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1、第 1 页 共 15 页人教必修 1Unit1-Unit5 核心词汇梳理Unit 1 Friendship upset,ignore,concern,settle,suffer,recover,add up,go through,set down,get along with,join in 1.upsetadj.心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的vt.使不安；使心烦；弄翻；打乱（计划等）sth upset sb 某事使某人心烦意乱sb upset sth 某人打/弄翻某物upset a plan 打乱计划be upset about/over/at sth 为某事烦心upset one s stom
2、ach 使（肠胃）不适eg:His strange behaviour upset his father.Dont upset yourself about the exam.It s upset him that nobody had bothered to tell him about it.It upsets me to think of her all alone in that big house.注：upset为表语形容词，非定语形容词；其过去式和过去分词形式仍为upset；现在分词形式为 upsetting。2.ignorevt.不理睬；不顾；忽视ignore sb/sth 不理
3、睬某人/某事ignorance n.无知；愚昧；不知道be in ignorance of/about sth 不知道某事ignorant adj.无知的；愚昧的；不知道的 be ignorant that 不知道某事be ignorant of/about sth 不知道某事eg:He ignored all the“No Smoking”signs and lit up a cigarette.We cant afford to ignore their advice.Hes completely ignorant about modern technology.3.concern n.U
4、 关心，担忧C关心的人或事vt.涉及；参与；使担心，使操心It is no concern of mine/yours.concerned adj.关心的，关切的，担忧的；焦虑的（位于名词之前）；相关的（位于名词之后）as/so far asbe concerned 就而言；依之见be concerned about/for sth 担心；关心 be concerned in/with 与有关be concerned over/at sth 为某事忧虑concern oneself about/for 担忧；关心concerning prep.关于；有关eg:There is growing
5、concern about violence on television.The President is deeply concerned about this issue.He asked several questions concerning the future of the company.This chapter concerns itself with the historical background.注：concerned用作形容词时意为“担忧的；关心的”；用作后置定语时意为“相关的；有关的”。另外 concerning 用作介词时意为“关于；对于”。4.settlevi.
6、安家；定居；停留vt.使定居；安排；解决settle down 舒适地坐下（或躺下）；定居；安静/平静下来settle in/into 习惯于；适应名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 1 页，共 15 页 -第 2 页 共 15 页settle on 选定，决定settle up 付清账单settled adj.稳定的；舒适自在的settlement n.协议，定居点eg:The company has agreed to settle out of court.It s all settled were leaving on the nine oclock plane.I se
7、ttled her on the sofa and put a blanket over her.5.suffervt.遭受，蒙受；后跟 pain/defeat/loss/poverty/hunger/punishment/hardship以及表示疾病的词。vi.后常跟介词from，表示“受折磨；受 之苦，患某种疾病”。sufferer n.患病者，受苦者，受难者suffering n.（肉体或精神上遭受的）痛苦，疼痛eg:Many companies are suffering from a shortage of skilled staff.He suffered a massive he
8、art attack.The Republican Party has just suffered a huge defeat in the polls recently.6.recovervi.&vt.痊愈；恢复；重新获得recover form 康复，恢复recover oneself 恢复常态recovery n.恢复，改善eg:Liu Xiang is still recovering from his operation.It took her a few minutes to recover consciousness.She has made a full recovery fr
9、om her illness.7.add up 合计addin 把加进去；包括addon(to)附加，加上addto 在中加上 add to 增加；加强（多用于抽象意义）add up to 总计；总共（不用于被动语态）in addition 另外in addition to 除之外eg:The numbers add up to exactly 100.Remember to add in the cost of drinks.A service charge of 15%was added on to the bill.8.go through经历，经受；仔细检查；完成；用完go after
10、 追赶go against 违反，与 不符go ahead 先走；开始做；着手干go by 逝去，过去go off 离开；爆炸go on 继续；上场；流逝go over 检查pass through 走过；路过live through 经历look through 浏览；往 里面看pull through（大病、手术后）康复eg:I always start the day by going through my e-mail.Hes amazingly cheerful considering all hes gone through.Things will get easier as ti
