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1、今天我们所要关注的是运动图表，无论是什么题目的运动图表，无论题出的多难，我们都要清醒的认识到，那就是考官也逃不出如下的个范畴，它们分别是运动范畴，程度范畴，时间范畴，数据范畴与连接范畴。(一)运动范畴中存在着如下的种运动趋向：、保持平稳：我们可以使用的套用结构有:stay stable/remain steady 举 例：表 示 人 口 数 量 保 持 平 稳 的 时 候 可 以 写:the number of population stayed stable。/the number of population remained steady 2、上升/增加：我们可以使用的套用结构有：rise
2、/climb/increase/ascend/mount/aggrandize(增加)举例：人口上升：the number of population increased/ascended/mounted 等等。3、下降/减少：我们可以使用的套用结构有：fall/drop/decrease/descend/decline 举例：人口减少：the number of population decreased/declined 4、下降后保持平稳：这个线段前面是向下的，后面是平的，在表示这个平的时候我们就不可以使用 remain steady 了，我们要使用的结构是bottom out 举例：人口
3、下降后保持平稳：the number of population decreased and bottomed out 5、上升后保持平稳：前面的上升我们就不用说了，但是在上升以后保持平稳，我们需要使用 level off 举例：人口上升后保持平稳：number of population mounted and leveled off 6、复苏：前面下降了以后，然后就上升了，这两条线段的连接点就叫复苏。英语中表达为recover 举例：人口下降后复苏：number of population decreased and recovered 7、波 动：就 像 我 们 的 心 电 图 一 样。
4、英 语 中 叫fluctuate 举 例：人 口 波 动：number of population fluctuated 8、达到顶峰：peak/reach its summit/reach its zenith 举例：人口到达了顶峰：number of population peaked/reached its summit/reached its zenith 但是同学们想过没有上升，下降，波动是存在程度的。所以我们接下来要讨论的是程度的描述方法。(二)程度范畴程度只有两种，缓慢和陡然。缓慢的/轻微的：gradually/smoothly/steadily/slightly 陡然的/大幅度
5、的：dramatically/sharply/considerably/appreciably/greatly 1、人口大幅度攀升:number of population mounted dramatically 2、人口轻微下降:number of population decreased slightly 3、人口逐渐下降:number of population decreased gradually （三）数据范畴好了，我们现在已经说了两个范畴了,这个两个范畴可以帮你搞定任何线段组的描述、紧接名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 1 页，共 18 页 -下来我们要讨论的是
6、如何将线段组与数据进行连接、非常简单。注意如下的介词使用（1）remain steady/stay stable/level off/bottom out/peak/reach its peak/reach its zenith后面需要使用的是at 举例:1、人口在 500 万上保持平稳:number of population remained steady at 5 million 2、人口在 800 万时到达了顶峰:number of population peaked at 8 million 3、下降后,人口在400万保持平稳:after decreasing,number of p
7、opulation bottomed out at 4 million 4、上升后,人口在700万保持平稳:after mounting,number of population leveled off at 7 million （2）上升/下降后面使用 to(到)和 by(了)举例:1、人口下降到200 万:number of population decreased to 2 million 2、人口下降了200 万:number of population decreased by 2 million 3、人口上升到1000 万:number of population increase
8、d to 10 million 4、人口上升了500 万:number of population increased by 5 million （3）recover的后面大家需要使用的是from举例:1.人口在 200 万时开始复苏:number of population recovered from 2 million （4）fluctuate 的后面大家需要连接between and举例:人口在 2 和 100 亿之间波动:number of population fluctuated between 2 and 10 billion(那俩人是 ADAM和 EVE)我们已经搞定了三个范
9、畴了。剩下的两个范畴，时间与连接，我想大家就不会有很大的困难了吧。希望大家以后多多练习对于线性图表的描述（一）上升1.对于上升趋势的描述：a.可以使用的动词或动词词组：to increase to go up 名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 2 页，共 18 页 -to rise to grow to jump to leap to soar to shoot to pick up b.可以使用的名词：an increase a growth a jump a soar an upward trend 2.对于上升到某个位置的描述：a.1.a.中的动词 to具体数据。b.1.
