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1、1 虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)这一语法项目是各类英语考试中心测试的重点之一。虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气.判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。通常有三种情况：与过去事实相反。与现在事实相反。与将来事实可能相反I:最基本的虚拟语气句型:1.虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设，其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过去式(be 一般
2、用 were)，主句用would/should/could/might+动词原形。If places were a like,there would be little need for geographers.如果各个地方都一样，就不需要地理学家了。2.虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设，if 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时即 had过去分词，主句用would/should/could/might+have+过去分词。If he had known your address yesterday,he would have telephoned you.3.虚拟将来时是表示对将来实现的可能性很小
3、的或不确定的假设。If 从句的谓语形式用一般过去式或用were to/should+动词原形，主句用would/should/could/might+动词原形。If he were to leave today,he would get there by Friday 4.省略 if 采用倒装语序的条件句。有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或 have 的虚拟条件句中的连词if 省去，而将 had,should,were 等词提到主语之前，即用倒装结构。Had he worked harder,he would have got through the exams.Were he to le
4、ave today,he would get there by Friday.Were I in your place,I wouldnt do that 5.有时虚拟条件句并没来if 从句表示出来，而是用介词短语(otherwise,or,without,but for)、上下文或其它方式来表示。We didnt know his telephone number;otherwise we would have telephoned him.Without you help,I wouldnt have achieved so much.But for your help,I would n
5、ot have succeeded.II:虚拟语气在从句中用should 的情况:1.在建议,要求,命令,想法后的动词后的从句里,用 should+动词原形,should 可以省略.如 advise,agree,command,decide,demand,determine,grant,indicate,insist,order,prefer,propose,request,require,stipulate,suggest,urge,vote.常考到的是:suggest,advise,demand,require,propose,insist,order,request.His doctor
6、 suggested that he(should)take short leave of absence.The author proposed that TV(should)be turned off at least one hour every day.2.在建议,要求,命令,想法后的名词后的从句里,用 should+动词原形,should 可以省略.如 advice,agreement,command,decision,decree,demand,determination,indication,insistence,order,preference,proposal,request
7、,requirement,stipulation etc.It was Bills suggestion that everyone(should)have a map.名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 1 页，共 7 页 -2 His suggestion was that everyone(should)have a map.He gave us a suggestion that everyone(should)have a map.3.在 It is/was+形容词后的 that 从句中用 should 的结构,should 可以省略.这类形容词常见的有:advisab
8、le,anxious,compulsory,crucial,desirable,eager,essential,fitting,imperative(绝对必要),impossible,improper,important,natural,necessary,obligatory,possible,preferable,probable,recommended,urgent,vital etc.Its natural that she(should)do so.It is essential that we(should)tell her the news.4.在 lest 和 for fear
9、 that(以免),in case(以防)从句中用 should,should 可以省略.She walked quietly lest she(should)wake up her roommates.Have your gun ready in case we should need it.III:wish 后的that 从句中:1.表示现在或将来的愿望,从句中过去式.I wish I knew his address.I wish I were young.2.表示过去没有实现或不可能实现的愿望,从句用过去完成式或would,could,might+have+过去分词.I wish yo
10、u had written to him.I wish I could have slept longer this morning,but I had to get up and come to class.3.如果将 wish 改成 wished,其后 that 从句中的动词形式不变.4.如果 that 从句中用 would,一般表示对现状不满或希望未来有所改变或请求I wish he would answer my letter.I wish prices would come down.I wish you would help me.I wish you would stop ask
11、ing silly questions.IV:在 Its about/high/first(second,third etc)time 后的 that 从句中,用过去式.表示“该是做什么的时候了”It is about time you were in bed.It is high time we left.It is the first time I came here.V:在 would rather,would sooner,would just as soon 后的 that 从句中,用过去式或过去完成式,表示”宁愿做什么”I would rather he came tomorrow
12、 than today.John would rather that she had not gone to the party yesterday evening.VI:在 if only 感叹句中,谓语动词与wish 宾语从句的虚拟形式相同.If only he didnt drive so fast!(现在)If only she had asked someones advice.(过去)If only the rain would stop.(将来)名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 2 页，共 7 页 -3 VII:在 as if/as though 从句中,表示和现
13、在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑,用过去式;表示过去想象中的动作或情况,用过去完成式.He speaks as if he were on the spot.She spoke to me as if I were deaf.This device operated as though it had been repaired.注:1.在 as if/as though 句中,如果有可能成为事实,用陈述语气.He looks as if he is going to be ill.2.在 insist 后的从句中,如果是坚持自己,用陈述语气,坚持别人做什么事情,用虚拟语气.she insists
14、 that she is right.she insisted that I should finish the work at once.错综 时间 的虚拟句通常情况下,在非真实条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间 是一致的,但有时也可能指不同的时间,这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式.If I were you,I would have taken his advice.(从句指现在,主句指过去)。换成我是你，我就会听从他的建议。If I had taken my raincoat with me this morning,I would not be wet now.(从句指过
15、去,主句指现在)。如果我今天早上带了雨衣，现在就不会被淋湿了。If we hadnt been working hard in the past few years,things wouldn t be going so smoothly.（从句指过去，主句指现在）。如果过去几年里不努力工作，现在的情况就不会如此顺利了。If the weather had been more favorable,the crops would be growing still better.（从句指过去，主句指现在）。如果当时的天气更好点，现在的庄稼就会长得更好。If we had not got every
16、thing ready by now,we should be having a more terrible time tomorrow.（从句指现在，主句指将来）如果现在一切还没准备好，明天情况就更糟了。三、含蓄条件句有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来,二是暗含在上下文中,比如通过介词短语来表示。这些介词常是：but for,without,otherwis 等。如：But for your advice,I could not have done it so successfully.如果不是听了你的建议，我就不会做的如此成功。The change could not have take