11、me goes by.9.set down 放下；记下；登记set about(doing sth)着手（做某事）名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 2 页，共 15 页 -第 3 页 共 15 页set out(to do sth)开始，着手（做某事）set aside 留出；不顾set back（把钟等）往回拨；推迟set free 释放；解放set off 动身，出发；使爆炸set out 动身，出发；着手；安排，组织set up 开办；建立；设立set an example 树立榜样set fire to=on fire 纵火烧eg:Passengers may be s
12、et down and picked up only at the official stops.The bad weather set back the building programme by several weeks.We need to set about finding a solution.注：set about和 set out都可作“开始着手做某事”讲，但 set about后加 doing sth，而 set out后加 to do sth。10.get along with 与相处；进展get along with sb 同某人相处get along with sth
13、某事进展/进行get about/around（消息）传开get across 讲清楚；（使）被领会get away from 离开；脱身get back 收回，找回get down 记下来；使悲伤get down to 认真做，开始着手做get in 到达；收割get on 上车/船/飞机；继续进行；相处get over 克服；摆脱get rid of 消灭，摆脱，除掉get through（电话）接通；用完；通过get together 聚会，联欢eg:Shes never really got on well with her sister.I m not getting on very
14、 fast with this job.It s time I got down to thinking about that essay.Your meaning didn t really get across.11.join in 参加；加入join up 入伍，参军join up with(sb)（与某人）联合，会合join hands(with sb)（与某人）拉起手；合伙，联合辨析join/join in/take part in/attend/participate：1 join 表示“加入党派、组织、社团、俱乐部”等，如 join the Party/Youth League/
15、army/club/organization。2 join in 表示“参加正在进行的活动”，如 join in a game/discussion/conversation/walk。亦可说：join sb in(doing)sth。3 take part in 表示“参加会议、活动”，侧重说明主语参加并发挥一定作用，part 前若有修饰语，要用不定冠词，如 take(an active)part in a party/school activities/physical labour。4 attend 表示“出席或参加会议、仪式、婚礼、葬礼、典礼，上课，上学，听报告”，如 attend a
16、 meeting/a sports meeting/a concert/a show/school/a lecture。5 participate为正式用语，和介词in 连用，表名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 3 页，共 15 页 -第 4 页 共 15 页示积极地参与。eg:She listens but she never joins in.Our teacher often joins us in singing and dancing.How many countries took part in the 29thOlympic Games in Beijing?Ou
17、r children attend the same school.Unit 2 English around the worldnative,base,command,request,recognize,block,because of,come up,such as,play a role/part in,1.native adj.本国的；本地的；天赋的n.本地人；本国人be native to 原产于某地的，土生土长的be a native of 土生土长的本地人go native 入乡随俗，同化native art/dance/peoples 土著艺术、舞蹈/民族native wit/
18、intelligence 与生俱来的机智/才智eg:The tiger is native to India.He is a native of Beijing.You can always tell the difference between the tourists and the natives.2.base vt.以为根据n.基部；基地；基础base sth on/upon sth 以为基础（或根据）base sb/sth/oneself in 以为据点（或总部等），把（总部等）设在the base of a column/glass/pyramid 柱基/玻璃杯底/金字塔底座a m
19、ilitary/naval base 军事/海军基地based adj.（以某事）为基础/根据的baseless adj.无根据的；无缘无故的basement n.地下室eg:What are you basing this theory on?They decided to base the new company in New York.The town is an ideal base for touring the mandn.C 命令，指令U 掌握vt.命令，指挥，支配；博得；赢得at sb s command 听某人指挥under one s command由指挥under the
20、 command of sb 在指挥之下have(a)command of 掌握；精通（尤指语言）take command of 控制(be)in command of 掌握，控制command sb to do sth 命令某人做某事command that (should)do 命令eg:The police arrived and took command of the situation.Applicants will be expected to have(a)command of English.The commission intervened and commanded tha