10、a.中的动词 tothe peak of具体数据。c.1.a.中的动词 reaching the peak of+具体数据。d.1.a.中的动词 reaching+具体数据。e.to peak at 具体数据f.to climb to+具体数据3.对于上升的程度的描述：a.1.a.中的动词 by 具体数据。名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 3 页，共 18 页 -b.1.a.中的动词副词。(见（二）下降1.对于下降趋势的描述：a.可以使用的动词或动词词组：to fall to decrease to go down to slide to collapse to decline
11、 to drop b.可以使用的名词：a collapse a decrease a fall a decline a drop 2.对于下降到某个位置的描述：a.1.a.中的动词 to具体数据。b.1.a.中的动词 tothe bottom of 具体数据。c.1.a.中的动词 reaching the bottom of+具体数据。d.1.a.中的动词 reaching+具体数据。名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 4 页，共 18 页 -3.对于下降程度的描述：a.1.a.中的动词 by 具体数据。b.1.a.中的动词副词。(见（三）平稳可以使用的动词或动词词组：to ha
12、rdly change to have little change to keep steady to level off to remain constant to stay the same（四）表示程度的副词：1.程度较大：considerably dramatically greatly markedly obviously quickly rapidly sharply 名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 5 页，共 18 页 -significantly suddenly 2.程度较小：slightly gradually slowly steadily 时间的嵌入嵌
13、入时间时所使用的介词和介词词组：in fromto between.andduring andat the start of by the end of over at the end of throughout 时间 s+具体数据（五）上升和下降趋势的组合描述(嵌入了时间和程度之后)：1.先上升后下降的句型：.increased slowly during and but fell sharply in.A steady fall in during and followed the sharp increase in.名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 6 页，共 18 页
14、-2.先下降后上升的句型：fell before began to make a recovery continue the recovery,climbing to dropped during but increased again in fell and then pick up during collapsed before rising to at the end of 3.起伏波动的句型：fluctuated sharply all through 4.波动不大的句型：hardly changed through the period between and 柱状图形的描述转换为线
15、形图形的描述饼状图形的描述对于百分比进行描述所使用的句型：%the is/has/have/are accounts for%of the total takes up%in the whole chart（六）趋势的比较1.表示相似的句型(实例)：Both share prices rose sharply in January.Neither company has made a profit yet.Like X,Y fell in June.名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 7 页，共 18 页 -X rose just as sharply as Y.2.表示差异的句
16、型(实例)：X fell sharply whereas/while Y remained steady.X fell quickly compared to Y.Unlike Y,X rose by 10%.X rose far more dramatically than Y.3.表示倍数的句型：the doubled/tripled in compared with those in 4.客观比较的句型：is in contrast to （七）数据的修饰1.表示不足的词或词组：up to below under almost nearly 2.表示超过的词或词组：over more t
17、han just over 3.表示大约的词：名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 8 页，共 18 页 -about 补充：一.主章开头图表类型：table;chart;diagram;graph;column chart;pie graph 描述：show;describe;illustrate;can be seen from;clear;apparent;reveal;represent 内容：figure;statistic;number;percentage;proportion 二.表示数据一般：have 10%;at 10%;over 10%最高(低)点：peake
18、d;reached a peak/high(point)bottomed out;reached the bottom 变化：recover 略有回升；increase;jump;rise/rose;climb decrease;fall/fell;drop;decline;reduce fluctuate 浮动，摇摆不定remained steady/stable;stay the same;little/hardly any/no change 变化程度：sudden/suddenly 突然的，意外的rapid/rapidly 迅速的，飞快的，险峻的dramatic/dramaticall
19、y 戏剧性的，生动的significant/significantly 有意义的，重大的，重要的sharp/sharply 锐利的，明显的，急剧的steep/steeply 急剧升降的steady/steadily 稳固的，坚定不移的gradual/gradually 渐进的，逐渐的名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 9 页，共 18 页 -slow/slowly 缓慢的，不活跃的slight/slightly 轻微的、略微地stable/stably 稳定的表示范围：fromto between and for to 多长时间直到表示程度：almost adv.几乎，差不多ne
20、arly adv.几乎，密切地approximately adv.近似的，大约about adv.附近，大约，转向，左右，周围just over 刚超过over adv.结束，越过，从头到尾exactly adv.正确地，严密地precisely adv.正好精确地；清晰地比例：20 per cent 20%one in three 1/3 one out of every four 1/4 三 常用词significant changes 图中一些较大变化noticeable trend 明显趋势during the same period 在同一时期grow/grew 增长distribu
21、te 分布，区别unequally 不相等地名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 10 页，共 18 页 -pronounced 明显的average 平均no doubt 无疑地corresponding adj.相应的，通讯的represent vt.阐述，表现overall 总体上讲except 除外in the case of adv.在 的情况下in contrast 相反，大不相同in conclusion adv.最后，总之in comparison 相比之下inversely adv.相反地，倒转地in general 通常，大体上，一般而言rang from ex
22、cessive adj.过多的，过分的，额外lower v.降低，跌落elapse vi.(时间)过去，消逝category n.种类government policy 政府政策market forces 市场规率measure n.尺寸，方法，措施v.估量，调节forecast n.先见，预见v.预测名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 11 页，共 18 页 -1.有用的词上升：increase rise ascend core surge go up climb mount level up 下降:decrease fall drop descend decline redu
