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1、-一般将来时的被动语态45371-第 6 页语态是表示主语和动词之间的主动关系或被动关系的动词形式。英语动词有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者(施动者),被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者(受动者)。本单元的语法是一般将来时态的被动语态,现就其用法归纳如下:一、一般将来时态的被动语态的基本结构的构成:1一般将来时态的被动语态的肯定式为:主语+shall / will + be done。(shall 用于第一人称,will用于各种人称) 如:We shall / will be punished if we break the rule.如果我们违反规定,我们将要受到惩
2、罚。The new film will be shown next Thursday.这部新电影将在下周四上映。2一般将来时态的被动语态的否定式为:主语+shall / will + not + be done.(可缩写成shant或wont)如:The meeting wont be held tomorrow.明天不再举行会议。The exhibition wont be put off till next week.展览会将不会推迟到下周。3一般将来时态的被动语态的一般疑问句句式:shall / will+主语+be done。(回答用yes或no)如:Wont water be tur
3、ned into ice, if it is below freezing temperature?如果气温在冰点之下,水难道不会变成冰吗?-Will the work be finished at once? -Yes, it will.-这项工作会立刻被完成吗? -是的,立刻就完成。4一般将来时态的被动语态的特殊疑问句为:疑问词 + shall / will + 主语 + be done。如:When will these books be published?这些书将在什么时候被出版?二、一般将来时态的被动语态的其他结构构成:1主语+be going to +be doneSome ol
4、d buildings are going to be put down.一些旧的楼房将被推倒。The problem isnt going to be discussed at the meeting tomorrow.这个问题将不在明天的会议上被讨论。-Are these trees going to be cut down?-Yes,they are.-这些树将被砍倒吗?-是的,将被砍倒2主语+be to +be doneThe meeting is to be held on April 10.会议将于四月十日举行。The machines are not to be repaired
5、 tonight.今晚将不会修理这些机器。-Are new textbooks to be published next week?-No, they arent.新教科书将在下周出版吗?不,不是。三、一般将来时态的被动语态的用法:1一般将来时态的被动语态的同它的主动语态一样,强调表示根据计划或安排将要发生的被动性动作。The new film will be shown next Thursday.这部新电影将在下周四上映。A lot of athletes will be invited to Beijing.好多运动员将被邀请到北京来。2在时间、条件状语从句中,常用一般现在时的被动语态代
6、替一般将来时的被动语态。如:When the dam is completed, the Changjiang River will be controlled.当大坝竣工时,长江将得到控制。If I am given enough time, I will go to Japan for my holiday.如果我有足够的时间,我将去日本度假。3表示有固定性条件就有规律性被动结果,常用shall / will be done结构。如:Heated to 100c,water will be turned into steam.加热到100度时,水将会变成蒸汽。If you speak in
7、 class, you will be punished.如果你在课堂上讲话,你将会被惩罚。 注意:1. 短语动词是一个不可分割的整体,在变为被动语态时,不可丢掉构成短语动词的介词或副词。Eg. At last they put out the fire.他们最后把火扑灭了。 At last the fire was put out. 火最后被扑灭了。2. 带有复合宾语的句子在变为被动结构时,(宾语补足语相应变成主语补足语)注意:主动语态中,若宾语补足语为不带to 的不定式,在变为被动语态时必须带toEg. Everybody called her Big Sister She was called Big Sister by everybody The engineer made the robot clean the room. The robot was made to clean the room