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1、-物流车辆智能调度管理系统概要-第 13 页2009机电工程技术年第38卷第08期物流车辆智能调度管理系统赖顺桥,肖熠琳(广州市光机电技术研究院广东省现代控制与光机电技术公共实验室,广东广州510663收稿日期:2009-04-15,探讨了系统的工作原理,更好地满足企业JIT (Just In Time ;工厂智能系统文献标识码:B文章编号:1009-9492(200908-0019-031引言现代物流不仅要考虑从生产者到消费者的货物配送问题,还要考虑从供应商到生产者对原材料的采购,以及生产者本身在产品制造过程中的运输、保管和信息等各个方面,从而全面地、综合性地提高经济效益和效率。中国加入WT
2、O 后,经济发展正面临着全球经济大融合的严峻考验,在激烈的竞争环境下,各企业纷纷实行供应商管理库存(VMI 、JIT (Just in time 即时采购等先进的供应链管理,在生产方式上纷纷采用先进的生产管理方式准时生产方式(JIT 生产。这些先进管理方式的主要目的都是为企业能够实现“零库存”。然而,绝大部分的企业和工厂都忽视了一个重要环节材料装卸货环节(当材料从供应商出厂送到企业生产线上,必须经过装卸货,仍旧采用人工调度呼叫的管理方式。人工调度的方式大致如下:(1运货车辆到调度室用登记表登记;(2调度员通过对讲机询问在卸货区的工作人员是否可以调度该车辆进入卸货区,如果不可以,则叫该车到“待车
3、区”等工作人员通知;(3得到卸货许可后,调度员要去“待车区”寻找该车辆进入卸货区卸货。这种方式存在着出错概率大、效率低、易出现堵车、用工成本高等缺陷。本文介绍一套满足现代化生产需求的物流车辆智能调度管理系统,彻底解决人工调度方式存在的种种不足,实现货车全自动、智能调度呼叫的管理方式,大大提高货场车位的使用周转速度,减轻了人的劳动强度,提高了卸货效率,确保工厂外围送货车辆顺畅有序运作,从而大大地提高当前工厂物流的效率,对企业的增产和增收起着积极的作用。2系统组成与工作原理2.1系统组成系统组成如图1所示。硬件系统主要包括计算机系统、传感器及信号采集系统、通讯系统、LED 显示系统、语音广播系统、
4、电源系统等;软件系统主要包括数据采集模块、无线通讯模块、数据库模块、调度算法模块、指挥室车辆登记模块、参数设置模块、查询统计模块、打印模块、LED 显示模块、语音播放模块、待车超时提示模块、卸货超时报警模块及上位机界面设计模块等。2.2工作原理首先,每一个车位对应一个车位状态控制箱,即感应式IC 车位卡控制箱,能够实时监控该车位的使用情况。所有的车位状态控制箱都通过无线网络连接到服务器,服务器中的数据库系统同步记录了车位的当前状态。当货车到达厂区请求进入时,由指挥室将车牌号码等信息录入前台计算机。计算机通过网络系统发送登记信息并访问服务器数据库自动查询和检索,获得该车对应卸货的区域和可卸货的车
5、位、相关车位状态等信息。计算机系统根据这些信息,按预设的调度规则给出指令,提示该车能否立即进入相关的卸货区域卸货,如果不能,该车暂时在待车区等候。在待车区设有高亮度LED 显示屏和高音喇叭。当卸货车位空闲时,服务器根据系统调度策略,自动选中待车区制造业信息化2009机电工程技术年第38卷第08期图1系统组成示意图的某货车,负责调度呼叫的计算机通过无线网络将调度信息发送到待车区的室外高亮度LED显示屏,同时通过高音喇叭同步呼叫提示该货车进入相应车位卸货。当货车进入卸货车位进行卸货时,车位上的传感器感应到有车,对应的车位状态控制箱上红色指示灯亮,表示该车位忙。在规定的时间内司机必须先将IC卡插入该
6、车位对应的车位状态控制箱的IC卡插卡槽内,如果插入的IC卡未得到验证(IC卡内的信息与控制箱上显示的信息不同或者超出了规定的时间未插卡,系统会认为有异常情况发生(该车停错车位等,从而发出警报声提示工作人员干预;如果插入卡槽的IC卡通过验证,服务器立即采集到该信息并更新数据库。当卸货时间超出预设时间时,车位状态控制箱上该车位红色超时报警指示灯闪亮,蜂鸣器鸣响直至卸货完毕离开或手动按键停止鸣响。当卸货完毕后,将IC卡从IC卡插卡槽内拔出,司机把车开走,车位上的传感器感应到已没车,则控制箱上对应绿色指示灯亮,红色指示灯灭,表示该车位空闲,同时服务器立即采集到该信息并更新数据库。如果IC卡拔出后,规定
7、时间内司机没把车开走,系统同样会认为有异常情况发生,从而发出警报声提示工作人员干预。货车离开厂区前将IC 卡交给保安或其他工作人员。对于以上发生的警报,指挥室计算机均能及时作出相应的提示,提醒调度员通过电话等手段进行管理。3软件设计设计的物流车辆智能调度系统软件模块流程图如图2所示。下面对系统的各个模块作简要的说明:(1车位状态采集模块,本模块主要负责监控和采集车位状态(有车或无车,并将此车位状态信息发送到上位机服务器(PC机;(2无线通信模块,本模块主要负责发送车位状态、车牌号码、系统控制指令等数据;(3数据库模块,本模块是系统的核心模块之一,是整个系统的数据中心,存储和记录整个系统的运行数
8、据;(4查询统计模块,本模块用于查询和统计系统管理员需要的信息,如车位使用效率、调度效率、当前某车辆状态,同时更改车辆优先级,处理紧急调度等;(5结果输出模块,本模块主要负责打印查询统计的结果;制造业信息化2009机电工程技术年第38卷第08期(6参数设置模块,本模块用于设置各种系统参数,如待车超时时间、卸货超时时间、LED屏显示及语音广播方式等等;(7登记录入模块,本模块主要负责登记车辆车牌号码、优先级等信息;(8系统调度处理模块,本模块是系统的核心模块之一,主要负责处理各个模块运行所需的数据;(9卸货超时报警管理,本模块负责监控已在卸货车辆的卸货时间是否“超时”,当“超时”则发出报警信号;
9、(10待车超时提示管理,本模块负责提示管理员去了解情况:某车辆已经“分配”车位给其卸货,但它未能及时到达车位卸货(待车超时,如果车辆严重“超时”,那么它的调度将被取消,调度下一辆车进入卸货区卸货;(11屏幕控制模块,本模块负责根据系统设定的参数显示播报“分配”状态的车辆到卸货区卸货;(12语音处理模块,本模块负责根据系统设定的参数语音播报“分配”状态的车辆到卸货区卸货,实现屏幕和语音同步播报;(13故障检测模块,本模块负责监控各个车位状态控制箱等的运行情况,当有故障发生时,提示管理员作相应的处理;(14其他模块,如:登录模块(调度员登录系统、退出模块、远程网络通信模块等其他功能模块。4结束语物
10、流在国民经济中起着越来越重要的作用。随着我国生产力水平的提高,以整合交通运输、仓储、配送等环节一体化为目标,实现企业与社会成本最低、效益最大的物流业与互联网经济一起被人们当成“新经济”的重要内容,被广泛地称作第三利润源泉。现代经济领域中的竞争,很大程度上是流通效率的竞争。特别是从制造业的再生产过程来看,产品处在制造环节的时间越来越短,而绝大多数时间处在流通环节,大约占85%90%左右。因此,流通速度和效率的高低决定着一个企业、一个行业甚至一个国家经济效率和速度的高低。同时,流通还具有降低全社会的交易成本、优化资源配置的重要作用。本系统主要用于企业生产的重要环节材料装卸货环节,以提高企业物流管理
11、水平,降低企业生产成本。通过长时间的运行调试,目前该系统已经在某企业得到了很好应用,对企业的增产和增收发挥了积极的作用。相信随着市场竞争的日益激烈,自动化、信息化的日益发展及土地资源的日益紧缺等客观因素影响,物流车辆智能调度管理系统将会得到企业和工厂的广泛应用。参考文献:1冯耕中.物流信息系统M.北京:机械工业出版社,2009.2曹衍龙.Visual Basic系统开发实例精粹M.北京:人民邮电出版社,2005.3王丰.现代物流配送管理M.北京:首都经济贸易大学出版社,2008.第一作者简介:赖顺桥,男,1981年生,广西阳朔人,大学本科,助理工程师。研究领域:电子信息方向。(编辑:吴智恒图2
