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1、第四讲语篇体裁之记叙文主旨大意一、作业讲解二、新课导入上一讲中我们说到了记叙文中的人物传记类，主要通过Timeline的形式来进行文本结构的展示。今天 我们要完成第二局部，叙事不是单纯的叙事，事只是一个引子，真正的大boss是它背后所隐藏的道理，作 者会learn a lesson from the experience,读者也会有醍醐灌顶的效果，恍然大悟。而此悟常常发生 在文章的conflict之后，也表达了作者在整个事件发生过程中情感和思想认识的一个转变，在题目中也会 以最直接的方式表达出来，记叙文的主旨大意题就是选醒悟那一项，除了阅读理解之外，高考英语试 卷中完形填空题也常常是以这种文本
2、的形式来考察，对主旨大意的把握也就决定了大体方向。所以本讲将 针对这种文本，从两个题型分别进行讲解。三、知识点讲解1、Story Map这类文本跟上一讲的Timeline最明显的区别是故事的开展起伏更明显，通常伴随着作者思想意识上的 变化，而这种变化的发生必然是伴随着故事开展的冲突而来，所以，简单的Timeline已经不能完整展示全 面的文本信息，这时，升级版的Story Map就应运而生了。请看以下文本：I was never very neat, while my roommate Kate was extremely organized. Each of her objects had
3、its place, but mine always hid somewhere. She even labeled （贴标签）everything. I always looked for everything. Over time, Kate got neater and I got messier. She would push my dirty clothing over, and I would lay my books on her tidy desk. We both got tired of each other.War broke out one evening. Kate
4、came into the room. Soon, I heard her screaming. Take your shoes away! Why under my bed!” Deafened, 1 saw my shoes flying at me. 1 jumped to my feet and started yelling. She yelled 是完形填空。这两个题型的答题思路有所不同，我们要具体问题具体分析，灵活运用Story M叩和 Communicating Vessel两个活动形式，对文章进行切实有效的分析，从而为答题提供便利。五、课后作业适当使用Story M叩 和Co
5、mmunicating Vessel对以下文本进行解读，并完成相应题目：【作业1】Twelve years ago, I arrived in Central Florida from Puerto Rico. I had heard of a job opportunity and decided to pursue it. But it never became a reality. I quickly learned that being alone without resources in an unfamiliar city was not a comfortable situati
6、on to be in.Once my limited funds ran out I became homeless and spent a year and a half living on the streets of Orlando. Apart from feeling not being noticed and missing my family, I had to face another challenge-hunger.For the first time in my life, I, as a foreign man, who had lived my life in th
7、e relative comfort of the middle class, understood the desperation someone feels when they dont get enough to eat. I clearly remembered having run a distance of more than 7 miles on many occasions just to make it to a local feeding program before they closed at 7 pm.Once the need for food was met, t
8、he next challenge would arise一where to find a place to sleep for the night. Fortunately, local programs like the Coalition for the Homeless, Second Harvest Food Bank and the Wayne Densch Center were an important part of my ability to survive my painful experience.With the assistance of these program
9、s, I was accepted by a college scholarship program through the Coalition and obtained two degrees from Valencia.My experience has helped me understand that devoting my life to helping others offers lasting rewards. Today, I am employed as Childhood Hunger Programs Manager at Second Harvest Food Bank
10、 and oversee the summer feeding, Hi-Five Kids Pack, and Kids Cafe programs. I am so proud to be able to distribute food resources to those wonderful programs and help hundreds more like me.1. What can be inferred from Paragraph 1?A. It was impossible for the author to get a job then.B. Many local pe
11、ople were out of work in Florida.C. Florida was not a good place for people living there.D. The author rejected many chances to get a job in Florida.2. Why did the author run a distance of over 7 miles on many occasions?A. Because he didnt want to be late for work there.B. Because he desired to get
12、some food to eat.C. Because he went there to help the poor.D. Because he helped distribute food resources to the poor.3. Before being accepted by a college scholarship program, the author.A. had lived with his relatives happilyB.had won his degree in a universityC. had been struggling financiallyD.h
13、ad lost hope of facing the futureFrom his experience, the author learns that.A. misfortune may be an actual blessingB.a friend in need is a friend indeedC. where there is a will there is a wayD.one good turn deserves another【作业2】It was a rainy morning and the children, mainly boys with various learn
14、ing difficulties, refused to settle for the start of the lesson. As an inexperienced teacher, I tried every means to get them to be 1 , but in vain. my panic was rising and I could feel my heart beating wildly. This was the 2 of my job as a music teacher, I thought teaching was not for me. Then I ha
15、d an idea. Hoping that no one would notice that I was 3 inside, I threw my voice as far as it would reach: nPut your heads on the desks and close your 4 ! We are going on a journey.n5 , the children fell silent. MNow what should I do?” I thought to myself. Reaching over to my collection of CDs, I bl
16、indly 6 , put it in the machine and played it.Obediently （Jll页从地），my class lay their heads on their desk, closed their eyes and 7. When the music started, the room was filled with the most beautiful tones and musical colors I could have ever imagined. All the children were 8 , When the music finishe
17、d, I asked them all to raise their 9 slowly so that we could share our musical journey.At this point, when all the children were willing to share their experiences, I began to learn how to 10 . The music allow me to learn that teaching is about sharing and respect, tears and smiles, the knowing and
18、the H and most of all, an understanding of each other. This was the power that 12 in the classroom could have.1. A. gladB. safeC. kindD. quiet2. A. endA. guessing3. A. eyesA. Punctually4. A. passed one onA. slept5. A. talkingA. legs6. A. teachA. unprepared7. A. gamesB. aimC. ruleD. planB. shakingC.
