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1、计算机专业英语作业及参考答案Chapter 1 一、单项选择：1.The basic hardware components of a personal computer system consist of the.a.keyboard and display b.system unit c.disk-drive and printer d.all of above 2.A keyboard is a device that convertsintothat can be electronically manipulated by the computer.a.data/information
2、 b.keystrokes/special codes c.special codes/keystrokes d.information/data 3.System software includes and.a.operating system and application software b.operating system and programming language c.special-purpose programs and application software d.OS and special-purpose programs 4.The method with whi
3、ch printers form characters can include.a.striking ribbon with a hammer b.spraying ink with a nozzle c.transferring the pattern with heat or laser d.all of above 5.DOS can be used with machine.a.IBM-compatible b.the machine that was made before 1981 c.PDP-11 d.VAX 二、判断正误：1.Most RAM is temporary,losi
4、ng its contents when the computers power is turned off.2.The primary purpose of OS is to support application programs.3.Keyboards are the only way to communicate with a computer.4.ROM is read-only memory.5.Personal computers are sophisticated than larger mainframe and minicomputer relatives.三、词汇连线：p
5、uter a.Raw,unstructured,unprocessed facts.2.data b.The meaning a human being assigns to data.3.information c.A series of instructions that guides a computer through some process.4.processor d.The component of a computer that selects and executes instructions.5.program e.A machine that processes data
6、 into information under control of a stored program.四、英译汉：What is a computer?The basic job of computers is the processing of information.For this reason,computers can be defined as very-high-speed electronic devices which accept information in the form of instructions called a program and characters
7、 called data,perform mathematical and/or logical operations on the information,and then supply results of these operations.The program,or part of it,which tells the computers what to do and the data,which provide raw facts needed to solve the problem,are kept inside the computer in a place called me
8、mory.名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 1 页，共 30 页 -Computers are thought to have many remarkable powers.However,most computers,whether large or small,have three basic capabilities.First,computers have circuits for performing arithmetic operations,such as addition,subtraction,multiplication,division and expon
9、entiation.Second,computers have a means of communicating with the user.After all,if we couldn t feed information in and get results back,these machines wouldnt be of much use.However,certain computers(commonly minicomputers and microcomputers)are used to control directly things such as robots,aircra
10、ft navigation systems,medical instruments,etc.Some of the most common methods of inputting information are to use magnetic tape,disks,and terminals.The computers input device(which might be a keyboard,a tape drive or disk drive,depending on the medium used in inputting information)reads the informat
11、ion into the computer.For outputting information,two common devices used are a printer which prints the new information on paper,or a CRT display screen which shows the results on a TV-like screen.Third,computers have circuits which can make decisions.The kinds of decisions which computer circuits c
12、an make are not of the type:“Who would win a war between two countries?”or“Who is the richest person in the world?”Unfortunately,the computer can only decide three things,namely:Is one number less than another?Are two numbers equal?And,is one number greater than another?A computer can solve a series
