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1、问答题1.what.did.shakespeare.support.and.criticize in his play?(1)he.eulogized.beauty,truth.and.goodness,praised friendship,faith,youth,true love.and.spoke.for.harmony,nationalism,centralized monarchy.or.feudal.government,peace.and.sacrifice for the patriotic wars.he also damires the beautypurity and f
2、reedom of the pastoral natural world in his romances.he spared no dfforts in.rendering.the.beauty,innocence.and intelligent of women through brilliant charaters like Poria.(2)however,the conscientious playwright criticized various kinds of human vices and sins,like.greed,betrayal,pride,prejudice.and
3、.deception,including acts of social inequality,sexual and racial discriminations in plays such as The merchant of venice and The.tempest.in.his.tragedies,he.condemned.the.hypocrisy,treachery and general corruption at the royal court,he does not hesitate to describe.the.cruelty.and.anti-natural chara
4、cter of the civil wars,against religious persecution and the corrupting influence of memory and gold,in King lear,he criticized the bourgeois egoism while he feared anarchy,hated rebellion and desprised democarcy.2.inspiration for the romantic approach initially came from two great shapers of though
5、t.who are the two？and what ideas ofthey express inspire the romantic writers?Jean Jacque Rousseau and Thomas Paine The new ideas about nature society and education that is liberty equality and fratenity they express inspire the romantic writers.3.nature is a philosophis work,in which Emerson gives a
6、n explicit discussion on his idea of the oversoul,what is your understanding of Emersonianoversoul?It means the religion on an intuitive belief in an ultimate unity.A the oversoul is believed to be an all-pervading power for goodness,omnipresent and omnipotent from which all things come and of which
7、 all are a part,it exists in nature and man alike and constitutes the chief element of the universe B according to Emerson,it is a supreme reality of mind a spiritual unity of all beings and a religion regarded as an emotional communication between an individual soul and the universal oversoul of wh
8、ich it is a part C he holds that intuition is a more certain way of knowing than reason and that the mind could intuitively perceive the existence of the oversoul and of certain absolutes 4.what makes Mark Twains The adventures of Huckleberry Finn more than a child s adventure story?briefly discuss
9、the question from three of the following aspects:the setting,the language,the character,the theme and the style.A setting:in the novel Mark Twain recreates a small town world of American and presents the local color.B language:he uses simple,direct language faithful to the colloquial speech,the vern
10、acular language of the local people.C character:the author recreats two rebels and fugitives running away from civilization,especially Huckleberry Finn,an innocent boy who refuses to accept the conventional village morality.D theme:the novel is a criticism of social injustice hypocrisy,conversativen
11、ess and narrow-mindedness of the American small town society.E style:the novel employs a humorous style of narration and is also highly symbolic with the central symbol.5.how is Romanticism different from Neoclassicism?provide brief evidence from the literary works you know best.In the field of lite
12、rature,the enlightenment movement brought about a revival of interest in the old classic works,this tendency is known as neoclassicism,it requires that all forms of 名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 1 页，共 3 页 -literature are to be modeled after the classic works of the ancient Greek and Roman writers and tho
13、se of the contemporary French ones artistic ideals should be order,logic,restrained emotion and accuracy,and that literature should be judged in terms of its serviceto humanity.in this case,human beings are instructed and corrected primarily as social animals,Romanticism emphasizes the special quali
14、ties of each individuals mind and constiutes a change of direction from attention to the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of human spirit,it lends to see the individual as the very center of all life and all experience,it also places the individual at the center of are.For examp
15、le“An essay on criticism”(Neoclassicism)is orderly and logical with restrained emotion and accuracy while Romanticism is just the oppoisite.6.as a rule,an allegory is story in verse orprose with a double meaning:a surface meaning and an implied meaning,list two works as examples of allegory what is
16、an allegory usually concerned with by its implied meaning?A Buyans pilgrims progress and Spenser s the faerie queene Bit is usually concerned with moral,religious,political,symbolic or mythical ideas.7.inspiration for the romantic apporachinitially came from two great shapers of thought,who are the
17、two?and what idea they expresses inspire the romantic writers?Athe French philosopher Jean Jacques Rousseau and the German writer Johna Wolfgan Von Goethe.B it is Rousseau who watablished the cult of the individual and championde the freedom of the human spirit,his famous announcement was i felt bef
18、ore i thought Goethe and his compatriots extolled the romantic spirit.8.Emily Bronte used a very complicatednarrative technique in writing her novel Wuthering Heights,try to tell Brontes way of narration briefly.There are complicated narrive levels in W H,the main narrative is told by Nely,Catherine
19、s old nurse to Mr Lockwood,a temporary tenant at grange.the latter gives an account of what he see at W H.in the main narrative by Nelly insects the sub narrative told through Isabellas letters a Nelly,while the central intrest is maintained,the sequence of its development is constantly disordered b
20、y flashbacks,this marks the story all the more enticing and genuine.9.the white whale,Moby Dick,is the mostimportant symbol in Melville s novel,what symbolic meaning can you draw from it?A to Ahab,the whale is either an evil creature itself or the agent of an evil force that controls the universe or
21、 perhaps both.B to Ishmale,the whale is an astonishing force,an immense power which defies rational explanation due to a sense of mystery it carries,it is beautiful but malignant at the same time,it also represents the tremendous organic vitality of the universe,for it has a life force that surges o
22、nward irresistibly,impervious to the desires or wills of men.C as to the reader,the whale can be viewed as a symbol of nature,or an instrument of gods vegeance upon evil man,in general,the multiplicity and ambivalence of the symbolic meaning of the whale is such that it becomes a source of intense s
23、peculation,an object or profound curiosity for the reader.10.a possible theme of James Joyces short story Arabyis disillusionment,briefly discuss the symbolism Joyce employs in presenting this theme.A short days of winter “silent”“the street of blind end”“dark muddy lanes”with“feeble lanterns”“dark
24、dripping gargens”and many others foretell the inevitable failure of the boys attempt to reach his desire.B Mangan s sister,for whom the boy had tender feelings,symbolizes hope,but she was symbolically confined 名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 2 页，共 3 页 -C the journey to the bazzar is a quest for the fulfill
25、ment of the aspiration,but the journey was intolerably delayed and when the boy got to the bazaar half of it was already dark,what s more the young lady at the door of a stall was not encouraging and spoke to the boy out of sense of dutywhen the upper part of the hall was completely dark,the boys di
26、sillusionmentwas announced and thus gazing up into the darkness i saw myself as a creature driven and derided by vanity and my eyes burned with anguish and anger11.my faith is gonecried he(goodman brown),after one stupefled moment,”there is no good no earth and sin is but a name,come devil ,for to t
27、hee is this world given”Comment on this passage from Hawthorne s young goodman brown This passage appears after goodman browns wxperience in the forest.brown attends a witchs sabbath in the woods and is confronted with a vision of human evil there.After he returns to his home,he lives a dismal and g
28、loomy life because he is never able to believe in goodness or pirety again,the passage exemplifies the concern of guilty and evil in Hawthorne s work.its hero experience from the transition from naive young man who accepts both society in genaral and his fellow men as individiuals worth his regard t
29、o a sistrustful and doubtful person,however the story is manipulated in such a way that we as readers fell that Hawthorne poses the question of good and evil in man but withholds his answer,and he does not permit himself to determin whether the events of the night of trail are real or the mere figment of a dream.名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 3 页，共 3 页 -