19、respondingD. laughingB. mouthsC.booksD. doorsB. ImportantlyC. AmazinglyD. ObviouslyB. gave one backC. turned one inD. took one outB. noddedC. waitedD. continuedB. singingC. dancingD. listeningB. headsC. armsD. shouldersB. imagineC. playD. understandB. unspokenC. unknownD. unforgottenB. musicC. tears
20、D. knowledgeback louder.The room was filled with anger. We could not have stayed together for a single minute but for a phone call. Kate answered it. From her end of the conversation, I could tell right away her grandma was seriously ill. When she hung up, she quickly crawled (爬)under her covers, so
21、bbing.Obviously, that was not something she should not go through alone. All of a sudden, a warm feeling of sympathy rose up in my heart.Slowly, I collected the pencils, took back the books, made my bed, cleaned the socks and swept the floor, even on her side. I got so into my work that I even didnt
22、 notice Kate had sat up. She was watching, her tears dried and her expression one of disbelief. Then, she reached out her hands to grasp mine. I looked up into her eyes. She smiled at me, “Thanks.”Kate and I stayed roommates fbr the rest of the year. We didnt always agree, but we learned the key to
23、living together: giving in, cleaning up and holding on.根据记叙文的要素，我们可以把文本解析如下:SettingTimeOne eveningPlaceOur roomCharactersProtagonist(the main character)Kate and IAntagonist(the person or force opposing the protagonist)My disorderConflictRising Action (list events that build suspense)11 was never ver
24、y neat;While my roommate Kate was extremely organized2 Over time, Kate got neater while I got messier;We got tired of each otherClimaxExplain the climax. The climax is the moment before we know the answers to the questions the conflict has created. It is the peak of suspense.这样整个事件的开展就完美地展现在我们面前了，然后
25、我们再来看题目:1: What made Kate so angry one evening?A. She couldnt find her books.B She heard the author shouting loud.C. She got the news that her grandma was ill.D. She saw the authors shoes beneath her bed.2:The author tidied up the room most probably becauseA. she was scared by Kates angerC she wante
26、d to show her care3:How is Paragraph 1 mainly developed?A. By analyzing causesC. By describing a process4:What might be the best title for the story?A. My Friend KateC. How to Be OrganizedA. she was scared by Kates angerC she wanted to show her care3:How is Paragraph 1 mainly developed?A. By analyzi
27、ng causesC. By describing a process4:What might be the best title for the story?A. My Friend KateD. How to Be OrganizedB she hated herself for being so messyE. she was asked by Kate to do soB By showing differencesD. By following time orderB . Hard Work Pays OffD. Learning to Be Roommates【练习1】按Story
28、 Map形式分析以下文本并完成相应题目：any moreIn the mid-1950s, I was a somewhat bored early-adolescent male student who believed that doing than necessary was wasted effort. One day, this approach threw me into embarrassmentIn Mrs. Tottens eighth-grade math class at Central Avenue School in Anderson, Indiana, we wer
29、e learning to add and subtract decimals （小数）.Our teacher typically assigned daily homework, which would be recited in class the following day. On most days, our grades were based on our oral answer to homework questions.Mrs. Totten usually walked up and down the rows of desks requesting answers from
30、 student after student in the order the questions had appeared on our homework sheets. She would start either at the front or the back of the classroom and work toward the other end.Since I was seated near the middle of about 35 students, it was easy to figure out which questions I might have to ans
31、wer. This particular time, I had completed my usual two or three problems according to my calculations.What I failed to expect was that several students were absent, which threw off my estimate. As Mrs. Totten made her way from the beginning of the class, I desperately tried to determine which math
32、problem I would get. I tried to work it out before she got to me, but I had brain freeze and couldnt function.When Mrs. Totten reached my desk, she asked what answer Id got for problem No. 14.“L.I didnt getanything/9 I answered, and my face felt warm.“Correct,“ she said.It turned out that the correc
33、t answer was zero.What did I learn that day? First, always do all your homework. Second, in real life it isnt always what you say but how you say it that matters. Third, I would never make it as a mathematician.If I could choose one school day that taught me the most, it would be that one.l:What doe
