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1、Welcome to our class!,The subjunctive mood 虚拟语气 Part 1,Learning goals,1. Know what the subjunctive mood refers to 2. Know the different forms of the subjunctive mood 3. Master the structure of the subjunctive mood about “if ” 4. Do some exercises about the 3th aim,语气,英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气
2、。不同的语气用动词的不同形式（有的还借助句法形式）来表示。,虚拟语气,虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式， 一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(常用在条件状语从句中或让步状语从句中)； 一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等 (常用在名词性从句中)。 简言之，即：不是事实或不大可能发生的事情，就用虚拟语气来表述,虚拟语气的概念,虚拟语气的常考形式：,If 引导的条件句,a. if真实条件句 表示条件是真的或有可能实现的, 采用陈述语气。,b. if虚拟条件句 表示条件是虚拟的或几乎无法实现的, 采用虚拟语气。,If we have chances, we can h
3、ave further cooperation.,If I have another chance, I will visit China again.,if真实条件句用于陈述语气,假设的情况很有可能发生,其中if是“如果”的意思,if条件从句 一般现在时,主句 will shall+动词原形 情态动词 + 动词原形,What will you do if it rains tomorrow?,I will sleep at home if it rains tomorrow.,if虚拟条件句 表示条件是虚拟的或几乎无法实现的, 采用虚拟语气。,if 引导的虚拟条件句,与现在事实相反,与过去事
4、实相反,与将来事实可能相反,If I had a great deal of money, I would buy a villa (别墅) for my parents.,与现在事实相反,?,If I were the schoolmaster of Gaocheng No. 1 Middle school, I would let the students get up a little later to get a better sleep.,与现在事实相反,if虚拟条件句,If+主语+ 动词的过去式 （be动词一般用were),主语+would ( should / might / c
5、ould )动词原形,1. If I had a great deal of money, I would buy a villa (别墅) for my parents. 2. If I were the schoolmaster of Gaocheng No. 1 Middle school, I would let the students get up a little later to get a better sleep.,即：If+一般过去时态 （be动词一般用were),If Yao Jiaxin had driven more carefully, he would not
6、have caused the car accident in May,2009.,与过去事实相反,If Tom had learnt how to swim, he would not have been trapped on that island for four years.,与过去事实相反,If he had got up earlier , he could have caught the train.,与过去事实相反,if虚拟条件句,If+主语+had +动词的过去分词,1. If Yao Jiaxin had driven more carefully, he would no
7、t have caused the car accident in May,2009. If Tom had learnt how to swim, he would not have been trapped on that island for four years. 3. If he had got up earlier , he could have caught the train.,即：If+过去完成时态,主语 + would ( should / might / could )have done,If I met Obama some day, I would shake han
8、ds with him. If I were to meet Obama some day, If I should meet Obama some day, ,与将来事实相反,if虚拟条件句,1、If+主语+动词过去式 2、If+主语+were to+ 动词原形 3、If+主语+should +动词原形,主语+would ( should / might / could )动词原形,If I met / were to meet / should meet Obama some day, I would shake hands with him.,总结：if虚拟条件句,1、If+主语+动词过
9、去式 2、If+主语+were to+ 动词原形 3、If+主语+should +动词原形,If+主语+ 动词的过去式 （be动词一般用were),主语+would ( should / might / could )动词原形,即：If+一般过去时态 （be动词一般用were),If+主语+had +动词的过去分词,即：If+过去完成时态,主语 + would ( should / might / could )have done,主语+would ( should / might / could )动词原形,（4+1）,注意以下问题：,1. 错综时间虚拟条件句 2. (if省略) 倒装虚拟条
10、件句 3. 含蓄条件句,1. 错综时间条件句,1、If+主语+动词过去式 2、If+主语+were to+ 动词原形 3、If+主语+should +动词原形,If+主语+ 动词的过去式 （be动词一般用were),主语+would ( should / might / could )动词原形,即：If+一般过去时态 （be动词一般用were),If+主语+had +动词的过去分词,即：If+过去完成时态,主语 + would ( should / might / could )have done,主语+would ( should / might / could )动词原形,错综时间条件句,