21、t work on the building cease.注：command后面的宾语从句、表语从句或同位语从句要用虚拟语气，谓语形式是should+动词原形或省略 should。4.requestn.&vt.请求；要求make(a)request fo r 请求；要求 名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 4 页，共 15 页 -第 5 页 共 15 页at sb s request=at the request of sb应某人之要求by request(of)照需要；依照请求；应邀on request 一经要求request sb to do sth 请求某人做某事reque
22、st that sb(should)do sth 请求request sth from/of sb 向某人请求某物It is requested that 据要求 eg:He was there at the request of his manager.She requested that no one(should)be told of her decision.You are requested not to smoke in the restaurant.常用虚拟语气的动词口诀：一坚持 insist；二命令order，command；三建议 advise，suggest，propose
23、；四要求 ask，demand，request，require。5.recognizevt.辨认出；承认recognize sb/sth by/from 根据认出某人/某事（物）be recognized to be/as 被认作/被认为是 It is recognized that 人们公认 recognition n.认识；认出out of/beyond recognition 认不出来eg:Drugs were not recognized to be/as a serious problem then.It was recognized that this solution could
24、 only be temporary.The book is now recognized as a classic.6.blockn.大块；大楼；街区；一批，一组v.阻塞，挡住a block of ice/concrete/stone 一大块冰/混凝土/石头a tower block 高层建筑an office block 办公大楼a block of shares 一大宗股份block off 封锁，堵住block out 挡住，遮住block up 塞住，封住block from 阻止做eg:His apartment is three blocks away from the poli
25、ce station.The main roads of the city have been blocked off.The fallen trees blocked us from going into the flooded area.注：表 示“阻 止 做”的 动 词 有：block;(from)/prevent;(from)/stop;(from)/ban;(from)/keep from 7.because of因为；由于because of 是介词短语，后跟名词、代词或动名词；because是连词，后跟从句。辨析 because of/owing to/due to/on acc
26、ount of/thanks to：这五个短语都有“由于、因为”的意思，都是介词短语，因此后面不可接从句。1 because of意为“由于，因为”，强调因果关系，在句中一般作状语。2 owing to 与 because of一样，也强调因果关系，作表语或状语。3 due to 引出造成后果的原因，在句中常作表语、状语。作状语时与 owing to 同义，但 due to 一般不置于句首。名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 5 页，共 15 页 -第 6 页 共 15 页4 on account of与 because of，owing to 同义，但语气较为正式。可作状语、表
27、语。5 thanks to只能用作状语，可以表达正面意思，“幸亏”，也可用于讽刺口吻中（近于讽刺口吻中的“感谢”）。eg:Liu Xiang gave up the competition because of his injury.The game was cancelled owing to heavy rain.The teams success was largely due to her efforts.It was a great success thanks to a lot of hard e up 走近；上来；发芽；发生；被提出；（太阳、月亮等）升起come up with
28、想出；提出come about 发生come across 穿过(路、桥)；偶遇；偶然发现(=come upon)come along 一道来；一起去；进步；赶快come back 回来；记起come on(风、雨等)到来；(演员)出场；赶快；得了吧come out 出版；出来，出现；结果是come to 苏醒；总计；达到；谈到eg:The daffodils are just beginning to come up.The subject came up in conversation.She came up with a new idea for increasing sales.注：c
29、ome up 含有“被提出”之意，以物作主语，此时不用被动语态；而 come up with意为“提出，想出”，其主语是人。I came up with a proposal and it soon came up at the meeting.9.such as例如；像这种的辨析 such as/for example/that is/and so on：1 such as 用来列举事物。通常放在被列举的事物的前面以及需要说明的事物的后面，意思是“比如；诸如 之类的”，也与 like 互换，as后面不能有逗号。2 for example起到补充说明的作用，表明在众多内容中仅举一个或少数几个例
30、子，可位于句首、句中或句末，意思是“例如；举个例子”。3 that is 是后面列举的事物的总量等于它前面所提到的总和，相当于namely，意思是“即，也就是说”。4 and so on 对几个事物进行列举时，在说了其中的几个以后，用 and so on 进行概括，说明还有例子，但不一一列出了，意思是“等”。eg:Wild flowers such as orchids and primroses are becoming rare.It is possible to combine Computer Science with other subjects,for example,Physic