13、 of problems and make hundreds,even thousands of logical decisions without becoming tired or bored.It can find the solution to a problem in a fraction of the time it takes a human being to do the job.A computer can replace people in dull,routine tasks,but it has no originality;it works according to
14、the instructions given to it and cannot exercise any value judgments.There are times when a computer seems to operate like a mechanical“brain”,but its achievements are limited by the minds of human beings.A computer cannot do anything unless a person tells it what to do and gives it the appropriate
15、information;but because electric pulses can move at the speed of light,a computer can carry out vast numbers of arithmetic-logical operations almost instantaneously.A person can do everything a computer can do,but in many cases that person would be dead long before the job was finished.参考答案一、1.d 2.b
16、 3.b 4.d 5.a 二、1.2.3.4.5.三、1-e 2-a 3-b 4-d 5-c 四、计算机是什么？计算机的基本工作是处理信息。因此，计算机可以被定义为这样一种高速的电子设备，它接受指令（称为程序）和字符（称为数据）形式的信息，完成算术和（或）逻辑运算，然后提供这些操作的结果。告诉计算机要做什么的程序或者程序的一部分，以及解决问题所需要的原始数据被保存在计算机的存储器中。计算机被认为具有许多非凡的功能。然而，大部分的计算机，无论大小，都具有三个基本的功能。第一，计算机有完成算术操作，如加、减、乘、除和阶乘的电路。第二，计算机有与用户通信的方式。毕竟，如果我们不能输入信息并且输出结果
17、，这些机器就没多大用处了。然而，某些计算机（一般的微型机和小型机）被用于直接控制机器人、飞机导航系统、医学仪器等。输入信息最常用的方式有磁带、磁盘和终端。计算机的输入设备（根据输入信息所使用的介质，可能是键盘、磁带或磁盘驱动器）将信息读入计算机。为了输出信息，最常用的两种设备是将新信息打印在纸上的打印机，以及将结果显示在一个类似于电视机屏幕名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 2 页，共 30 页 -上的阴极射线管显示器。第三，计算机有进行决策的电路。计算机电路能做的决策不是象“两个国家谁能赢得这场战争？”或者“世界上最富有的人是谁”之类。不幸的是，计算机只能决定三件事情，即：一个
18、数比另一个数小吗？两个数相等吗？以及一个数比另一个数大吗？计算机能够解决一系列的问题和做成百甚至上千的逻辑判断而不觉得疲倦或者厌烦。它能够解决一个问题只用人类做同样的工作所花时间的极小部分。计算机能够代替人完成繁重的日常事务，但是它毫无创造力；它根据给它的指令工作并且不能做出任何有价值的判断。经常地计算机象一个机械“大脑”一样操作，但它的成就是受人类思想的限制的。如果人不告诉它要做什么以及给它合适的信息的话，计算机不能做任何事情；但是因为电脉冲能够以光速移动，计算机能够迅速地完成大量的算术逻辑运算。人能够做计算机能做的任何事情，但是大多数情况下，在这个工作完成之前，人已经死了。Chapter
19、2 一、单项选择：1.Main memory holds.a.data for processing b.the program c.information d.all of above 2.The number of bits that can be processed at one time is a.a.register b.cycle c.word d.PROM 3.Data and instructions are stored in memory at location known as.a.address b.byte c.word d.number 4.The central
20、processing unit(CPU)had two parts:and.a.control unit and ALU b.ALU and register c.register and control unit d.ALU and memory 5.A holds enough bits to store a single character.a.word b.bit c.byte d.two bytes 二、判断正误：1.Arithmetic logic unit tells the rest of the computer system how to carry out a progr
21、am s instruction.2.Logical operations consist of comparisons.3.Bits are combined into groups of eight bits called words.4.The central processing unit(CPU)and memory are two major parts of a microcomputer system unit.5.The arithmetic-logic unit(ALU)performs arithmetic operations and logical operation
22、.三、词汇连线：1.binary system a.The sequential number of a location in main memory.2.byte b.A base 2 number system that uses values 0 and 1.3.register c.the smaller addressable unit of main memory,often eight bits.4.control unit d.Temporary storage used to hold data,instructions,or control information in
23、the processor.5.address e.The part of a central processing unit that directs electronic signals between memory and the ALU,and between the CPU and I/O device.四、英译汉：The Processor of the Computer 名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 3 页，共 30 页 -As to the question“What is the most important component in a computer
24、?”,nobody would fail to give a correct answer to it the processor.But when the questions move to the details of it,most of us might not have a clear picture.A processor,a component of a computer,is a functional unit that interprets and carries out instructions.Every processor comes with a unique set
25、 of operations such as ADD,STORE,or LOAD that represent the processor s instruction set.Computer designers are fond of calling their computers machines,so the instruction set is sometimes referred to as machine instructions and the binary language in which they are written is called machine language