11、错综时间条件句,（4+1）,1. 错综时间虚拟条件句 即：if虚拟条件句与主句的时间不一致。 1). If you had followed my advice, you would be able to finish the work now. 如果你当时听了我的话，现在就能完成这份工作了。 （从句说明过去，主句说明现在。） 2). If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party. 如果我是你，我就去参加她的生日晚会了。 （从句说明现在，主句说明过去。）,3). If you hadnt lent me some money, I
12、 couldnt have bought the new house and most likely I would be still living in the dangerous house now. 假若你不借钱给我，我不可能买下这幢新 房，很可能现在还住在危房里。 （从句说明过去，主句说明过去和现在。）,2. 在虚拟条件句中，如果条件句中有were, had（助动词）或should时，可使用倒装结构，但if必须省略。若条件从句为否定句，否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与were，should，had等缩略成werent，shouldnt，hadnt置于句首。,1). Had I se
13、en him then, I would have been very happy. = If I had seen him then, I would have been very happy. 2). Should I have time, I would go with you. = If I should have time, I would go with you. 3). Were I not so busy, I would go with you. = If I were not so busy, I would go with you.,2. (if省略) 倒装虚拟条件句 补
14、充例句： 要不是 (固定句式) If it had not been for your help, we couldnt have finished the work yesterday. = Had it not been for , If it were not for lacking money, I would go travelling right now. = Were it not for lacking money, ,与过去事实相反,与现在事实相反,But for 要不是,(1) I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have take
15、n part in the sports meet.（副词）,(2) He telephoned to tell me of your birthday, or / otherwise I would have known nothing about it. （连词）,直陈语气,虚拟语气,直陈语气,虚拟语气,3. 含蓄条件句 有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过其他手段来代替条件句。,含蓄条件句,(4) Everything taken into consideration, they would have raised their output quickly
16、.（独立主格） = If everything had been taken into (了解即可) consideration, ,(3) I might have given you more help, but I was too busy.（连词）,直陈语气,虚拟语气,(5) 用介词短语代替条件状语从句常用的介词有with, without, but for 等。如： What would you do with a million dollars? We could not have finished the work ahead of time without your help.
17、 But for the rain, we would have finished the work.,=If you had a million dollars, what would you do?,=If we hadnt got your help / If you hadnt helped us, ,=If it hadnt been for the rain, ,虚拟语气,虚拟语气,虚拟语气,1. If my father _ here now, he _ tell me what to do. were; would was; will had been; would is; w
18、ill,Exercise,A,2. If he _my advice, he wouldnt have lost his job. followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would follow,Exercise,C,3. If I _ in the 22nd century, I _ my vacation in a very different way.,should live; would spend will live; should spend are living; should have spent will be living
19、; would have spent,A,4. _ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will,Exercise,tomorrow,B,5. But for the help of my English teacher, I _ the first prize in the English writing competition. A. would not win B. would not have won C. wou
20、ld win D. would have won,Exercise,B,6. If the United States had built more homes for poor people in 1955，the housing problems now in some parts of this country _ so serious. A. wouldnt be B. will not have been C. wouldnt have been D. would have not been,Exercise,now,in 1955,A,7T he weather has been
21、very hot and dry. Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables _. A. wouldnt die B. didnt die C. hadnt died D. wouldnt have died,Exercise,D,had rained,now,8. They _ two free tickets to Canada，otherwise theyd never have been able to afford to go. had got B. go