17、n place without the open-door policy.没有开放的政策，就不会有如此大的变化。I was so busy then,Otherwise,I would have told him the answer.我当时很忙，否则，我就会把答案 告诉他的。四、虚拟语气在某些从句中的应用1、wish 后的宾语从句（would rather(sooner)后也是如此）I would rather they came tomorrow.我宁愿他们明天来。How I wish it wasn t raining now.如果现在不下雨该多好呀！I wish I had not b
18、een to yesterdays party.我要不去参加昨天的宴会就好了！但 would rather 后没有主语则应使用零不定式.名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 3 页，共 7 页 -4 英语语法虚拟语气专项练习一、单项选择:1.If I had had enough time,I_ my work.A.would finishB.must have finishedC.would have finishedD.had finished 2.Ten minutes earlier,they _ the plane.A.will catchB.would catchC.w
19、ould have caughtD.will have caught 3.Mr Green requires that the students _ a composition every other week.A.writeB.writenC.would writeD.will write 4.Had he studied hard,he_ the exam.A.would passB.could passC.had passed D.would have passed 5.I wish I _ what is happening there in his room.A.knowB.know
20、nC.knewD.should know 6.It is important that you _ sports every day.A.haveB.would haveC.must haveD.will have 7.If there were no water in the world,everything _.A.will dieB.would dieC.would have diedD.would have been dead 8._ what was going to happen,I would never have left her alone.A.Had I knownB.If
21、 I knowC.If I knewD.If had I known 9.He ordered that the work _ right away.A.should finishB.finishedC.would be finishedD.be finished 10.Shall we go to the movie tonight?No,Id rather _ at home with our baby.Youd better not leave it to the babysitter at night.A.you stayedB.you stayC.stayedD.stay 11._
22、in your position,I would help him.A.Was IB.Were IC.If I amD.If I had been 12.I _,but I was stopped by the heavy rain.A.mean to comeB.meant to comeC.had meant to comeD.meant coming 13.Mrs Black insists_ in that old hotel.A.not to stayB.not stayingC.staying notD.that she not stay 名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整
23、理-第 4 页，共 7 页 -5 14.If you had spoken clearly,you would_.A.understand itB.have understoodC.be understoodD.have been understood 15.If you _ that late movie last night,you wouldnt be so sleepy.A.havent watchedB.hadnt watchedC.didnt watchD.wouldnt have watched 16.The foreign friend speaks Chinese so we
24、ll as if he _ a Chinese.A.isB.beC.should beD.was 17.If he _,he_ that food.Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.A.was warned;would not take B.would be warned;had not taken C.had been warned;would not have taken D.would have been warned;had not taken 18.Without electronic computers,much of
25、todays advanced technology _ achieved.A.will not beB.would not beC.would not have beenD.cannot have been二、用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空:1.If you _(arrive)ten minutes earlier,you could have seen them off.2.Its time that we _(go)to the railway station.3.If they_(not help)us,our experiment would have failed.4.Youre
26、five minutes late.I suggested that you _(come)earlier tomorrow.5.Mather often tells us that it is necessary that we _(drink)a glass of water after we get up.6.She insisted that she_(send)to work in the faraway small town.7._ I not _(forget)his telephone number,I would have rung him.8.He is busy now.
27、If he _(be)free,he_(go)with you.9.The manager was in his office then.If he _(be)here,everything _(settle)in a minute.10.Noisy as it was,he went on reading as if nothing _(happen).三、完成句子1.真想不到我们俩会在这里见面.Its strange that we_here.2.如果没有参加玛丽的生日聚会的话,我们彼此就不会认识了.名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 5 页，共 7 页 -6 If we h
28、adnt taken part in Marys birthday party,we_each other.3.这么近的路,我们应该步行到车站来.是啊,根本没必要乘出租车.We_to the station,it was so near.Yes.A taxi wasnt at all necessary.4.万一明天下雨的话,我们将不得不推迟参观颐和园._it rain tomorrow,we _to put off the visit to the Summer Palace.四、句型转换1.It is necessary for college students to master at
29、least one foreign language.It is necessary _ college students _ at least one foreign language.2.Without sunlight,there would be neither plants nor animals._ sunlight,there would be neither plants nor animals.3.She insisted on translating the sentence this way.She insisted that the sentence _ this wa
30、y.4.The students suggested going there on foot.The students suggested _ _ there on foot.5.She suggested that we should go to his help._is that we _ to his help.6.Lucy didnt come to class today because she didnt feel well._she _ well,she _ to class today.7.I dont know French,so I cant talk to the Fre
31、nch friends.If I _French,I could talk to the French friends.8.He didnt take his parents advice and he is not a college student now.If he _ his parents advice,he _ a college student now.9.The professor helped me a lot and I finished the work.I couldnt _ the work _ the professors help.参考答案名师资料总结-精品资料欢
32、迎下载-名师精心整理-第 6 页，共 7 页 -7 一、1-5 CCADC6-10 ABADA11-15 BCDDB 16-18 DCC二、1.had arrived2.went(should go)3.had not helped4.(should)come5.(should)drink6.(should)be sent7.Had;forgotten8.were;would go 9.had been;would have been settled 10.were happening 三、1.meet2.wouldnt have known3.should have walked4.Should;would have四、1.that;should master2.If there were no3.should be translated 4.they go5.Her suggestion;go6.Had;felt;would have come 7.knew8.had taken;would be9.have finished;without 名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 7 页，共 7 页 -