26、.You should not confuse processors instructionset with the instructions found in high-level programming languages,such as BASIC or PASCAL.An instruction is made up of operations that specify the function to be performed and operands that represent the data to be operated on.For example,if an instruc
27、tion is to perform the operation of adding two numbers,it must know what the two numbers are and where the two numbers are.When the numbers are stored in the computer s memory,they have an address to indicate where they are,so if an operand refers to data in the computers memory it is called an addr
28、ess.The processors job is to retrieve instructions and operands from memory and to perform each operation.Having done that,it signals memory to send it the next instruction.This step-by-step operation is repeated over and over again at awesome speed.A timer called a clock releases precisely timed el
29、ectrical signals that provide a regular pulse for the processors work.The term that is used to measure the computers speed is borrowed from the domain of electrical engineering and is called a megahertz(MHz),which means million cycles per second.A processor is composed of two functional units-a cont
30、rol unit and an arithmetic/logic unit-and a set of special workspaces called registers.The Control Unit The control unit is the functional unit that takes the responsibility for supervising the operation of the entire computer system.In some ways,it is analogous to a telephone switchboard with intel
31、ligence because it makes the connections between various functional units of the computer system and calls into operation each unit that is required by the program currently in operation.The control unit fetches instructions from memory and determines their type or decodes them.It then breaks each i
32、nstruction into a series of simple small steps or actions.By doing this,it controls the step-by-step operation of the entire computer system.The Arithmetic/Logic Unit The arithmetic/logic unit(ALU)is the functional unit that provides the computer with logical and computational capabilities.Data are
33、brought into the ALU by the control unit,and the ALU performs whatever arithmetic or logic operations are required to help carry out the instruction.Arithmetic operations include adding,subtracting,multiplying,and dividing.Logic operations make a comparison and take action based on the results.For e
34、xample,two numbers might be compared to determine whether they are equal.If they are equal,processing will continue;if they are not equal,processing will stop.Registers A register is a storage location inside the processor.Registers in the control unit are used to keep track of the overall status of
35、 the program that is running.Control unit registers store information such as the current instruction,the location of the next instruction to be executed,and the operands of the instruction.In the ALU,registers 名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 4 页，共 30 页 -store data items that are added,subtracted,multiplie
36、d,divided,and compared.Other registers store the results of arithmetic and logic operations.An important factor that affects the speed and performance of a processor is the size of the registers.Technically,the term word size(also called word length)describes the size of an operand register,but it i
37、s also used more loosely to describe the size of the pathways to and from the processor.Currently,word sizes in general-purpose computers have a wide range of bits.If the operand registers of a processor are 16 bits wide,the processor is said to be a 16-bit processor.参考答案一、1.d 2.c 3.a 4.a 5.c 二、1.2.
38、3.4.5.三、1-b 2-c 3-d 4-e 5-a 四、计算机处理器对于问题“计算机中最重要的部件是什么？”，谁都能给出正确的答案处理器。但但问题一旦更详细，就很少有人能给出清楚的描述了。计算机的组成部件处理器是解释并且执行指令的功能单元。每个处理器都有自己的一套操作，如ADD，STORE 或者 LOAD，即处理器的指令系统。计算机设计者喜欢把计算机称为机器，因此指令系统有时又被称为机器指令，用机器指令编写的二进制语言称为机器语言。你不能把处理器的指令系统与高级程序语言（如BASIC或 PASCAL）中的指令相混淆.指令是由说明要完成何种操作的操作码和表明要对何数据进行操作的操作数组成的。
