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1、习语及四字格的翻译,英语的习语（idioms）就其广义而言，包括俗语（colloquialism），谚语（proverbs），俚语（slang）等等。 习语的英译汉有三种主要方法：（一）直译法；（二）汉语同义习语的套用法；（三）意译法。,一、直译法,所谓直译就是在不违背译文语言规范以及不引起错误的联想的条件下，在译文中保留英语习语的比喻、形象和民族、地方色彩的方法。有时尽管英语习语的比喻、形象对汉语读者可能比较生疏，但由于它在一定的上下文中具有强烈的政治意义，或有明显的西方民族、地方、历史等色彩，所以也应采用保留原文表达方式的直译法。,To fight to the last man 战斗到最
2、后一人 To break the record 打破记录 Under ones nose 在某人的鼻子底下 Armed to the teeth 武装到牙齿,Packed like sardines 挤得像沙丁鱼罐头 A die-hard 死硬派 A gentlemans agreement 君子协定 An olive branch 橄榄枝 The Trojan horse 特洛伊木马,The heel of Achilles 阿基里斯得脚踵 The sword of Damocles 悬挂在达摩克里斯头顶上的剑 The most-favored-nation clause 最惠国待遇 The
3、 cold war/ the hot war 冷战，热战,A cat has nine lives. 猫有九命. Blood is thicker than water. 血浓于水。 Barking dogs do not bite. 吠犬不咬人。 A rolling stone gathers no moss. 滚石不生苔。,二、汉语同义习语的套用法,有的英语习语和汉语同义习语在内容和形式上都相符合，双方不但有相同的意义和修辞色彩，并且有相同的或大体相同的形象比喻。在英译汉时我们如遇到这样的情况，不妨直截了当地套用汉语同义习语。,（一）完全相同,To praise to the skies
4、捧上天去 To fish in trouble waters 混水摸鱼 To add fuel to the fire 火上加油,To be on thin ice 如履薄冰 Walls have ears. 隔墙有耳。 Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。,（二）大体相同,A drop in the ocean 沧海一粟 To laugh off ones head 笑掉牙齿 To shed crocodile tears 猫哭老鼠 To be out at elbows 捉襟见肘,To spend money like water 挥金如土 At sixe
5、s and sevens 七颠八倒；乱七八糟 Six of one and half a dozen of the other 半斤八两 One boy is a boy, two boys half a boy, three boys no boy. 一个和尚挑水喝，两个和尚抬水喝，三个和尚没水喝。,三、意译法,如果不可能或没有必要用直译法保留英语习语的表达形式，并且在汉语中也找不到合适的同义习语套用，就得用意译法配合上下文把英语习语的含义表达出来。,The teenagers dont invite Bob to their parties because he is a wet blan
6、ket. 一个令人扫兴的人 Among so many well-dressed and cultured people, the country girl felt like a fish out of water. 很不自在,All right, I blame myself. But its the last time. We were cats paws, thats all. 得了，怪我自己瞎了眼。可是我再也不干啦。我们上了人家的当，没别的。 To break the ice, Ted spoke of his interest in mountain climbing, and t
7、hey soon had a conversation going. 为了打破沉默，特德说自己对爬山有兴趣，这样他们很快就交谈起来。,She was born with a silver spoon; she thinks she can do what she likes. 她生长在富贵人家，认为凡是都可随心所欲。 But the die was cast, he could not go back. 但事已决定，不容反悔。,注意文化的差异,Two heads are better than one. 三个臭皮匠，顶个诸葛亮。 一人不及两人智。 To carry coals to Newca
8、stle 运煤到纽卡索，多此一举。,习语的缩略形式,Jack of all trades and master of none Jack of all trades If you run after two hares, you will catch neither. To run after two hares It is no use crying over split milk. To cry over spilt milk,When he dined with his sister that evening, Madeline helped herself to a cigarette
9、 from his pack on the table, and lit and smoked it inexpertly. His defiant, self-satisfied, somewhat pathetic air made Warren laugh. “When the cats away, hey?” he said. 他和他妹妹那天一起吃晚饭的时候，梅德琳从桌上他的烟盒里取了一支香烟，点了火，不太在行地抽了起来。他那种倔强的、自满的、有点惹人爱怜的神气引得华伦哈哈大笑。“猫不在了，嘿！”他说道。,“Well, its the old story of the stitch i
10、n time, ” he said. “Your politicos could have got the weird little bastard with no trouble early on, but they didnt. Now they have problems” 嘿，还是那句老话：“及时缝一针，可以省掉九针，”他说。“你的那班政客要是早下手，本来可以轻而易举地把这个不可思议的小杂种干掉的，可是他们不动手。现在他们遇到难题了”,注意四字格的措辞,This airplane is small, cheap, pilotless. 这种飞机小巧玲珑，价廉物美，无人驾驶。 这种飞机体
11、积不大，价格便宜，无人驾驶。 It was a chilly day in early spring. 这是早春二月，乍暖还寒的日子。 在初春一个寒冷的日子。,We found him lying on his back on the lawn. 我们发现他在草地上袒腹高卧。 我们发现他仰卧在草地上。 When they met again, each had already been married to another. 他们重新见面时，一个已是“使君有妇”，一个已是“罗敷有夫”了。 他们重新见面时，一个已是有妇之夫，一个已是有夫之妇。,练习,To take French leave A stony heart At ones fingertips To have a hand like a foot To return good for evil To shut ones eyes against To talk black into white,To turn a deaf ear to To face the music Plain sailing To be dead drunk Laugh and grow fat To look for a needle in a haystack A leap in the dark To show ones colors,