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1、2）英语能力测试For an increasing number of students at American universities,Old is suddenly in.The reason is obvious:the graying of America means jobs.coupled with the aging of the baby-boom(生育高峰)generation,a longer life span means that the nation s elderly population is bound to expand significantly over
2、 the next 50 years.By 2050,25 percent of all Americans will be older than 65,up from 14 percent in 1995.The change poses profound questions for government and society,of course.But it also creates career opportunities in medicine and health professions,and in law and business as well.“In addition to
3、 the doctors,were going to need more sociologists,biologists,urban planners and specialized lawyers,”says Professor Edward Schneider of the University of Southern Californias(USC)School of Gerontology(老年学).Lawyers can specialize in“elder law,”which covers everything from trusts and estates to nursin
4、g-home abuse and age discrimination(歧视).Businessmen see huge opportunities in the elder market because the baby boomers,74 million strong,are likely to be the wealthiest group of retirees in human history.“Any student who combines an expert knowledge in gerontology with,say,an MBA or law degree will
5、 have a license to print money,”one professor says.Margarite Santos is a 21-year-old senior at USC.She began college as a biology major but found she was“really bored with bacteria.”So she took a class in gerontology and discovered that she lied it.She says,“I did volunteer work in retirement homes
6、and it was very satisfying.”1.“,Old is suddenly in”(Line 1,Para.1)most probably means“_”.A)America has suddenly become a nation of old people B)gerontology has suddenly become popular C)more elderly professors are found on American campuses D)American colleges have realized the need of enrolling old
7、er students 2.With the aging of America,lawyers can benefit _.A)from the adoption of the“elder law”B)from rendering special services to the elderly C)by enriching their professional knowledge D)by winning the trust of the elderly to promote their own interests 3.Why can businessmen make money in the
8、 emerging elder market?A)Retirees are more generous in spending money.B)They can employ more gerontologists.C)The elderly possess an enormous purchasing power.D)There are more elderly people working than before.4.Who can make big money in the new century according to the passage?A)Retirees who are b
9、usiness-minded.B)The volunteer workers in retirement homes.C)College graduates with an MBA or law degree.D)Professionals with a good knowledge of gerontology.5.It can be seen from the passage that the expansion of America s elderly population _.A)will provide good job opportunities in many areas B)w
10、ill impose an unbearable burden on society C)may lead to nursing home abuse and age discrimination D)will create new fields of study in universities 名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 1 页，共 35 页 -We can see how the product life cycle works by looking at the introduction of instant coffee.When it was introduce
11、d,most people did not like it as well as“regular”coffee,and it took several years to gain general acceptance(introduction stage).At one point,though,instant coffee grew rapidly in popularity,and many brands were introduced(stage of rapid growth).After a while,people became attached to one brand and
12、sales leveled off(stage of maturity).Sales went into a slight decline（衰退）when freeze-dried coffees were introduced(stage of decline).The importance of the product life cycle to marketers is this:Different stages in the product life cycle call for different strategies.The goal is to extend product li
13、fe so that sales and profits do not decline.One strategy is called market modification.It means that marketing managers look for new users and market sections.Did you know,for example,that the backpacks that so many students carry today were originally designed for the military?Market modification a
14、lso means searching for increased usage among present customers or going for a different market,such as senior citizens.A marketer may re-position the product to appeal to new market sections.Another product extension strategy is called product modification.It involves changing product quality,featu
15、res,or style to attract new users or more usage from present users.American auto manufacturers are using quality improvement as one way to recapture world markets.Note,also,how auto manufacturers once changed styles dramatically from year to year to keep demand from falling.6.According to the passag
16、e,when people grow fond of one particular brand of a product,its sales will _.A)decrease gradually B)remain at the same level C)become unstable D)improve enormously 7.The first paragraph tells us that a new product is _.A)not easily accepted by the public B)often inferior to old ones at first C)ofte
17、n more expensive than old ones D)usually introduced to satisfy different tastes 8.Marketers need to know which of the four stages a product is in so as to _.A)promote its production B)work out marketing policies C)speed up its life cycle D)increase its popularity 9.The author mentions the example of