23、ce lessen level down 平稳:stable steady remain/maintain/keep/be the same as/similar to 波动:fluctuate fluctuation rise and falls up and down 占:occupy take up account for gain 而:while however whereas on the other hand actually/in fact 相比:by contract on the contrary likewise compared with 最高点:the highest
24、the top the summit the peak the most 最低点:bottom less least rock bottom 平均:mean average 趋势:tendancy trend inclination 预见:prediction 达到顶峰:mount to 在*中占*:*gain the percentage of 有一个稳定的过程:a stable period can be seen 原则：A.不可能写的很好，关键是要很稳地写清楚。B.概括一些内在关联性或原因推测作为总结以下是引用zxc0470 在 2004-6-3 23:05:00 的发言：1.As is
25、 shown by the graph/in the table。(概述图表)正如曲线所示，最近54 年来该国人口飞速增长。As is shown by the graph,there has been a rapid increase in the population of the country in 名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 12 页，共 18 页 -the past five years.2.It can be seen from the table that (得出结论)shown graph concluded figures estimated stat
26、istics A.从表中所给的统计数字可以看出，从1985 年到 1990 年中国的人均收入迅速提高。From the statistics given in the table it can be seen that the average personal income of the Chinese people increased(grew、rose)rapidly from 1985 to 1990.B.从曲线图可以得出结论，最近5 年来中国人口的出生率已经大大下降。It can be concluded from the graph that there has been a gre
27、at decline in birth rates in China in the past five years.3.amount to (数量总计)add up to come to sum up to 全部费用合计200 美元。All the expenses(costs)amount to(=add up to)$200.4.increase from to (数量增减)decrease rise fall drop A.这个工厂生产的彩电已由1986 年的 5000 台增加到1990 年的 21000 台。名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 13 页，共 18 页 -T
28、he number of colour TV sets produced by the factory increased(rose,grew,climbed)from 5000 in 1986 to 21000 in 1990.B.参加者的人数增加到30 万。The number of paticipants grew up to 300000 persons=increased,reaching 300000 persons).C.这个学校的教职工人数已减少到700 人。The number of teaching staff members in this school has decr
29、eased to 700 persons.5.(be)three times as+形容词+as 总产量total output 钢的年产量the annual output of steel 上升 17%rise by 17percent 日产量the daily output 导致产量下降result in a diminished output 现在我们地区的粮食产量相当于1970 年的 3 倍。The grain production(=output)in our area now is three times as great as that of 1970.6.Compared w
30、ith ,与去年相比，今年13 项主要产品的产量都有大幅度增长。The factory has an output of 9 million cigarettes daily.Compared with that of last year,the output of 13 main products(=items)this year has increased to a great extent.7.There is(was)a rapid rise in be on the risehas been sharp increase on the increase sudden decrease
31、 on the decline steady decline 名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 14 页，共 18 页 -gradual fall slow drop slight 最近几年来这个地区的棉花产量有了迅速增长。The cotton output in this area has increased rapidly in the past few years.“结尾”段落中常用的句型：1.In my opinion,2.Personally,I 3.In short(=In brief),4.In conclusion,5.As far as I m concern
32、ed,6.To conclude,it seems clear that 7.According to the figures given in the table,.8.A study showed.9.As you may see from the diagram,.10.The two charts above tell us something about.至于说到我，我赞成前一种观点。所以，我的结论是，只要我们坚持正确的东西，改正错误的东西，我们就一定能成功。As far as Im concerned,Im in favour of the former view.Therefor
33、e,my conclusion is that we are certain to succeed as long as we stick to what is right and correct what is wrong.=我再补充几点：同学们在选用描述图表变化的动词、名词，介词词组，形容词和程度副词方面要注意是否准确到位和形象。以下一些词汇大家重点揣摩：spiral upward/the demand for talents(fair)spiraled upward/climbed drastically/soar/surge/experience an explosive growth
34、/an acceleration/swell/manage a modest(marginal)gain/on the rise/on the ascendance/wane/shrink/slump/fall off/drop off/take a dip/take a nose dive/trend(tide)/sth.continued its upward/downward trend./reach the plateau/the bottleneck/sth.level off/sth.remains steady/stable/unchanged/constant/stay the
35、 same/名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 15 页，共 18 页 -There was a slight drop(fall)between 2000/and 2005/hugely/sharply/dramatically/drastically/substantially/steeply/incredibly/massively/surprisingly/alarmingly/distressingly/slightly/steadily/gradually/marginally/moderately/gently/reach a(the)peak/the highes