12、物流车辆智能调度系统软件模块流程图制造业信息化Abstracts09-08-13 Design of Injection Mould for DVD Door Panel Based on CAE Technology09-08-24 Computer Management of Mechanical Manufacturing IQC09-08-26 Hardware-in-Loop Simulation Research of Brake Performance of ElectroMechanical Braking System09-08-16 The Numerical Simula
13、tion of Process in Laser Drilling09-08-29 Simulation System Design of Four Bar Linkage Mechanism09-08-19 Intelligent Scheduling Automotive Logistics Management System09-08-32 Cooperative Design of Automotive Electronics Product Based on Top-Down09-08-22 Construct Cooperative Design Terrace Based on
14、Unitive Three-Dimensional Digital Model09-08-35 Research of the Control Scheme of a Wide Format Ink-jet Printers Ziche-Servo-Motorprimary enterprises.Key words: dynamic enterprise modeling; Internet; cooperative 121design; terraceHUANG Gui-jian , HONG Jian-ming , LIANG Xiong , WU 33Xiao-yu , LI Ji-b
15、in PENG Chong-jie Abstract: By analyzing the flow of Incoming Quality Control in Abstract: The structural feature and forming technology of the mechanical manufacturing company, the method setting up the DVD door panel were analyzed. By using Moldflow/MPI computer management system of IQC is put for
16、ward.software, the feed system of the mould was ascertained. The Key words: IQC; ERP; quality management; PDCA; continual angle pin core-pulling mechanism was adopted and the improvementmechanism set inside the core-pulling slide preventing the plastic parts from adhering to the side core of the mou
17、ld was designed, so the smooth demoulding of the plastic parts was realized. The structure of the injection mould and working process were discussed. The mould was already in mass production and the 12LIAO Jun-bo , WANG Jun plastic parts could meet the customers technical requirements.Key words: CAE
18、; injection mould; feed system; core-pulling; slide; demouldingAbstract: ElectroMechanical braking system (EMB is a new type of braking, this paper set up the hardware-in-loop simulation platform for EMB, and did the brake performance simulation of EMB with/without ABS control algorithm, and ZHANG L
19、ei, ZHANG Qing-mao then analyzed the result compare with the requirement of national standard.Abstract: For the purpose of depicting the morphology of the Key words: ElectroMechanical braking; EMB; brake holes and the rule of temperature field during Nd:YAG laser performance; hardware-in loop-simula
20、tiondrilling, a three-dimensional physical model of laser drilling has been made. Programmed by APDL, the load of Gauss laser heat flux is imposed on the area of laser drilling, the temperature field of Nd:YAG laser drilling is simulated and calculated by ANSYS WANG Wen-ming, ZENG Cong-min, GAO Ying
21、-minsoftware, and the result shows that the morphology of the holes are conical, and the highest temperature is about 5.617103 at the spot and the temperature declines gradually along the radius Abstract: The mathematic model of four bar linkage mechanism with the center of the spot. Compared with t
22、he actual drilling is constructed by means of complex vector, and the trajectory, results, we find that simulation results and experimental results displacement, velocity and acceleration of the four bar are coinciding.mechanism have been analyzed . At the same time, based on VB, Key words: ANSYS; l
23、aser drilling; temperature field; numerical the simulation system of four bar linkage mechanism is simulationestablished. This study may provide a method for the design and application of four bar linkage mechanism.Key words: computer application; four bar linkage mechanism; simulation systemLAI Shu