31、s.We discussed everything when to go,what to see and so on.10.play a role/part in在中担任角色；在中起作用play an important role/part in 在方面起重要作用名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 6 页，共 15 页 -第 7 页 共 15 页play the role of sb=play/act the part of sb（在剧中）扮演某人的角色play the leading role 起主要（带头）作用eg:Clowns play an important role
32、in a circus.She plays an active part in local politics.The media play a major role in influencing people s opinions.11.Today,more people speak English as their first,second or a foreign language than ever before.1 more than+数词，表示“超过，多于”。2 more than+名词，表示“不仅是，不只是”。3 more than+形容词/副词，表示“非常，十分”，与 very
33、同义。4 more than之后接含有 can的从句时，常表示否定意义。此时，从句中的谓语动词必须是及物动词，并且与句子的主语为逻辑上的动宾关系。5 morethan 意为“与其 不如；是 而不是”，表示自身的比较。6 no more than=only 意为“只有，仅仅”；not more than 常用于数词之前，意为“至多，不超过”，其意义相当于 at（the）most。eg:There is room for no more than three cars.She was far more intelligent than her sister.I m more than happy
34、to take you there in my car.It had more the appearance of a deliberate crime than of an accident.Unit 3 Travel Journal prefer,persuade,determine,view,change ones mind,give in,no matter how 1.prefer vt.更喜欢；选择某事物（而不选择其他事物）prefer sth 更喜欢 prefer(sb)to do sth 更喜欢（某人）做 prefer that 更喜欢that 从句中常用(should+动词原
35、形)prefer sth/doingto sth/doing与相比更喜欢；宁愿，不愿 prefer to dorather than do 宁可也不preference n.偏爱；爱好；喜爱give preference to sb/sth 给以优惠；优待in preference to sb/sth 而不是eg:I prefer playing in defense.I would prefer that you(should)not mention my name.He prefers to stay at home rather than go shopping.She was chos
36、en in preference to her sister as a volunteer of the Beijing Olympic Games.注：在 prefer to 结构中，to 后接动词原形；在prefer to 结构和 preference构成的短语中to 都为介词。2.persuadevt.劝说；说服persuade sb to do sth=persuade sb into doing sth 说服某人做某事persuade sb not to do sth=persuade sb out of doing sth 名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 7 页，
37、共 15 页 -第 8 页 共 15 页说服某人不做某事try to persuade sb to do sth(=advise sb to do sth)尽力劝说某人做某事（但未劝服）persuade sb of sth 使某人相信 persuasive adj.有说服力的；令人信服的persuasion n.说服；信服；信念辨析 advise/persuade：advise表示“劝告”的动作，不看结果，而 persuade强调“已经说服”；advise 既可接动词的-ing 形式作宾语，也可接 that 引导的宾语从句（必须用虚拟语气 should+动词原形），而 persuade不能。e
38、g:Try to persuade him to come.I allowed myself to be persuaded into entering the competition.I am still not fully persuaded of the plan s advantage.注：You can advise him but you may not persuade him.3.determinevt.&vi.决定；确定；（使）下定决心determine+n./pron.决（确）定determine to do sth 决定做某事（表示动作，非延续性动词短语）determin
39、e on/upon 决定determine that/what 决定determine sb to do sth 使某人决定做某事determine sb against sth 使某人决定不做某事be determined to do sth 决心做某事（表示状态可与表示时间段的状语连用）determined adj.坚决的，有决心的determination n.决心eg:We determined to leave at once.His advice determined me to delay no more.I am determined to find out who is re
40、sponsible for this.注：determine to do sth 在 词 义 上 等 于be determined to do sth。但前者强调动作，后者强调状态。类似的短语还有：prepare for/be prepared for，worry about/be worried about。这类结构常考查分词作状语的用法。4.viewn.风景；视野；观点；见解vt.观看；注视；考虑in one s view 在某人看来come into view 进入视野，看得见in full view(of sb/sth)完全看得见in view of sth 鉴于，考虑到，由于with
