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1、-机械专业英语英译汉 (3)-第 3 页Automatic Screw MachinesScrew machines are similar in construction to turret lathes, except that their heads are designed to hold and feed long bars of stock. Otherwise, there is little difference between them. Both are designed for multiple tooling, and both have adaptations for
2、 identical work. Originally, the turret lathe was designed as a chucking lathe for machining small castings, forgings, and irregularly shaped workpieces. The first screw machines were designed to feed bar stock and wire used in making small screw parts. Today, however, the turret lathe is frequently
3、 used with a collet attachment, and the automatic screw machine can be equipped with a chuck to hold castings. The single-spindle automatic screw machine, as its name implies, machines work on only one bar of stock at a time. A bar 16 to 20 feet long is fed through the headstock spindle and is held
4、firmly by a collet. The machining operations are done by cutting tools mounted on the turret and on the cross slide. When the machine is in operation, the spindle and the stock are rotated at selected speeds for different operations. If required, rapid reversal of spindle direction is also possible.
5、 In the single-spindle automatic screw machine, a specific length of stock is automatically fed thr5ough the spindle to a machining area. At this point, the turret and cross slide move into position and automatically perform whatever operations are required. After the machined piece is cut off, stoc
6、k is again fed into the machining area and the entire cycle is repeated.Multiple-spindle automatic screw machines have from four to eight spindles located around a spindle carrier. Long bars of stock, supported at the rear of the machine, pass through these hollow spindles and are gripped by collets
7、. With the single spindle machine, the turret indexes around the spindle. When one tool on the turret is working, the others are not. With a multiple spindle machine, however, the spindle itself indexes. Thus the bars of stock are carried to the various end working and side working tools. Each tool
8、operates in only one position, but all tools operate simultaneously. Therefore, four to eight workpieces can be machined at the same time.机械工程专业英语 电子工业出版社 施平自动螺丝车床 螺丝车床在结构上与转塔车床类似，不同之处是螺丝车床的主轴头部能被设计用来夹持和送进长棒料。除此之外，它们之间几乎没有什么差别。这两种车床都用于多刀具切削，都适合加工同样的工件。最初，为转塔车床设计的用途和卡盘车床的用途一样，也是用来加工小型铸件、锻件和形状不规则的零件。早
9、期的螺丝车床通过棒料和线材的送进，制造小的螺丝零件。时至今日，转塔车床上经常使用夹头附件，而自动螺丝车床上则可通过安装卡盘用来夹持铸件。单轴自动螺丝，顾名思义，一次仅能加工一根棒料。一根16至20英尺长的棒料可以通过主轴箱中的主轴孔送进，并用夹头将其夹紧。机械加工工序是由装在转塔和横刀架上的刀具完成的。当机床工作时，主轴和棒料按照为每道工序所选择的转速旋转。如果需要时也可以使主轴快速反转。在单轴自动螺丝车床上，棒料的一段规定好的长度穿过主轴自动送到加工区。在这里，转塔和横向刀架进入加工位置并自动完成所需的任何加工工作。当加工好的被切断后，棒料再次被送入加工区，并重复整个循环。多轴自动螺丝车床在主轴鼓周围装有4到8根主轴。在机床尾部支撑着长棒料穿过这些空心的主轴，通过夹头进行夹紧。在单轴车床上，转塔围绕主轴转位。当转塔上的一个刀具工作时，其他的刀具不工作。然而，在多轴自动车床上，主轴自己转位。因此，几根棒料被转位到各个不同的端面加工和侧面加工的刀具位置处。每把刀具仅在一个位置工作，但是所有的刀具都能同时工作。因此能够在同一时间内加工4到8个工件。