39、例如，一条指令要完成两个数相加的操作，它必须知道这两个数是什么以及这两个数在哪儿。当这两个数保存在计算机内存中，他们就有一个地址标明他们在哪儿，因此如果操作数是计算机内存中的数据，它就被称为地址。处理器的工作就是从内存中找到指令和操作数并且执行每一个操作。然后，它发信号给内存让它发送下一条指令。这种一步接一步的操作以惊人的速度被重复执行。一个称为时钟的计时器精确地发出电信号为处理器的工作提供规则的脉冲。用于测量计算机速度的术语借用于电气工程领域，称为兆赫兹（MHz），表示每秒 100万次。处理器由两个功能单元控制单元和算术/逻辑单元以及一组称为寄存器的特殊存储空间组成。控制单元控制单元是负责管
40、理整个计算机系统操作的功能单元。在某种程度上，它与智能电话接线板类似，它联系计算机系统的各个功能单元并且让操作中当前程序所需要的单元进行操作。控制单元从存贮器中取出指令，确定它们的类型或者译码。然后将每条指令分解成一系列简单的小步骤或者操作。通过这样做，它控制整个计算机系统一步接一步的操作。算术/逻辑单元算术/逻辑单元（ALU）是给计算机提供逻辑和计算能力的功能单元。数据由控制单元送入 ALU，ALU无论执行算术还是逻辑操作都是为了帮助完成指令。算术操作包括加、减、乘、除。逻辑操作进行比较并且根据结果采取行动。例如，两个数进行比较以确定他们是否相等。如果相等，程序将继续；如果不相等，程序将停止
41、。寄存器名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 5 页，共 30 页 -寄存器是处理器内部的存贮空间。控制单元中的寄存器用于跟踪正在执行的程序的全部状态。控制单元寄存器保存的信息有当前指令，要执行的下一条指令的位置，指令的操作数等。在ALU中，寄存器保存要加、减、乘、除和比较的数据。其它寄存器保存算术逻辑操作的结果。影响处理器速度和性能的一个重要因素就是寄存器的大小。从技能上说，术语字长表示操作数寄存器的大小，但它也被广义地用于表示进出处理器的通道的大小。当前，通用计算机的字长范围很大。如果处理器的操作数寄存器是16 位的，处理器就是16 位处理器。Chapter 3 一、单项选择：
42、1.The basic input device on a small computer is a.a.display screen b.keyboard c.printer d.card reader 2.A generates hard-copy output.a.display unit b.monitor c.screen d.printer 3.The indicates where on the screen the next character will appear.a.pixel b.cursor c.picture element d.x-y coordinate 4.Of
43、ten,a hundred or more are linked to a single centralized computer by communication lines.a.OCR devices b.scanners c.terminals d.printers 5.On a large computer system,a links external devices to the computer,and also performs a number of device-independent tasks.a.channel b.buffer c.control unit d.re
44、gister 二、判断正误：1.Input devices translate symbols that people understand into symbols that computers can process.2.Dot-matrix printer forms text and graphic images with a matrix of pins.3.Banks use a method called magnetic-ink character recognition(MICR)to automatically read and sort checks.4.Laser pr
45、inters are highly reliable,but the quality of their output limits their use to rough drafts and in-house communications.三、词汇连线：1.cursor a.Temporary storage used to compensate for the different speed of adjacent devices.2.display b.An electronic device that links an I/O device to a channel.3.resoluti
46、on c.The blinking line or box that indicates where the next character typed or output will appear on a display screen.4.buffer d.A TV-like screen that displays data.5.control unit e.A measure of the precision or sharpness of a graphic image.四、英译汉：Summary Human being access a computer through its inp
47、ut and output devices.The basic input device on most small computer systems is the keyboard.As a user types characters,they are stored in the computer s main memory.From there,they are output to a display screen(the basic output device),where the user can see them.If a permanent copy of the output i
48、s required,it can be sent from memory to a printer.名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 6 页，共 30 页 -Computers are not limited to character output,however,many systems support graphics.A screen is divided into a number of points called pixels.Images are formed by selectively turning the pixels on and off.A scree
49、ns resolution is a function of the number of pixels.We briefly considered several other input and output devices and media,including punched cards,various types of printers,magnetic media,optical media,terminal,and voice I/O.Finally,we turned to the problem of linking input and output devices to a c
50、omputer system.Each device is electronically different,but the computer always deals with a common code.An interface board serves to bridge this gap.An input device sends its data to the interface,which converts the data from the external device s form to the computers internal form and stores them