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1、押题03阅读理解C篇说明文（2022届贵州省黔东南州高三一模联考）Researchers from Londons Queen Mary University studied how participants were affected by pollution based on where they live. In the journal Circulation on Friday, the scientists revealed that air pollution can harm the heart to the point where it resembles （类彳以）the e
2、arly stages of heart failure.According to Emory Healthcare, deaths have decreased around 12 percent per decade on average over the past 50 years, but 287,000 people die from heart failure each year. There are more hospitalizations from heart failure each year than all cancers combined.In this study,
3、 the scientists examined information from 4,000 participants that were in the UK Biobank study. Volunteers had blood tests, health scans and heart MRIs, which measured the function, size and weight of their hearts. They also recorded their lifestyle, health record and where theyve lived.The team fou
4、nd participants had larger right and left ventricles （心室）in the heart when they lived closer to busy roads and were exposed to nitrogen dioxide （NOz）, which enters the air when fuel is burned. The right and left ventricles are crucial for pumping blood. They were healthy but resembled the ventricles
5、 in early-stage heart failure. The scientists found that the higher the exposure to the pollutants, the greater the changes in the heart.“Air pollution should be seen as a modifiable risk factor/9 Dr. Nay Aung, who led the data analysis of the study, said in a statemnent from Queen Mary University.
6、The public all need to be aware of their exposure when they think about their heart health Just like they think about their blood pressure and their weight.”Professor Jeremy Pearson, Associate Medical Director at the British Heart Foundation said in the statement from Queen Mary University, t6We can
7、t expect people to move home to avoid air pollution, so government and public bodies must act right now to make all areas safe and protect the population from these harm.What is the finding of the study?A. Air pollution causes many people to die.B. People have big problems of heart health.C. Peoples
8、 houses have a great effect on the heart.D. Air pollution makes our hearts at risk of heart failure.Jonah对圣诞老人套装有很大的计划广可知，新冠发生了变异，没有受到完全的控制，应选B。4. （2022届贵州省贵阳市高三适应性一模英语试题）Who do you count as your friends? From our BFF to a workmate, its good to have someone to draw the fat with or offer comfort and
9、support. But the recent lockdown we have endured has made of us question our friendships. Weve fallen out of touch with friends and acquaintances. But do we actually have to restart every relationship we once had? It might be time to take stock and think about who you kept in touch with, who you mis
10、sed talking to, and who you didnt. In short, maybe its time to reset your list of real mates.There9s no obligation to stay friends. Bryan Lufkin says, “While people have known fbr years that friendships are unquestionably good fbr your health, experts say ifs only natural for acquaintances and even
11、friends to fall by the wayside as time goes on.”Of course, it can be hard to choose whos in your friendship circle. This is what Suzanne Degges-White, professor of counselling at Northern Illinois University, calls our “firiendscape”. She says. In life, as we go through certain stages and ages, our
12、attention shifts, and we want to be around people who are like us.”So, changing friends is normal, but we still need those special pals who have known us long term. These are friendships we invest time in. These are your inner circle of friendsyour shoulders to cry on”and you have to see them at lea
13、st once a week to keep them in that circle. The friends that do drift are mostly friendships of convenience. But the advice for maintaining a good friendship is to share how you feel with someone you trust-this can help strengthen your friendship as well as giving you both a chance to support each o
14、ther.24. What could we do about friendships in the recent lockdown?A. Recover our friendships.B. Reflect on our friendships.C. Develop new friendships.D. Put an end to our friendships.25. What do Bryan Lufkins words mean?A. Some friendships will not necessarily stay for life.B. Some friendships migh
15、t not be good for our health.C. True friendships will surely survive the long years.D. True friendships develop naturally as time goes by.26. Who would most probably stay in our friendship circle?A. Friends at the same life stages.B. Friends with the same interests.C. Friends always staying around.D
16、. Friends living in neighboring areas.27. What does the author suggest we do in the last paragraph?A. Cry on our friends, shoulders.B. Change inner circle friends.C. Devote time to true friendships.D. Suit our friends conveniences.【答案】24.B25. A 26. B27. C【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了在最近的封锁中，我们能反思我们的友谊，说明了一些关