22、t C. have got D. get,Exercise,B,otherwise,9. Why didnt you buy the flat? I_，but I didnt have the money. would have B. bought C. would like to D. had bought,Exercise,A,but,The subjunctive mood 虚拟语气 Part 2,Learning goals,1. Know the different forms of the subjunctive mood 2. Master the structures of t
23、he different forms of the subjunctive mood 3. Do some exercises about the grammar,虚拟语气的常考形式：,If 引导的条件句,a. if真实条件句 表示条件是真的或有可能实现的, 采用陈述语气。,b. if虚拟条件句 表示条件是虚拟的或几乎无法实现的, 采用虚拟语气。,总结：if虚拟条件句,1、If+主语+动词过去式 2、If+主语+were to+ 动词原形 3、If+主语+should +动词原形,If+主语+ 动词的过去式 （be动词一般用were),主语+would ( should / might / c
24、ould )动词原形,即：If+一般过去时态 （be动词一般用were),If+主语+had +动词的过去分词,即：If+过去完成时态,主语 + would ( should / might / could )have done,主语+would ( should / might / could )动词原形,（4+1）,注意以下问题：,1. 错综时间虚拟条件句 2. (if省略) 倒装虚拟条件句 3. 含蓄条件句,should do ! should do ! should do !,二. 名词性从句中的虚拟语气,二. 名词性从句中的虚拟语气,一 “坚持” (insist) , 二“命令” (
25、order, command) , 四“建议” (advise, suggest, propose, recommend) , 五“要求” (ask, demand, require, request, desire) + (that) sb (should) do . 或是 (that) sb / sth (should) be done,宾语从句,我们建议Tom 去休息一下。 他坚持要我与他同行。 他们要求派Tom去那儿工作。 老师要求作业要及时完成。,We suggested _ .,He insisted _ .,They requested (that) Tom _ .,(that)
26、 Tom have a rest,(that) I (should ) go with him,(should) be sent to work there,The teacher asked (that) our homework _ .,(should) be finished in time,2. 这些动词相对应的名词性从句也用should do It is suggested that we (should) practise reading English everyday. The suggestion given by our teacher is that we (should
27、) practise reading English everyday. The teacher give us a suggestion that we (should) practise reading English everyday.,2. 这些动词相对应的名词性从句也用should do It is ordered / commanded / suggested / advised / requested / required / demanded that (should) do The / Ones insistence / order / command / suggestio
28、n / advice / proposal / recommendation / request / requirement / demand / desire is / was that (should) do a / the suggestion / request (等) that (should) do ,主语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,Its suggested that the plan (should) be carried out at once . The old womans demand is that her son (should) come to see her o
29、nce a week. We are in favor of the advice that the factory (should) be closed down.,3. wish 的宾语从句,1. wish 的宾语从句,与现在事实相反: 一般过去时( be 用were ) 与过去事实相反: 过去完成时 与将来事实相反: would/could +V.原 should,I wish I _ (be) as tall as Yao Ming.,were,I wish/wished I _ (have not) eaten so much watermelon.,hadnt,I wish it
30、_ ( will ) rain tomorrow. If so, I can stay at home to have a good sleep.,would,He wishes he _ ( become ) a scientist some day.,could / would become,三. 虚拟语气特殊句型与固定句式:,1. would rather,宁愿，但愿,sb did ,与现在或将来情况相反,sb had done ,与过去情况相反,I would rather you returned me my money now.,I would rather we hadnt to
31、ld her the bad news.,I would rather you came tomorrow.,2. as if / as though,思考： as if / as though 后面的句子是主句还是从句？,He behaves as if he_(own) the house.,owned,1). 从句的动作与主句动作同时发生 (可以理解成与现在事实相反),He behaves as if he _ (be) the owner of the house.,were,She talked about Rome as though she _ (be) there hersel
32、f.,had been,2). 从句的动作发生在主句动作之前 (可以理解成与过去事实相反),He coughed (咳嗽) twice as if someone would come. 他咳嗽两声就好像有人要来了。,3). 从句的动作发生在主句动作之后 (可以理解成与将来事实相反),总结,as if / as though,与现在事实相反: 一般过去时( be 用were ) 与过去事实相反: 过去完成时 与将来事实相反: would/could + V.原 (了解) should,与 wish 的宾语从句相似,3. It is (high / about ) time (that) “是时
