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1、-新视野大学英语4第四版Unit1sectionA教案-第 6 页Unit 1 Section ALove and logic: The story of a fallacyObjectives： To talk about love and logic To further understand the text To apply the phrases and patterns To master the narrative essay writing skillContents Warming-up Activities Text Study Language Application S
2、ummaryWarming-up ActivitiesLead-in1. What do you know about logic? When it comes to making a choice, many people tend to use rational and logical reasoning;Males are more rational than females; 2. Do you think it is possible to deal with life in a completely rational and logical way?Rational world i
3、s not necessarily a wonderful one;Rational individuals can make choices that are bad news for others;It is ridiculous to deal with love in a logical way.Pre-reading Activities1. The following are some statements to test your reasoning ability. Tell whether the conclusions after the word “Therefore”
4、are true (T), false (F), or uncertain (U). Write your answer on the line before each statement.numberstatementsTrue or false1All odd numbers are integers (整数). All even numbers are integers. Therefore, all odd numbers are even numbers.2There are no dancers that arent slim and no singers that arent d
5、ancers. Therefore, all singers are slim. 3A toothpick (牙签) is useful. Useful things are valuable. Therefore, a toothpick is valuable.Three pencils cost the same as two erasers. Four erasers cost the same as one ruler. Therefore, pencils are more expensive than rulers.5 Class A has a higher enrollmen
6、t than Class B. Class C has a lower enrollment than Class B. Therefore, Class A has a lower enrollment than Class C.6A fruit basket contains more apples than lemons. There are more lemons in the basket than oranges. Therefore, the basket contains more apples than oranges.7Taking the train across tow
7、n is quicker than taking the bus. Taking the bus across town is slower than driving a car. Therefore, taking the train across town is quicker than driving a car.8All the tulips in Zoes garden are white. All the roses in Zoes garden are yellow. Therefore, all the flowers in Zoes garden are either whi
8、te or yellow.2. Listen to a short passage on logic, and fill in the missing information.Cultural Background- Logic and Fallacyl 1. What is a fallacy? And how is it used?An error in reasoning that renders an argument logically invalid;By accident or design, logical fallacies are often used in debate
9、or propaganda; To mislead people;To distract people from the real issue for the purpose of winning an argument.l 2. How many types of fallacy do you know?Red Herring (转移话题)/Begging the Question(循环论证)/Slippery Slope (滑坡谬误)/Bandwagon (从众谬误)/False Dilemma (伪两难谬误)/False Cause (post hoc) (假因谬误)/Ad Homine
10、m ( 人身攻击)/Appeal to Authority (诉诸权威)/Dicto Simpliciter (绝对判断)/Hasty Generalization (草率结论)/Ad Misericordiam (文不对题)/False Analogy (错误类比)Text Study1. Main idea and structure What did the narrator do with his roommate Rob? (Para.1)They made a deal that the narrator gives Rob his leather jacket, and Rob,
11、 in exchange, gives the narrator his girlfriend. Why did the narrator want to have Polly as his girl friend? (Paras. 2-3)Pretty, well-off, radiant;The right background to be the girlfriend of a dogged, brilliant lawyer;Help the narrator in his competition with other applicants to some elite law firm
12、s.l Part I Paras. 13The author sets the scene of the story by providing information about the four “wh-” words: who, where, what, and why. “Who” refers to the narrator, his roommate Rob, and the beautiful girl Polly. “Where” refers to . “What” and “why” refer to what to do and why to do it: The narr
13、ator decides to make Polly “ ” because as a promisingly brilliant lawyer, he wants to have a girlfriend who is not only beautiful but also intelligent.l Part II Paras. 4-25The narrator tries to help Polly become smarter by giving her lessons in logic. Altogether he spends five nights teaching Polly
14、four logical fallacies , namely, Dicto Simpliciter,Hasty Generalization , Ad Misericordiam, False Analogy.l Part III Paras. 26-43 When asked to be the narrators girl friend, Polly refutes his arguments with the exact logical fallacies taught by him and refuses by making full disclosure that she is d
15、ating the narrator simply because it is a trick she and Rob have decided to play on him in order to get his leather jacket .2. Structure of the textIntroduction to the storyPolly needs to be made more intelligent. (Para. 3)The narrator and Rob make a deal: the exchange of a leather jacket for Polly.