17、于维持友谊的 建议。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“But the recent lockdown we have endured has made of us question our friendships. Weve fallen out of touch with friends and acquaintances. But do we actually have to restart every relationship we once had? It might be time to take stock and think about who you kept in to
18、uch with, who you missed talking to, and who you didnt. In short, maybe its time to reset your list of real mates.（但最近的封锁让我们开始质疑我们 的友谊。我们已经与朋友和熟人失去了联系。但我们真的要重新开始每一段曾经的关系吗？也许是时候盘 点一下，想想你和谁保持联系，你想念谁，谁没有。简而言之，也许是时候重置你真正的朋友名单了厂可知， 在最近的封锁中，我们能反思我们的友谊。应选B。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Bryan Lufkin says, “While peopl
19、e have known for years that friendships are unquestionably good for your health, experts say ifs only natural fbr acquaintances and even friends to fall by the wayside as time goes on.”（Bryan Lufkin说：“虽然人们多年来都知道友谊无疑对健康有益，但专家表示，随着 时间的推移，相识甚至是朋友之间的关系会逐渐疏远，这是很自然的。”户可知，随着时间的推移友谊会越 来越疏远。由此推知，Bryan Lufkin
20、的话意思是“有些友谊不一定会持续一生”。应选A。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中In life, as we go through certain stages and ages, our attention shifts, and we want to be around people who are like us.（在生活中,随着我们经历特定的阶段和年龄，我们的注意力会转移， 我们希望和和自己相似的人在一起）“可知，有相同兴趣的朋友最有可能留在我们的朋友圈里。应选B。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中So, changing friends is normal, but
21、we still need those special pals who have known us long term. These are friendships we invest time in. These are your inner circle of friends-your shoulders to cry on”and you have to see them at least once a week to keep them in that circle.（所以, 换朋友彳艮 正常，但我们仍然需要那些认识我们很久的特别的朋友。这些是我们投入时间的友谊。这些人是你的核心 朋
22、友圈你的“哭泣时可以依靠的肩膀”你至少每周要见他们一次，把他们留在这个圈子里）”可推知, 作者建议我们花时间在真正的友谊上。应选C。5.（押考法-猜词推断题和主旨细节题）Companies in New Zealand are working with American creators of some of Hollywoods most famous creatures to develop animatronic dolphins that look almost the same with their living counterparts.A robotic dolphin that
23、 can nod an answer to a child might sound unappealing. But as marine parks around the world face increasing pressure to abandon exhibitions featuring real whales and dolphins, the creatures provide an appealing alternative, their creators say.But with a price tag of about NZ$40m （ 20.8m） per dolphin
24、, the biggest obstacle for the creators of the animatronic creatures is proving to potential clients that the robotic sea creatures will work out to be cheaper in the long run than the real thing.Li Wang, a business developer for Edge Innovation, the New Zealand-based company making the case for the
25、 robots, said they do cost four times more than normal dolphins but would last longer.Melanie Langlotz, one of the managers behind the project said, the robotic dolphin cant be distinguished from the real thing. A test audience had been unable to guess the dolphin was not real, she added.Animal righ
26、ts advocates also welcomed the change. They hoped robotic dolphins would replace real ones in marine parks worldwide.In nature, dolphins swim up to 40 miles a day and live in close family groups, but in captivity they were confined to concrete pools filled with chemically treated water and forced to
27、 interact with strangers. In the near future, cutting-edge technology might allow us to experience nature without harming it.24. Why will animatronic dolphins be developed?A. To attract children.B. To make a higher profit.C. To protect real dolphins.D. To show the advance of technology.25. What can
28、we know about robotic dolphins according to the text?A. They look different from the real ones.B. They are appealing to marine parks as well as children.C. They would have a shorter lifespan compared to real ones.D. They would be more expensive but survive longer than real ones.26. Why does the auth
29、or mention real dolphins in the last paragraph?A. To stress the significance of robotic dolphins.B. To inform us of bad conditions of dolphins in captivity.C. To clarify why dolphins live better in natural environment.D. To suggest that we should improve the living conditions of dolphins.27. Whafs t
30、he best title fbr the passage?A. Dolphins: cute animals to play withB. Robot dolphins: a costly but worthy alternativeC. Robot dolphins: an attractive and affordable toolD. Advanced technologies benefit the environment【答案】24.C25. D 26. A 27. B【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新西兰的企业家开发了一款机器海豚，这种“新型”海豚的出现将为世界各地 的海洋馆
31、提供了一种新的选择。【24题详解】细节理解题。通过文章第二段“But as marine parks around the world face increasing pressure to abandon exhibitions featuring real whales and dolphins, the creatures provide an appealing alternative, their creators say （他 们的创造者说道，但是因为全世界的海洋公园面临着越来越大的压力，想要放弃以真正的鲸和海豚为特色 的展览。刚好这种机器海豚就提供了一个诱人的选择）”可知，电子海
32、豚的创造是为了保护真正的海豚。故 选C。【25题详解】推理判断题。通过文章第三段“But with a price tag of about NZ$40m （20.8m） per dolphin, the biggest obstacle for the creators of the animatronic creatures is proving to potential clients that the robotic sea creatures will work out to be cheaper in the long run than the real thing （因为每一只电
33、子海豚的价格是 NZ$40m （20.8m）,所以电 子海豚的创造者面临的最大的障碍就是告诉潜在的客户，这种电子生物虽然价格比价高，但是从长远来看 的话，它比真生物要廉价些）”可推知,它们的价格较高但使用时间也较长。应选D项。【26题详解】推理判断题。通过文章最后一段In nature, dolphins swim up to 40 miles a day and live in close family groups, but in captivity they were confined to concrete pools filled with chemically treated wa