24、n-qiao Abstract: In order to solve the problems of the artificial scheduling call management in logistics enterprises vehicle ZHANG Yong-bo, MU Bin, ZHONG Jin-jin scheduling, and meet the requirements of the JIT (Just in Time production modes better, the paper introduces a logistics vehicle Abstract
25、: Aiming at the shortage and application problem of the intelligent scheduling management system. The working skeleton used Top-Down design, a technology of Top-Down principle of the system is discussed, and the hardware and design based on the skeleton and the layout is put forward. software are de
26、signed. It can improve production efficiency and Combine with the concurrent engineering and cooperative design management level.of an automotive electronics, the building and issuance of the Key words: automotive logistics; scheduling management; product control construction and the transfer of the
27、 restructure factory intelligent systemsinformation is summarized and discussed.Key words: Top-Down; cooperative design; layout; automotive electronicsCAO Bing1121Abstract: There are more than 900 enterprises in Deyang, which LIAO Qiang , YAN Wei , XIA Yang , XIE Qian-taois an important technology a
28、nd equipment manufacturing base of China. But the enormous discrepancy in the technical level of numerous enterprises restricts the development of whole heavy Abstract: Choosing S12 single chip microcomputer as the core technical equip base. Construct technical indraught terrace, to realize a new ki
29、nd of rare earth brushless DC motor system, technical cooperative terrace and public design terrace consisting the hardware and software design are offered. The system is of enterprise public portal, by cooperative design system based simplified and control efficiency is enhanced without special on
30、unitive three-dimensional digital model, cooperative manage control chip. Application of optical coupler ensured the correctly system of ASP and internet website of enterprise cooperative transmitted the signal. Incremental PID algorithm is used in the portal. Construct the bridge between primary an
31、d subordinate motor speed-control, the electric current and velocity double enterprises. The subordinate enterprises share in talent, technical closed-loop control is also used to enhance the motors stability.resource, tester and so on, improving their capability of serving(1. College of Mechatronic
32、s and ControlEngineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; 2. School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen518055, China; 3. Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced (Guangdong Foshan Pump Factory Co., Ltd, FoshanMould Manufacturing Technology, Shenzhen Unive
33、rsity, Shenzhen 528000, China518060, China(1.Guangzhou Automobile GroupCo.,Ltd. Automotive Engineering Institute, Guangzhou 510640, China; 2.Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China(Laboratory of Laser ProcessingTechnology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006,China(Departme
34、nt of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xingtai Polytechnic College, Xingtai 054035, China(Guangzhou Research Institute of O-M-E Technology, Guangzhou 510663, China(ECRIEE, Hefei230000, China(Department of Computer Science, Sichuan Engineering Technical College, Deyang 618000, China(1.Mechanical Engineering Department, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; 2.Haijing Printing and Advertisement Co.,Ltd, Chongqing 400010, China