16、 (Para. 1)Polly has some basic qualities to be the girlfriend of a lawyer.(Para. 2)Body (Development of the story)The fourth logical fallacy taught to Polly: False Analogy (Paras. 22-25) The third logical fallacy taught to Polly: Ad Misericordiam (Paras. 16-21) he second logical fallacy taught to Po
17、lly: Hasty Generalization (Paras. 12-15)The first logical fallacy taught to Polly: Dicto Simpliciter (Paras. 9-11)Why logic is important (Para. 4-8)Climax & EndClimax of the story: Polly refuses to be the narrators girlfriend. (Paras. 38-43)“Please say youll go out with me. Im nothing without you.”
18、Ad Misericordiam. (Paras. 33-35)“You know the things you learn in school dont have anything to do with real life.”Dicto Simpliciter. (Paras. 36-37)“You dont have to eat a whole cake to know its good.”False Analogy. (Paras. 31-32)“We make a pretty good couple.”Hasty Generaliza-tion. (Paras. 26-30)3.
19、Summary of the textLove and logic: The story of a fallacy My roommate Rob made a pact with me that hed give me his girlfriend Polly in exchange for my jacket. And I agreed. Polly had the right background to be the girlfriend of a dogged, brilliant lawyer like myself. She was pretty, well-off, and ra
20、diant. Still, I want to dispense her enough pearls of wisdom to make her “well-spoken”. So I tried my best to teach her such logical fallacies as Dicto Simpliciter, Hasty Generalization, Ad Misericordiam, and False Analogy. After five nights of diligent work, I actually made a logician out of Polly.
21、 She was an analytical thinker at last. When I asked her to develop our relationship into a romantic one, however, she refuted my arguments as those logical fallacies I had taught her! And she refused my proposition by making full disclosure: She liked Rob in leather, therefore, she had told him to
22、make the pact with me so that Rob could have my jacket .4. Practical phrasesPhrasesSpecificMeaningsExamples1.Inexchangefor作为对的交换In exchange for a peaceful environment for the future generations, our revolutionary predecessors shed their blood and even sacrificed their precious lives. 2.Setadatefor为定
23、日期In order to achieve success, one had better start immediately rather than set dates for his/her efforts.3.Appealto唤起；吸引This university boasts many world-famous experts, professors, and the worlds best research library, therefore, it appeals to students and researchers from all over the world.4.mak
24、e/drawananalogybetween在之间作类比We often make an analogy between studying and climbing a mountain: both of them require great efforts before you can reach the top.5.Makesth.outofsb./sth.使变成The aim of the military academy is to make qualified officers out of the young cadets after four years study and tr
25、aining.6.Givesb.theaxe抛弃（恋人）；解雇If you continue playing your precious college years away, success will give you the axe upon graduation.7.Bedrippingwith满是Though the beautiful lady is dripping with jewels, her words and actions are dripping with vulgarity and rudeness.5. Functional patternsFunctionalP
26、atternsFunctions&UsagesExamples1.Ifsb.coulddo,sb.justmightdo用于表达“假设”如果我能够让我所申请的顶尖律师事务所看到我身边伴随着一位光彩照人、谈吐优雅的另一半，我就很有可能在竞聘中以微弱优势获胜。If I could show the elite law firms I applied to that I had a radiant, well-spoken counterpart by my side, I just might edge past the competition.2.Sb.never/seldomdo.Instea
27、dsb.do用于表达“强调”如果你能好好利用现有的一切而不是幻想你所没有的，你很可能已经取得巨大的成功了。If you could make the best of what you have instead of dreaming of what you dont have, you just might have already achieved great success.3.Lookat,lookat.Canyoudo?用于表达“对比”看看我，一个聪明过人的学生，一个不同凡响的学者，一个前途无量的人。再看看罗伯，一个肌肉发达的蠢材，一个有了上顿没下顿的家伙。你是否能给我一个充足的理由，
28、为什么要选择跟他？”Look at me, an ingenious student, a tremendous intellectual, a man with an assured future. Look at Rob, a muscular idiot, a guy wholl never know where his next meal is coming from. Can you give me one good reason why you should be with him?”Critical thinking:What does the story tell us about love? And what does it tell us about smart people?Can you think of a logical fallacy you have committed? Why is it a fallacy and what caused it?