36、t point/A record number of students/reach the nadir/reach the bottom/the rock bottom/experience a moderate fluctuation/swing/另外，大家仔细研究我下面提供的五种描述图表的句型，在考试的时候如果考到图表作文要会灵活使用。This bar chart describes significant changes in the ownership of houses in a big city in China.It can be seen from the chart that
37、 a very noticeable trend from 1990 to 2000 was the dramatic increase in the private ownership of houses as opposed to the huge drop in the state ownership of houses.In 1990,three out of four houses were state-owned.However,by 2000,the percentage of the ownership of private houses has soared to 80%.T
38、he above chart reveals that the huge expansion in the private house ownership has been accompanied by a corresponding fall in the state ownership of houses in a span of a decade.(1990-2000)As is suggested(unfolded/demonstrated/illustrated/mirrored)in the above chart,with the sharp rise in the privat
39、e ownership of houses,the state ownership of houses has dramatically(substantially/alarmingly)dropped in a passage of a decade.(1990-2000)According to the above chart,there has been a drastic growth in the private ownership of houses,while the state ownership of houses has shrunk steeply over the pa
40、st decade.(1990-2000)From the above chart,we can see distinctly that the private ownership of houses has witnessed an huge rise as distinct from(as opposed to/in contrast to/in comparison with)the drastic decrease in the state ownership of houses in a matter of a decade.(1990-2000)对于平稳的趋势的描述，可以使用的动词
41、或动词词组：to hardly change to have little change to keep steady to level off to remain constant to stay the same 表程度的副词：1.程度较大：iderably dramatically GREatly markedly obviously quickly rapidly sharply significantly suddenly 2.程度较小：slightly gradually slowly steadily 时间的嵌入：嵌入时间时所使用的介词和介词词组：in from,to,betwe
42、en,.and,during,and,at the start of,by the end of,over,at the end of,throughout,时间 s+具体数据 上升和下降趋势的组合描述：1.先上升后下降的句型：名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 16 页，共 18 页 -.increased slowly during,and,but fell sharply in,.A steady fall in,during,and,followed the sharp increase in,.2.先下降后上升的句型：,fell before,began to make
43、 a recovery,continue the recovery，climbing to,dropped during,but increased again in,fell and then pick up during,collapsed before rising to,at the end of,3.起伏波动的句型：,fluctuated sharply all through,4.波动不大的句型：,hardly changed through the period between,and,柱状图形的描述转换为线形图形的描述饼状图形的描述对于百分比进行描述所使用的句型：,%the,i
44、s/has/have/are,accounts for,%of the total,takes up,%in the whole chart 趋势的比较1.表示相似的句型：Both share prices rose sharply in January.Neither company has made a profit yet.Like X，Y fell in June.X rose just as sharply as Y.2.表示差异的句型：X fell sharply whereas/while Y remained steady.X fell quickly compared to
45、Y.Unlike Y，X rose by 10%.X rose far more dramatically than Y.3.表示倍数的句型：the,doubled/tripled in,compared with those in,4.客观比较的句型：,is,in contrast to,数据的修饰1.表示不足的词或词组：up to below under almost nearly 2.表示超过的词或词组：over more than just over 3.表示大约的词：about 第三章 写作后的检查检查的四个主要方面：1.标点符号：完全禁用的符号：“”。2.拼写：双写辅音 y 改成复
46、数3.语法：主谓一致 冠词 次序 介词 时态 漏词4.可能导致信息表达不清的因素：太长的段落太长的句子运用不常使用的词汇一次包含太多的信息信息不完整信息顺序混乱名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 17 页，共 18 页 -二、描述具体数据变化increase/decrease by.increase from.to.increase steadily from.there was a marked increase in.there has been a rapid increase in.an increase of decline in.four times as much
47、as.amount to fall from.to.appear stable reach 5,000 million in 1998 continue to grow has been growing faster and faster since.less than up to compared with make up the number of.remanis the same as.the remaining 三、分析原因There are chiefly two reasons for the changes.is mainly caused by.This directly re
48、lates to the problem of(the words food,housing,job shortage)What caused these changes?The reasons that caused changes are diverse.On the one hand.On the other hand.The rapid growth of.owes much to.lie in lead to 四、总结归纳Through the analysis,we can draw a conclusion that.In short.Steps should be taken to.To solve the problem of.,we.From all the facts given above,we can see.Taking the advantage and disadvantages together into consideration,I believe.名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 18 页，共 18 页 -