34、ter and forced to interact with strangers （在自然界中，海豚能每天游40英里并且与家人住在一起。但是在圈养中，它们限制在混凝土游 泳池中，池里全是充满化学物质的水，它们被迫与陌生人交流）”可知，此处对真实海豚的描写，进一步表 明创造机器海豚的重要性。应选A项。【27题详解】主旨大意题。通过文章整体阅读，可知文章介绍了新西兰的企业家开发了一款机器海豚，这种“新型”海豚的 出现将为世界各地的海洋馆提供了一种新的选择。B项“电子海豚：虽然贵，但却是值得的选择”符合文章标 题。应选B。6.（2022届山西省吕梁市高三上学期第一次模拟英语考试）After you
35、 finish your fries, eat the ketchup packet. When you add your pasta to boiling waler, put the bag into the pot, too. If these instructions sound confusing to you, its only because you havent yet heard of Notpla, a London-based startup company that is designing a seaweed-based replacement for single-
36、use plastic packaging. Notpla design director Karlijn Sibbel says they look lo nature as inspiration for the ideal packaging like the skin on a fruit. A peel will eventually be used as nutrients by nature, and disappear and become a part of the cycle. she said.According to the UN, 9.15 billion tons
37、of plastic has been produced since the early 1950s, and about 60% has been land-filled or abandoned outdoors. Micro-plastics, which are often the result of larger plastics breaking down, pollute the ocean, the air and our bodies. Over the past few years, there has been a growing movement against sin
38、gle-use plastics as many experts have argued the products are unnecessary and harmful. In the US, some places have taken action: New York banned most plastic shopping bags, and in Miami Beach, plastic straws have been outlawed. Overseas, the European Union put a broad ban on single-use plastics into
39、 effect this summer. the government announced in August.Notplas founders, Rodrigo Garoia Gonzalez and Pierre Paslie, initially looked to seaweed as the solution to the worlds plastic problem because “it is abundant, grows quickly, doesnt compete with land crops. Sibbel explained. There are also many
40、 different seaweed species, and it can be harvested or farmed. Seaweed doesnt use land; it doesnt use pesticides. It can grow into the ocean and the sea, where it actually has a lot of positive benefits so it can create new ecosystems for other organisms to thrive in.“As they scale up, Notplas team
41、hopes seaweed could replace single-use plastic in the supply chain more broadly. Sibbel said. But with the volume of plastics used around the world, she understands the enormity（巨大）of such a task. I dont think one material or one solution is going to solve everything, but we think that seaweed reall
42、y ticks the right boxes. she said.24. What does the author mainly talk about in the first paragraph?A. The tasty food made from seaweed such as pasta.B. Common functions of seaweed.C. The famous company called Notpla.D. Plastic packaging made from seaweed.25. What can be learned about plastic pollut
43、ion and solutions from the passage?A. Micro-plastics can only be found in the sea.B. The single-use plastics are considered avoidable by many experts.C. More than half of the plastic produced has been land-filled.D. The European Union and the US have completely slopped using single-use plastics.26.
44、Which is not the reason for the companys founders turning to seaweed?A. It is pesticide-free.B. It is easily accessible.C. It can grow on land.D. It can do good to the ocean.27. Which word best describes Karlijn SibbePs attitude to the future use of seaweed?A. Optimistic.B. Uncertain.C. Negative.D.
45、Worried.【答案】24.D25. B 26. C 27. A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了，随着塑料污染越来越严重，很多国家或地区已经采取措施应对。伦 敦一家公司创造了以海草为原料的包装，从源头杜绝污染。【24题详解】主旨大意题。 根据第段If these instructions sound confusing to you, its only because you haven9t yet heard of Notpla, a London-based startup company that is designing a seaweed-based replacement
46、 for single-use plastic packaging.（如果这些说明让你感到困惑，那是因为你还没有听说过Notpla,这是一家位于伦敦的初创公司， 正在设计一种以海草为原材料的一次性塑料包装的替代品。）”可知，第一段主要介绍了由海草制成的塑料包 装。应选D。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Over the past few years, there has been a growing movement against single-use plastics as many experts have argued the products are unnecessary a
47、nd harmful.（在过去的几年里，反对一次性塑料的运 动越来越多，因为许多专家认为这些产品是不必要的，有害的。厂可推断，专家认为一次性塑料的使用是可 以防止的。应选B。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Notplas founders, Rodrigo Garoia Gonzalez and Pierre Paslie, initially looked to seaweed as the solution to the worlds plastic problem because “it is abundant, grows quickly, doesnt compete with
48、 land crops.v There are also many different seaweed species, and it can be harvested or fanned. Seaweed doesnt use land; it doesnt use pesticides. It can grow into the ocean and the sea, where it actually has a lot of positive benefits so it can create new ecosystems for other organisms to thrive in
49、. (Notpla 的创始人 Rodrigo Garoia Gonzalez 和 Pierre Paslie最初将海草视为世界塑料问题的解决方案，因为“海草丰富、生长迅速，不会与陆地作物竞 争。Sibbel解释道。还有许多不同种类的海草，它们可以被收获或养殖。海草不占用土地；它不使用杀虫 剂。它可以在海洋中生长，在海洋中它有很多积极的好处，所以它可以创造新的生态系统，让其他生物茁 壮成长。户可知，海草不会生长在地面。应选C。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段I dont think one material or one solution is going to solve everything, but we th