18、“backpacks”(Line 4,Para.2)to show the importance of _.A)pleasing the young as well as the old B)increasing usage among students C)exploring new market sections D)serving both military and civil needs 10.In order to recover their share of the world market,U.S.auto makers are _.A)improving product qua
19、lity B)increasing product features 名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 2 页，共 35 页 -C)modernizing product style D)re-positioning their product in the market 资料 3：The fitness movement that began in the late 1960s and early 1970s centered around aerobic exercise(有氧操).Millions of individuals became engaged in a va
20、riety of aerobic activities,and literally thousands of health spas developed around the country to capitalize(获利)on this emerging interest in fitness,particularly aerobic dancing for females.A number of fitness spas existed prior to this aerobic fitness movement,even a national chain with spas in mo
21、st major cities.However,their focus was not on aerobics,but rather on weight-training programs designed to develop muscular mass,strength,and endurance in their primarily male enthusiasts.These fitness spas did not seem to benefit financially form the aerobic fitness movement to better health,since
22、medical opinion suggested that weight-training programs offered few,if any,health benefits.In recent years,however,weight training has again become increasingly popular for males and for females.Many current programs focus not only on developing muscular strength and endurance but on aerobic fitness
23、 as well.Historically,most physical-fitness tests have usually included measures of muscular strength and endurance,not for health-related reasons,but primarily because such fitness components have been related to performance in athletics.However,in recent years,evidence has shown that training prog
24、rams designed primarily to improve muscular strength and endurance might also offer some health benefits as well.The American College of Sports Medicine now recommends that weight training be part of a total fitness program for healthy Americans.Increased participation in such training is one of the
25、 specific physical activity and fitness objectives of Healthy People 2000:National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives.11.The word“spas”(Line 3,Para.1)most probably refers to _.A)sports activities B)places for physical exercise C)recreation centers D)athletic training programs 12.Earl
26、y fitness spas were intended mainly for _.A)the promotion of aerobic exercise B)endurance and muscular development C)the improvement of womens figures D)better performance in aerobic dancing 13.What was the attitude of doctors towards weight training in health improvement?A)Positive.B)Indifferent.C)
27、Negative.D)Cautious.14.People were given physical fitness tests in order to find out _.A)how ell they could do in athletics B)what their health condition was like C)what kind of fitness center was suitable for them D)whether they were fit for aerobic exercise 名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 3 页，共 35 页 -15.
28、Recent studies have suggested that weight training _.A)has become an essential part of peoples life B)may well affect the health of the trainees C)will attract more people in the days to come D)contributes to health improvement as well2）英语阅读能力测试题Sport is not only physically challenging,but it can al
29、so be mentally challenging.Criticism from coaches,parents,and other teammates,as well as pressure to win can create an excessive amount of anxiety or stress for young athletes（运动员）.Stress can be physical,emotional,or psychological,and research has indicated that it can lead to burnout.Burnout has be
30、en described as dropping or quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable.The early years of development are critical years for learning abut oneself.The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place.Young athletes can,for example,learn how to cooperate with others,make fri
31、ends,and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives.Coaches and parents should be aware,at all times,that their feedback to youngsters can greatly affect their children.Youngsters may take their parents and coaches criticisms to heart and find a flaw（缺陷）in themselves.Coaches a
32、nd parents should also be cautious that youth sport participation does not become work for children.The outcome of the game should not be more important than the process of learning the sport and other life lessons.In today s youth sport setting,young athletes may be worrying more about who will win
33、 instead of enjoying themselves and the sport.Following a game,many parents and coaches focus on the outcome and find fault with youngsters performances.Positive reinforcement should be provided regardless of the outcome.Research indicates that positive reinforcement motivates and has a greater effe