41、 a view to sth/to doing sth 为了，指望eg:We take the view that it would be wrong to interfere.How do you view your position in the company?In view of the weather,we will cancel the outing.5.change one s mind 改变主意make up one s mind 下决心，决定bear/keepin mind 记住havein mind 考虑；打算call/bring sth to mind 回忆起某事fix
42、ones mind upon 把注意力集中在be of one/the same mind 对意见一致名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 8 页，共 15 页 -第 9 页 共 15 页be out of ones mind 发狂，发疯eg:Have you made up your minds where to go for your honeymoon?She couldn t call to mind where she had seen him before.He will bear the beautiful girl in mind forever.6.give in
43、屈服；投降；让步；上交give in to sb 对某人让步give away 赠送；泄露；出卖give back 归还give off 放出；散发出（液体、气体、气味、能量、热量、光、声音）give out 分发；用完，筋疲力尽give up 放弃；停止；认输；把 送交give over 移交give way to 给让路；对 让步eg:The authorities have shown no signs of giving in to the kidnappers demands.He gave away most of his money to charity.After a mont
44、h their food supplies gave out.7.When I told her the air would be hard to breathe and it would be very cold,she said it would be an interesting experience.1 在“主语+系动词+形容词+不定式”结构中，常用主动形式表示被动含义。使用此结构须具备两个前提条件：a.不定式作状语修饰作表语的形容词；b.不定式和句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系。2 不定式作定语时，当在句子中能找到不定式的逻辑主语且不定式与其所修饰的名词构成动宾关系时，这时不定式可用主
45、动形式表示被动含义。eg:It s a difficult question to answer.Tom is easy to please.Harry Potter is interesting to read.8.A determined person always tries to finish the job,no matter how hard it is.no matter how 引导让步状语从句，意为“无论多么”，how 后紧跟形容词或副词，此处相当于 however+形容词/副词。疑问词-ever和 no matter+疑问词1 whatever，whichever，whoe
46、ver，whomever 可以引导让步状语从句，也可以引导名词性从句。引导让步状语从句时，可以换成 no matter what/which/who/whom，位置可以在主句前或后。2 wherever，whenever，however 常引导让步状语从句，可以换成no matter where/when/how，可以防在主句前或后。3 however 引导让步状语从句常与倒装结合起来。这时，however起双重作用，一是引导让步状语从句，二是修饰某一个形容词或副词，而这个形容词或副词要紧接在它之后。eg:Whoever says that is a liar.（主语从句）Wherever s
47、he goes,there are crowds of people waiting to see her.（让步状语从句）She has the window open,however cold it is outside.（让步状语从句）名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 9 页，共 15 页 -第 10 页 共 15 页Unit 4 Earthquakes burst,ruin,injure,bury,judge,right away,at an end,a number of,It seems as if1.burst vt.&vi.（使）爆裂；（使）裂开；突然出现；爆发
48、n.突然破裂；爆发burst out 突然迸发；爆发burst out doing sth=burst into+n.突然起来be bursting to do sth 渴望，急着要做（某事）burst in/into 闯进，突然破门而入burst with anger/grief/joy 勃然大怒/心痛欲绝/乐不可支eg:The excellent performance of Chinese competitors at the 29th Beijing Olympic Games caused bursts of applause.She was bursting to tell him
49、 the good news.The boy burst into tears on seeing the big dog.2.ruinn.U 毁坏；毁灭，崩溃C(Pl.)废墟、遗址v.（使）破产，（使）堕落，毁灭be in ruins 成为废墟be the ruin of 成为毁灭（堕落）的原因bring sb to ruin 使某人失败；使倾家荡产come/fall to/into ruin 毁灭；崩溃；破坏掉ruin oneself 自取灭亡ruin ones health/fame 破坏某人的健康/名誉eg:The bank stepped in to save the company
50、 from financial ruin.My new shoes got ruined in the mud.That one mistake ruined his chance of getting the job.辨析 destroy，ruin，damage，break，spoil：1 destroy 常指彻底的、不能或很难修复的“破坏、毁坏”程度较深；也可用于损坏抽象的东西，比如名誉、计划、努力、契约等。2 ruin 亦指彻底毁掉，但不含有某种摧毁性的力量进行破坏，而含有在一定的过程中逐渐毁掉的意思。3 damage 是程度较小的“破坏、损坏”，一般指被破坏的物品可以重新修复。4 br