33、候. (做某事)” 注意: should不能省略,sb did,sb should do,是时候采取措施来保护环境了。 It is ( high / about ) time that we took / should take measures to protect the environment. 你该走了。 Its (high / about) time that you went / should go.,4. 在表达惊异、惋惜、遗憾、理应如此等意义的固定句式中常使用虚拟语气 Its necessary / strange / natural (自然的, 理应如此的) / import
34、ant + that sb (should) do,1). It is important that we _ ( master ) a foreign language. 2). 真奇怪，她竟然拒绝来参加party。 Its _ that she _ to come to the party. 3). 鸟在树上安歇 / 休息是很自然的。 It is _ that a bird _ in trees.,( should ) master,(should) refuse,strange,natural,(should) rest,5. If only ! 要是就好了,If only,与现在事实相
35、反: 一般过去时( be 用were ) 与过去事实相反: 过去完成时,If only it stopped raining now! If only we had followed your advice!,总结,wish, would rather, as if / as though, if only 表虚拟时的共同点是： 时态往后退一步，同if虚拟条件句,四. 情态动词表示虚拟,1. 本想/打算做某事却没做 2. 本应该做某事却没做 3. 本不该做某事却做了 4. 本能够做某事却没做 5. 宁愿过去做了某事却没做 6. 最好过去做了某事却没做 7. 本不必做某事却做了,would ha
36、ve done should/ought to have done shouldnt/oughtnt to have done could have done would rather have done had better have done neednt have done,must have done might have done cant/ couldnt have done,过去肯定发生了 过去可能发生了 过去不可能发生,1. insist, suggest 2. as if/though 3. if,五. 可用可不用虚拟语气的情况,insist / suggest 各有两种意思
37、，用不同的语气 insist : “坚决/持要求”用虚拟语气,即 should do; insist : “坚持认为, 坚持说”用陈述语气 suggest : “建议”用虚拟语气，即should do; suggest : “表明、暗示”用陈述语气,1. The teacher suggested that we _ (practise) more after class. 2. Her pale face suggests that she _ (be) ill today. 3. He insisted that all of us _ (get) there on time by any
38、 means. 4. He insisted that he _ (not steal) the diamond, and that he should be set free. 他坚持说他没偷钻石，应该立刻被释放。,(should) practise,is,(should) get,hadnt stolen,as if / as though Whenapencilispartlyinaglassof water, itlooksasifit were broken. The dark clouds are gathering. It looks as if it is going to r
39、ain.,If 引导的条件句,a. if真实条件句 表示条件是真的或有可能实现的, 采用陈述语气。,b. if虚拟条件句 表示条件是虚拟的或几乎无法实现的, 采用虚拟语气。,Exercise,判断是否虚拟,2. 判断虚拟类型,3. 判断虚拟时间,Pass!,虚拟语气应试对策,I advised that you _ the job as soon as possible . A finished B finishing C to finish D finish 2 The workers in the factory demanded that their pay _ be raised. A
40、 should B would C must D could,3. My father did not go to New York; the doctor suggested that he _ there. A. not went B. wont go C. not go D. not to go,4.The teacher demanded that the exam _ before eleven. A. must finish B. would be finished C. be finished D. must be finished,5. Janes pale face sugg
41、ested that she _ ill . A be B was C should be D is 6.He insisted he _right. A. were B. was C. be D. is,考题点击 His suggestion that you _ once more sounds reasonable. A. try B. tries C. must try D. can try,2. She made the demand that the journalists _at once for Iraq. A. leave B. leaving C. left D. to b
42、e left,3.We are in favor of your proposal that the meeting _. A. should put off B. was put off C. be put off D. is to put off,4. It is high time the child _ to the hospital. A. is sent B. would be sent C. must be sent D. were sent,5. If only I _ driving before. A. had learned B. learned C. learn D.
43、would learn,6. I wish I _a bird A is B were C will be D are 7. How I wish that I _ the moon sometime in the future . A had visited B would visit C visited D will visit,8. Id rather you _me the news. A. not tellB. not to tell C. didnt tellD. hadnt told,1. 背语法规则 2. 课时作业 P36 单选,Homework,See You Next Time,知识回顾Knowledge Review,