 it.译文：他们呼吁人们和政府采取措施应对光污染。点拨：call on sb to do sth：呼吁某人做某事take measures to do sth：采取措施做某事长难句17：They worry that exposure tolight whilesleeping canincrease a persons chances of getting cancer.译文：他们担心睡觉时暴露在光线下会增加患癌的风险。点拨：exposure to：暴露于，接触到increase a persons chances of getting cancer：增加人们患癌的风险(chance：熟词
19、生义风险)长难句18：We may think were a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new.译文：我们或许会认为自己是这样的一个文化群体：一看见新科技产品就会扔掉我们在用的现有产品。点拨：get rid of：丢弃at the first sight of：一看见(就)长难句19：According to the analysis of Babbitts team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with c
20、athode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions (排放) more thandoubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.译文：Babbitt的团队分析显示，旧台式电脑显视器和CRT电视机是最糟糕的电器，(因为)在1992年到2007年期间，它们的能耗和温室气体排放量翻了一倍还多。点拨：contribution to：对的促成作用长难句20：They found that more
21、on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.译文：他们发现，多在平板电脑上点播观看娱乐节目比用电视和台式电脑观看能减少44%的能源消耗。点拨：on-demand：应顾客要求即可提供的长难句21：The environmental challenges are significant but the efforts made by the TanzaniaNational Park Authority seem
22、 to be paying off.译文：虽然环境保护的难度巨大，但是坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局为之所做的努力似乎正见成效。点拨：payoff:成功；奏效长难句22：Does Kilimanjaro deserve its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace？译文：乞力马扎罗山该得到人满为患，安静被破坏这样一个名声吗？分析：a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of p
23、eace中with为with复合结构作mountain的后置定语，在这个结构中，tourists和ruin之间为主动的关系，因此用了ruining。点拨：deserve the reputation:名不虚传；实至名归长难句23：Scientists have responded by noting that hungry bears may be congregating around human settlements, leading to the illusion that populations are higher than they actually are.译文：对此，科学家们
24、的回应是，饥饿的北极熊可能聚集在人类居住地附近，导致人们产生一种错觉，认为它们的数量比实际数量要多。分析：本句中有两个that引导的从句，第一个that引导宾语从句，作noting的宾语；第二个that引导同位语从句，解释说明the illusion。点拨：note 指出长难句24：A nervous nightto be sure, but sometimes the spirits of naturesmile on us all!译文：不可否认，这是一个紧张的夜晚，但是，有时候大自然还是会青睐我们的。长难句25：Once they arrive, the tables are turne
25、d. The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.译文：它们(这些昆虫)刚一到，局势就反转了。正在吃午餐的昆虫变成了(它们天敌的)午餐。点拨：turn the table：扭转局势turn the tables源于西洋双陆棋(backgammon)。在中古英语里，这种游戏被简称为“tables”。两边下棋的对手在一局结束后，必须转到桌子的另一边和对方交换位置，用意是给输的一方绝对公平的机会去扭转局面，反败为胜。因此turn the tables的精准汉语释义为“扭转局面；反败为胜”。lunch：用午餐长难句26：Nicholas might
26、not have survived this snowstormhad it not been for TV.译文：要不是电视，尼古拉斯就不会从暴风雪中活下来。分析：本句为虚拟条件句，省略了引导从句的连词if，从句中使用部分倒装，即应将谓语中的were, had或should移到主语前。长难句27：El Nio, a Spanish term for “the Christ child,”was named by South American fishermen who noticed that the global weather pattern, which happens every t
27、wo to seven years, reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas.译文：厄尔尼诺，西班牙语里表示“圣婴(从降生到12岁时的基督)”，是由南美洲的渔民命名。渔民们注意到这一全球气候类型每两到七年发生一次，届时，在圣诞前后，渔民所捕获的鱼会大量减少。分析：该句是一个复合句，who noticed that the global weather pattern是一个限制性定语从句，修饰先行词South American fishermen；which happens every two to seven years是一个非
28、限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the global weather pattern。长难句28：El Nio sees warm water, collected over several years in the western Pacific, flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken, or sometimes the other way round.译文：厄尔尼诺发生时，东风减弱或刮起西风，聚集在西太平洋多年的暖流向东回流。分析：collected over several years in the
29、 western Pacific为过去分词短语作定语，that normally blowwestwards为定语从句，修饰先行词winds。长难句29：According to the Overseas Development Institute (ODI), however, just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance, rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards.This is despi
30、te evidence that a dollar spent on risk-reduction saves at least two on reconstruction.译文：然而，根据海外发展研究所(ODI)的数据，在过去20年里，只有12%的救灾资金用于提前降低风险，而不是在事后进行恢复和重建。尽管有证据表明，用一美元于降低风险至少可以在重建中节省两美元。disaster-relief funding：赈灾基金go on (ahead)：先走一步，先行(go on doing sth in advance)长难句30：Though the relationship may not be
31、causal, helping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed bykilling and wounding people.译文：虽然这种关系可能不是因果关系，但帮助分裂的社区为灾难做准备至少会降低灾难发生后造成人员伤亡的风险。分析：这是一个主从复合句，主句的主语是动名词短语helping divided communities to prepare for disasters，that引导一个同位语从句修饰先行词the risk。点拨：causal：因果关系的(cause + -al)divided：(团体或组织)分裂的；有分歧的