34、ct on learning than criticism.Again,criticism can create high levels of stress,which can lead to burnout.1.An effective way to prevent the burnout of young athletes is _.A)to make sports less competitive B)to make sports more challenging C)to reduce their mental stress D)to increase their sense of s
35、uccess 2.According to the passage sport is positive for young people in that _.A)it can help them learn more about society B)it teaches them how to set realistic goals for themselves C)it enables them to find flaws in themselves D)it can provide them with valuable experiences 3.Many coaches and pare
36、nts are in the habit of criticizing young athletes _.A)without realizing criticism may destroy their self confidence B)in order to make them remember lifes lessons C)believing that criticism is beneficial for their early development D)so as to put more pressure on them 4.According to the passage par
37、ents and coaches should _.A)help children to win every game B)pay more attention to letting children enjoy sports 名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 4 页，共 35 页 -C)enable children to understand the positive aspect of sports D)train children to cope with stress 5.The author s purpose in writing the passage is _
38、.A)to persuade young children not to worry about criticism B)to stress the importance of positive reinforcement to children C)to discuss the skill of combining criticism with encouragement D)to teach young athletes how to avoid burnout New technology links the world as never before.Our planet has sh
39、runk.Its now a“globalvillage”where countries are only seconds away by fax or phone or satellite link.And.of course,our ability to benefit from this high-tech communications equipment is greatly enhanced by foreign language skills.Deeply involved with this new technology is a breed of modern business
40、people who have a growing respect for the economic value of doing business abroad.In modern markets,success overseas often helps support domestic business efforts.Overseas assignments are becoming increasingly important to advancement within executive ranks.The executive stationed in another country
41、 no longer need fear being“out of sight and out of mind.”He or she can be sure that the overseas effort is central to the companys plan for success,and that promotions often follow or accompany an assignment abroad.If an employee can succeed in a difficult assignment overseas,superiors will have gre
42、ater confidence in his or her ability to cope back in the United States where cross-cultural considerations and foreign language issues are becoming more and more prevalent(普遍的).Thanks to a variety of relatively inexpensive communications devices with business applications,even small businesses in t
43、he United States are able to get into international markets.English is still the international language of business.But there is an ever-growing need for people who can speak another language.A second language isnt generally required to get a job in business,but having language skills gives a candid
44、ate the edge when other qualifications appear to be equal The employee posted abroad who speaks the countrys principal language has an opportunityto fast-forward certain negotiations,and cam have the cultural insight to know when it is better to move more slowly.The employee at the home office who c
45、an communicate well with foreign clients over the telephone or by fax machine is an obvious asset to the firm.6.What is the authors attitude toward high-tech communications equipment?A)Critical.C)Indifferent.B)Prejudiced.D)Positive.7.With the increased use of high-tech communications equipment,busin
46、esspeople _.A)have to get familiar with modern technology B)are gaining more economic benefits from domestic operations C)are attaching more importance to their overseas business D)are eager to work overseas 8.In this passage,“out of sight and out of mind”(Lines 2-3,Para.3)probably means _.A)being u
47、nable to think properly for lack of insight B)being totally out of touch with business at home 名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 5 页，共 35 页 -C)missing opportunities for promotion when abroad D)leaving all care and worry behind 9.According to the passage,what is an important consideration of international cor
48、porations in employing people today?A)Connections with businesses overseas.B)Ability to speak the clients language.C)Technical know-how.D)Business experience.10.The advantage of employees having foreign language skills is that they can _.A)better control the whole negotiation process B)easily find n
49、ew approaches to meet market needs C)fast-forward their proposals to headquarters D)easily make friends with businesspeople abroad Im usually fairly skeptical about any research that concludes that people are either happier on unhappier or more or less certain of themselves than they were 50 years a
50、go.While any of there statements might be true,they are practically impossible to prove scientifically.Still,I was struck by a report which concluded that todays children are significantly more anxious than children in the 1950.In fact,the analysis showed,normal children ages 9 to 17 exhibit a highe