34、s the underlined part in Paragraph 1 indicate?A. It is wise to value ones time.B. It is important to make an effortC. It is right to stick to ones belief.D. It is enough to do the necessary.2:Usually, Mrs. Totten asked her students to.A. recite their homework togetherB. grade their homework themselv
35、esC. answer their homework questions orallyD. check the answers to their homework questions3:The author could work out which questions to answer since the teacher always.A. asked questions in a regular wayB. walked up and down when asking questionsC. chose two or three questions for the studentsD. r
36、equested her students to finish their usual questions 4:The author failed to get the questions he had expected because.A. the class didnt begin as usualB. several students didnt come to schoolC. he didnt try hard to make his estimateD. Mrs. Totten didnt start from the back of the class5:Which of the
37、 following can be the best title for the passage?A. An Unforgettable TeacherB. A Future MathematicianC. An Effective ApproachD. A Valuable LessonSettingTimeIn the mid-1950sPlaceIn a math classCharactersProtagonist(the main character)IAntagonist(the person or force opposing the protagonist)Mrs Totten
38、ConflictRising Action (list events that build suspense)I believed that doing any more than necessary was wasted effort.1 Our teacher typically assigned daily homework, which would be recited in class the following day, either from the front or the back of the classroom and work toward the other end.
39、2 I would figure out which questions I might have to answer.ClimaxExplain the climax. The climax is the moment before we know the answers to the questions the conflict has created. It is the peak of suspense.I failed to expect that some students were absentTurning PointI tried to work it out before
40、she got to me, but I had brain freeze and couldnt function.Falling partI didnt get anything but the answer happened to be zeroResultI learned three things:always do all your homework; in real life it isnt always what you say but how you say it that matters; I would never make it as a mathematician.2
41、、Communicating Vessel不同于阅读题的完整文本，完形填空本身就是一个不完整文本，而解题的过程就是合理补充文本的过 程。但是这个补充不是完全没有依据，它和我们之前说的记叙文一样，会有一条主线，奠定了故事开展的 方向和基调。同时，我们分析完形填空另一个有利的“靠山就是文章最后总结的主旨大意，所以首尾呼 应，我们不难把中间的大肚内容给补充完整，这个解析的过程就是把把文章的首尾和合理链接的过程，就 好像连接一个Communicating Vessel 一样。请看以下文本：When I was 13 my only purpose was to become the star on o
42、ur football team.That meant 21 Miller King,who was the best 22 at our school.Football season started in September and all summer long I worked out.I carried my football everywhere for 23.Just before September,Miller was struck by a car and lost his right arm.I went to see him after he came back from
43、 24 .He looked very 25 , but he didnt cry.That season, I 26 all of Millers records while he 27 the home games from the bench.We went 10-1 and I was named most valuable player, 28 I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame fbr Millers 29 .One afternoon,! was crossing the field to go home and sa
44、w Miller 30 going over a fencewhich wasnt 31 to climb if you had both arms.Pm sure I was the last person in the world he wanted to accept 32 from.But even that challenge he accepted. I 33 him move slowly over the fence.When we were finally 34 on the other side,he said to me, n You know, I didnt tell
45、 you this during the season,but you did 35 .Thank you for filling in for 36. nHis words freed me from my bad 37. I thought to myself,how even without an arm he was more of a leader. Damaged but not defeated, he was 38 ahead of me. I was right to have 39 him.From that day on, I grew 40 and a little m
46、ore real.21.A. cheering forB.beating outC. relying onD.staying withB.studentC. teacherD.player23. A.practiceB. showC. comfortD.pleasureB. vacationC. hospitalD.training25.A. paleB. calmC. relaxedD.ashamed26.A. heldB. brokeC. setD.triedB .judgedC. organizedD. watchedB.thenC. butD.thus29.A. decisionB.
47、mistakeC.accidentD.sacrifice30.A.stuckB. hurtC. triedD.lost31.A. steadyB. hardC. funD.fitB. adviceC. assistanceD.apologyB. helpedC. hadD.noticed34.A. droppedB. readyC. trappedD.safeB. wrongC. quicklyD.normally36.A. usB. yourselfC. meD.themB. ideasC. attitudesD.dreamsB. alsoC. yetD.just39.A. challeng
48、edB.curedC. invitedD.admiredB. biggerC. clevererD.cooler跳读文章我们可以知道，开头作者交代了 ,when I was 13, my only purpose was to become the star on our football team, which meant beating out Miller King.而结尾处 Even without an arm, he was more of a leader. Damaged but not defeated, he was still ahead of me.这就是连通器的两个端点，我 们要